二氟乙烷（HFC-152a）生产技术研究进展

HFC-152a是一种优良的ODS（消耗臭氧层物质）替代品,介绍了HFC-152a的性质及用途,综述了以氯乙烯、乙炔、氯乙烷为原料工艺合成HFC-152a的生产技术,并对其发展前景进行了预测。     

1,1—二氟乙烷

前言1,1-二氟乙烷(difluoroethane)是一种重要的有机氟化工产品,在氟碳烃系列中称为HFC-152a,过去只是作为一种中间产品。它不含氯、溴原子,所以不会破坏大气臭氧层。随着蒙特利尔协议的生效,世界上将逐渐限制 CFC_s 的生产和使用。HFC-152a在 CFC_s 替代品及各种新的用途方面,将作为最终产品使用。它的作用和地位将日趋重要,并受到较多的重视。联合国环境保护署和美国环保局的专家来华时曾多次提出希望我国开展 HFC-152a 的应用研究工作。本文简要介绍 HFC-152a 的性质、用途、前景、制造方法及国内情况。     

萃取精馏在ODS替代品纯化工艺中的应用进展

介绍了萃取精馏技术在HFC-32、HFC-134a、HFC-152a、HFC-125、HFC-245fa等ODS替代品纯化中的应用进展。     

1,1-二氟乙烷制冷剂的研究进展

介绍了1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)环保型制冷剂作为单一制冷剂或与HFC、HFO和HC形成的混合制冷剂在家用、商用空调和汽车空调以及冰箱冰柜、冷水机组和热泵系统中的研究进展。HFC-152a制冷剂无论作为单一制冷剂或是混合制冷剂,在不同制冷领域中,其制冷性能均能达到满意的效果。HFC-152a具有一定的可燃性,对HFC-152a的研究方向进行了展望。     

CFC替代品HFC—152a开发研究

对氯氟烃（CFCS）替代品HFC-152a进行了工业性试验研究,论述了以氯乙烯为原料生产HFC-152a的氟化反应原理和规律性,介绍了工艺过程和主要操作参数,为工业化生产提供了依据。     

氟化工行业生产技术近况

（接上期）我国ODS替代品品种齐全,只是多数产品以模仿为主,凡是国际上有的品种,大多具备工业化生产能力,不少产品已是供大于求。已开发成多种非均相反应的核心技术催化剂,解决了氟化难题。某些ODS替代品女口HCFC-141b、HFC-152a、HFC-227ea、HFC-327HCFC-123、HFC-143a、HFC-125等出口数量均超过国内销售量,一些高科技含量品种如HFC-245、HFC-365mfc、HFC-236和HFO-1234yf等尚处在技术、市场的开发阶段。     

乙炔法制备HFC-152a工艺反应系统的模拟

主要利用Aspen plus软件对HFC-152a-HF体系的VLE(气液平衡)数据进行回归与热力学检验,得到HFC-152a与HF的Wils-HF方程交互作用参数。对稳定工况下的乙炔法制备HFC-152a反应系统进行了模拟,得到了该工况下装置的工艺参数,所得结果为工业生产提供了相应的依据。     

氯乙烯法生产HFC-152a氟化工艺的优化

介绍了原有氯乙烯液相法生产HFC-152a氟化工艺存在的问题,以及在生产实践中采取的优化改进措施及通过改进措施取得的效果.     

HFC-365mfc研究进展

CFC—11和HCFC-141b是臭氧层消耗物质，主要用于发泡剂行业，目前市场有较大的消费量，根据保护臭氧层的《蒙特利尔条约》，CFC—11国内淘汰期为2007年，HCFC-141b也将限期淘汰。HFCs类物质是一种很有发展前途的替代物种，目前受关注的品种有HFC-134a、HFC-152a、HFC-356mffm、HFC-145fa，HFC-365mfc是21世纪最有希望的发泡剂。     

HFO-1234ze合成技术及应用研究进展

随着环保要求越来越严,新型环保ODS替代品的研究开发已成为全世界关注的热点,而1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze)以其优异的环境参数被认为是替代1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a)、1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)和1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC-245fa)的最佳选择。重点对HFO-1234ze的性质、合成方法以及应用的研究进展进行简要综述。     

THERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE PREDICTION FOR NON-CFC MIXTURES

The ideal thermodynamic performances of a variety of non-CFC refrigerants and their mixtures were calculated by using the Patel-Teja equation of state. The results indicated that the preferable non-CFC refrigerant mixtures could be HCFC-I24 +HFC-152a, HFC-152a + HFC-134, dimethyl ether + HCFC-22, and dimethyl ether + HCFC-124 for air-conditioning systems, and binary mixtures of HCFC-22 + HFC-125, and HCFC-22 + HFC-143a for low-temperature applications. Those potential non-CFC mixtures were suggested for further investigations.     

ODS替代品生产及发展动向

国内外主要的ODS替代品有HFC—134a、120系列产品、HFC-32、HFC-152a等。其中HFC-134a广泛用于汽车和冰箱行业,全球生产能力达到19.4万t/a,我国市场消费量已经超过1000t/a。目前国内还没有开展全面的ODS替代工作,所以用量不大,几乎全部依赖进口。随着2010年停用ODS期限的临近,国内应从市场调研、产品开发等各方面做好建设ODS替代品项目的工作。     

Effects of promoter and moisture on the deactivation of FSO<Subscript>3</Subscript>H catalyst in the synthesis of HFC-152a by hydrofluorination of acetylene

The effects of promoter type and moisture on the catalytic activity of fluorosulfonic acid (FSO₃H) as a liquid catalyst for the synthesis of HFC-152a by the hydrofluorination of acetylene were investigated. The catalyst containing SnCl₄ as a promoter had a long catalyst lifetime compared to that without any promoter. It was also found that the composition of HFC-152a can be maintained at 100% for a long time by the control of the moisture content.     

