低碳铝镇静钢LF精炼过程钢中非金属夹杂物的研究

对LF精炼过程低碳铝镇静钢水中非金属夹杂物的变化进行了研究,发现在采用高碱度、强还原性炉渣条件下,Al2O3类夹杂物先向MgO-Al2O3系夹杂物并进而向CaO-MgO-Al2O3系夹杂物和CaO-CaS-Al2O3系夹杂物转变。在LF精炼结束时,钢中已基本没有对钢水可浇性影响最大的Al2O3系夹杂物,因此可以减少LF精炼后对钢水进行钙处理用的钙线量,以降低生产成本并减少由于钙处理而生成的大尺寸钙铝酸盐夹杂物的数量。     

含铈IF钢中含钛夹杂物的析出行为

通过热力学计算研究了IF钢中含钛夹杂物的形成过程以及铈对钢液中Al2O3夹杂物的变质机理,并采用扫描电镜、能谱仪观察和分析了IF钢和含铈IF钢中的含钛夹杂物。热力学计算和扫描电镜观察结果表明:TiN不能在熔炼温度下形成;在IF钢液凝固的过程中TiN以异质形核的形式生成并长大,生成TiN-Al2O3夹杂物;在含铈IF钢中TiN-Al2O3夹杂物被稀土铈变质为TiN-CeAlO3夹杂物,稀土铈减小了含铈IF钢中含钛复合夹杂物的尺寸。     

Effect of Ce on Inclusions and Impact Property of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

 The effect of Ce on inclusions and impact toughness of 2Cr13 stainless steel were studied by SEM and electron spectroscopy. Thermodynamic calculation was used to analyze the formation of RE inclusions in 2Cr13 stainless steel. The result shows that Al2O3 and MnS can be entirely replaced by Ce2O2S and CeS. Fracture is changed from cleavage to ductile fracture by adding Ce to the 2Cr13 stainless steel, and the spherical rare earth oxysulfide inclusions-Ce2O2S in the dimple are the main factors. The transverse impact value of 2Cr13 stainless steel has been improved obviously by rare earth. The transverse impact value of RE-2Cr13 is increased 55.46% at the temperature of -40℃, comparing with 0RE-2Cr13.     

稀土对等离子束表面冶金涂层组织的影响及热力学分析

 采用直流放电压缩电弧等离子束表面冶金技术，在Q235钢表面制备了添加混合稀土氧化物的铁基合金涂层，研究了稀土对等离子束表面冶金涂层组织的影响。结果表明：添加适量的混合稀土氧化物可有效改善冶金涂层的组织和性能。另外，采用热力学方法，分析了稀土氧化物对冶金层中夹杂物的变质作用。分析结果表明：在冶金熔池中，稀土氧化物(Ce2O3)可以被碳还原为稀土元素，这些稀土元素与氧、硫反应生成稀土硫氧化物，起到脱氧、脱硫和净化熔池的效果，从而抑制冶金层中凝固裂纹的形成。     

钙处理对成品无取向硅钢夹杂物特性的影响

通过取样检测结合热力学计算,分析了钙处理对成品无取向硅钢中夹杂物特征及硫化物夹杂的析出机制的影响。结果表明,钢中尺寸大于3μm的有害夹杂物主要是AlN、MgO-SiO2、CaO-Al2O3-SiO2类复合夹杂物及其与MgS、MnS、CaS的复合析出物。钙处理钢中没有检测到单独的Al2O3、SiO2及铝酸钙类夹杂物。钙处理钢中形成的液态3CaO·Al2O3、MgO·SiO2和Al2O3夹杂物被精炼渣吸收,改性去除了钢中大尺寸Al2O3夹杂物。钙处理钢中尺寸大于3μm的氧化物夹杂主要是含CaO和(或)CaS的Al2O3-SiO2类夹杂。硫化物在MgO-SiO2类氧化物表面的析出有利于其形貌趋于规则。钢中不同形貌的AlN夹杂物呈多尺度分布,钙处理对大尺寸AlN的析出特性影响不大。氧硫化物及其与AlN复合析出并定向长大的过程,与其晶体结构有关。氧化物夹杂的硫容量决定了其与硫复合的难易程度。钙处理钢中CaS在氧化物表面呈局部包裹析出和局部吸附析出。     

Research on Thermal Wear of Cast Hot Forging Die Steel Modified by Rare Earths

Thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steel modified by rare earths（RE） was studied and compared with commercially used die steels. The function of RE and the mechanism of thermal wear of cast steel modified by RE were discussed. The results showed that with increasing content of RE, the wear rate of cast steel reduced at first and then increased. By adding 0.05% （mass fraction） RE, the cast hot-forging die steel with optimum thermal wear resistance was obtained, which was better than that of H13 and 3Cr2WSV. The large amount of coarse inclusions, （RE）2O2S, resulted from excessive RE, which obviously deteriorated thermal wear resistance. The mechanism of thermal wear of the modified cast die steel is oxidation wear and oxide fatigue delamination. The wear debris are lumps of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.     

Morphology and Forming Mechanism of Rare Earth Inclusions During Solidification of Steel

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DY105高碳钢丝冷拔断裂分析和工艺改进实践

DY105钢丝(/%:0.90C,0.22Si,0.24Mn,0.012P,0.003S,0.002Ti,加入RE 0.10)的冶金工艺流程为40 t EAF-LF-VD-3 t铸锭-开坯180 mm×180 mm-轧制Φ6.5 mm盘条-500℃铅浴淬火-冷拔。DY105钢在冷拔过程出现断裂现象,经分析得出,断裂钢丝中出现部分针状马氏体组织和较多B类、TiN夹杂,是冷拔丝断裂的主要原因。通过将Al线脱氧改进成Al线+Al豆+C粉脱氧,软吹时间从15 min增至20 min,改进稀土加入方式,增加Φ6.5 mm钢丝铅浴时间等工艺措施,避免了该钢冷拔过程的断丝现象。     

H13钢中Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的形成机理及控制

 通过对保护气氛电渣重熔工艺和普通电渣重熔工艺H13钢的锻材成分、氧化物夹杂的组成分析,研究了电渣重熔工艺H13钢中Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的形成机理及控制问题,并通过Factsage软件对Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的各优势区进行了理论计算。结果表明,保护气氛电渣重熔工艺中氧质量分数较低,仅为0.001 5%,氧化物夹杂主要是MgO·Al2O3,1～3 μm的小尺寸占比达到了62.5%;普通电渣重熔工艺中氧质量分数较高,达到了0.002 4%,Mg-Al-O系夹杂物以72.5%Al2O3＋27.5%MgO·Al2O3为主,含有4%的5～8 μm大尺寸夹杂物,1～3 μm小尺寸占比仅为37.8%,尺寸偏大。钢液中镁、氧质量分数的变化对MgO·Al2O3的优势区域影响较大,高镁、低氧有利于MgO·Al2O3生成,减小H13钢中氧化物夹杂尺寸。但MgO·Al2O3会作为大尺寸碳氮化物(Ti,Nb,V)(C,N)异质形核核心,后期对此问题还要做进一步研究。     

Effects of Rare Earth Oxide on Viscosity of Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting

The effects of RE (rare earth) oxide on viscosity of mold fluxes were investigated with a rotary viscometer. The results show that : (1) The viscositv of mold fluxes is remarkably inereased by RE oxide addition, especially when the mass fraction of RE oxide is more than 10%. (2) By addition of RE oxide, precipitation of the insohlble particles with high melting point from the molten slag with the decreasing of the temperature leads to the inerease of viscosity. Viscosity curve shows that RE oxide is soluble in some extent in mold fluxes. When RE oxide is in a state of supersaturation, the existence of insoluble particles also makes the viscosity of mold fluxes increase. (3) Not only the viscositv of nlold fluxes can be reduced, but also the capacity to dissolve and absorb RE oxide can be increased by Li2O, B2O3 and BaO. However, the contents of Li2O, B2O3, and BaO should be controlled to suitable levels. (4) The solidification temperature of mold fluxes can be increased by the addition of RE oxide, which is unfavorable to heat transfer and luhrication of mold fluxes between steel shell and mold.     

Effects of Rare Earth on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Clean BNbRE Steel

The effects of REinsteel include cleaning,mod-ifyinginclusions and alloying[1 ~4]. With the develop-ment of steel-making and continuous casting process-ing,the fluctuation range of the composition of steelwas mini mized ,the cleanliness of steel was i mpr…     