浅谈TCE供应格局变化对我国HFC-134a行业的影响

随着全球经济形势的变化,先是金融危机冲击氯碱行业,国外TCE（三氯乙烯）装置纷纷减产或关停;再有国际氟化工公司战略转型,基础氟化工产品[1]（HFC-134a、低端PTFE等）生产向发展中国家转移;后是各国政府纷纷出台政策刺激经济,制冷剂需求持续升温,而其生产原料之一TCE供应格局却发生了翻天覆地的变化,本文详细分析原料TCE对下游HFC-134a行业的深远影响,提出制冷剂行业针对TCE供应格局变化的应对建议。     

氟烃抛射剂HFC-152a在低VOCs型气雾剂中的应用

1前言 二十世纪七十年代．人们发现氯氟烃是破坏大气臭氧层的元凶．并预期会对全球生态环境产生严重影响．从而引发了淘汰氯氟烃和相关化学物质的全球行动。中国也严格按照《蒙特利尔议定书》和《中国消耗臭氧层物质逐步淘汰的国家方案》的要求,对CFCs的生产消费进行了削减和淘汰,同时大力支持国内企业开发和生产ODS替代物。     

Life cycle assessment of HFC-134a production by calcium carbide acetylene route in China

HFC-134a is a widely used environment-friendly refrigerant. At present, China is the largest producer of HFC-134a in the world. The production of HFC-134a in China mainly adopts the calcium carbide acetylene route. However, the production route has high resource and energy consumption and large waste emission, and few of the studies addressed on the environmental performance of its production process. This study quantified the environmental performance of HFC-134a production by calcium carbide route via carrying out a life cycle assessment (LCA) using the CML 2001 method. And uncertainty analysis by Monte-Carlo simulation was also carried out. The results showed that electricity had the most impact on the environment, followed by steam, hydrogen fluoride and chlorine, and the impact of direct CO₂ emissions in calcium carbide production stage on the global warming effect also could not be ignored. Therefore, the clean energy (e.g., wind, solar, biomass, and natural gas) was used to replace coal-based electricity and coal-fired steam in this study, showing considerable environmental benefits. At the same time, the use of advanced production technologies could also improve environmental benefits, and the environmental impact of the global warming category could be reduced by 4.1% via using CO₂ capture and purification technology. The Chinese database of HFC-134a production established in this study provides convenience for the relevant study of scholars. For the production of HFC-134a, this study helps to better identify the specific environmental hotspots and proposes useful ways to improve the environmental benefits.     

十氟戊烷的合成研究进展

介绍了十氟戊烷(HFC-310)的性能和用途,叙述了3种重要的同分异构体2,3-二氢十氟戊烷(HFC-4310mee),3,3-二氢十氟戊烷(HFC-4310mcf)和2,2-二氢十氟戊烷(HFC-4310mf)的合成方法.认为我国应利用四氟乙烯或六氟丙烯已实现大规模生产的基础上,深入研究HFC-4310的合成工艺,争取早日实现HFC-4310的工程化,满足国内市场需求.     

三氟乙醇合成与应用研究进展

介绍了三氟乙醇的物理和化学性质,叙述了三氟乙醇的不同合成方法及其在医药、溶剂、热力工质等领域的应用研究进展.认为我国应利用134a已实现大规模生产的有利时机,深入研究其中间体三氟氯乙烷水解合成三氟乙醇的工艺,争取早日实现三氟乙醇的清洁生产.     

Thermodynamic model for predicting phase equilibria of simple clathrate hydrates of refrigerants

In this communication, a thermodynamic model is presented for the study of the phase equilibria of clathrate hydrates of simple refrigerants. The van der Waals–Platteeuw solid solution theory is used to model the hydrate phase while it is assumed that vapor phase is an ideal gas of refrigerant ignoring its water content and the aqueous phase is considered as pure water (activity coefficient=1) ignoring aqueous solubility. The results through this model are successfully compared with the experimental data reported in the literature for clathrate hydrates of four refrigerants namely C₂H₂F₄ (1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane or HFC-134a or R-134a), C₂H₄F₂ (1, 1-difluoroethane or HFC-152a or R-152a), CH₂F₂ (difluoromethane or HFC-32 or R-32), and C₂H₃Cl₂F (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane or HCFC-141b or R-141b).     

HFC-125与CFC-115的分离方法

研究了含五氟氯乙烷(CFC-115)的五氟乙烷(HFC-125)混合物中提纯HFC-125的方法。并用萃取精馏法将其分离提纯。萃取剂可以是环己酮、乙腈、硝基甲烷、丙酮与环己酮的混合物,乙酸乙酯与乙酸丁酯的混合物或工业乙醇和乙酸乙酯的混合物。用这些萃取剂可将CFC-115/HFC-125体系的相对挥发度提高至2.7以上。富集了HFC-125的萃取液经简单分馏即可得到精制的HFC-125。萃取剂可反复使用。采用此工艺的萃取精馏塔理论塔板数可降低至20块以下。该工艺已获中国发明专利(CN1120828C),并已在千吨级生产装置上实际应用。