精炼渣对高锰钢中非金属夹杂物的影响

 为了研究精炼渣对高锰钢中非金属夹杂物的影响，采用渣/钢平衡的试验方法研究了MgO SiO2 Al2O3 CaO系精炼渣对Fe xMn高锰钢(x=10%, 20%)中非金属夹杂物的影响。结果表明，无顶渣情况下，高锰钢中夹杂物主要为MnO类和MnO Al2O3类2类。加入精炼渣后，夹杂物类型发生了变化，主要有 MnO类、MnO SiO2类和 MnO Al2O3 MgO类3类，其中MnO SiO2类数量最多。采用ASPEX扫描电镜对夹杂物的平均成分进行分析，无顶渣时高锰钢中夹杂物的成分主要是MnO，质量分数在95%以上，并含有质量分数为4%左右的Al2O3。加入精炼渣后，夹杂物中MnO质量分数降低，SiO2质量分数显著增加，MgO质量分数增加。热力学计算结果表明，加入精炼渣后，渣/钢间反应4［Al］+3(SiO2)=2(Al2O3)+3［Si］和2［Mn］+(SiO2)=2(MnO)+［Si］的吉布斯自由能均小于零，这说明在本试验条件下，钢液中的［Al］和［Mn］会还原渣中SiO2，生成的［Si］进入钢液，进而与钢液中的［O］结合，导致夹杂物中SiO2增加。     

Ti-IF钢非金属夹杂物形核热力学和演变机理

通过热力学计算与SEM-EDS检测对酒钢BOFLFRHCSP工艺Ti-IF钢夹杂物形核的热力学进行了研究。结果表明,在Ti-IF钢中夹杂物形核主要是非均匀形核,最易形成TiN,其次为CaO,然后为Al_2O_3。温度升高有利于Al_2O_3、CaO的形成;TiN的形成受温度影响较小。Ti-IF钢中w([Als])控制为0.027%~0.055%时,w([Mg])只需大于0.000 015%,就会有镁铝尖晶石MgO·Al_2O_3(MA)析出。Ti-IF钢中夹杂物演变主要有3种途径,分别为尖晶石与硅酸钙的复合夹杂Al_2O_3→MA→MgAlCaSi、低熔点的铝酸钙夹杂Al_2O_3→CaO·6Al_2O_3(CA_6)→CaO·2Al_2O_3(CA_2)→CaO·Al_2O_3(CA)→3CaO·Al_2O_3(C_3A)/12CaO·7Al_2O_3(C_(12)A_7)以及钛的复合物或钛的化合物Al_2O_3→TiOx→Al_2O_3·TiOx和Ti→TiN/Ti(C,N)。     

Effect of Al2O3 modification on enrichment and stabilization of chromium in stainless steel slag

Spinel phase is considered to be the optimal phase for stabilization of chromium in stainless steel slag.In order to restrain chromium leaching from slag for the effective environmental protection,Al2O3 was utilized for the modification treatment,and the effects on the enrichment and stabilization of chromium were investigated.The mineral phases and the existence state of chromium in slag with various Al2O3 contents at different basicities (wCaO/w SiO2) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results showed that chromium mainly existed in the glass and spinel phases at basicity of 1.0 and 1.5.As the slag basicity increased to 2.0,chromium was also found in periclase phase.Al2O3 in the stainless steel slag reacted with MgO and Cr2O3,which could generate the Al-rich Mg(CrxAl1-x)2O4 solid solution.Moreover,the addition of Al2O3 was favorable to reduce the solubility of chromium oxide in liquid phase and suppress the precipitation of periclase phase.The experimental results demonstrated that Al2O3 modification has a positive influence on the enrichment and the stabilization of chromium in the stainless steel slag.     

钙处理对高碳铝镇静钢中夹杂物的影响

 为了研究高碳含硫铝镇静钢中夹杂物的控制策略,利用ASPEX自动扫描电镜研究了钙处理对高碳铝镇静钢中夹杂物形貌、成分等特征的影响。结果表明,钙处理后夹杂物并未由LF精炼结束时的MgO·Al2O3转变为低熔点钙铝酸盐,而是转变为[x(MgO·Al2O3)·(1－x)CaS]复杂成分体系,夹杂物中MgO/Al2O3的质量比维持在1[∶]3不变。原因在于,钢液中[w([S])/w(T[O])]比较高,导致钙主要与硫结合生成CaS,而较少参与MgO·Al2O3的改性;精炼渣碱度低使得钙无法还原MgO。在此基础上对钙处理时夹杂物的生成与转变机理进行了讨论。     

脱氧方式对高铝钢中非金属夹杂物的影响

摘要：为了研究不同脱氧方式对高铝钢中非金属夹杂物的影响,采用高温试验和热力学计算相结合的方法,对比分析了先SiMn后Al和先Al后SiMn两种脱氧方式下高铝钢中夹杂物形貌、类型、数量和尺寸特征。结果显示：先加入SiMn后,生成大量液态球形的Mn-Si-Al-O系复合夹杂物,再加入Al后夹杂物演变为Al2O3,且夹杂物数量明显减少;采用先Al后SiMn脱氧方式时,高铝钢中夹杂物始终以Al2O3为主,夹杂物最终数量相对较低。2种脱氧方式钢中夹杂物平均等效圆直径和尺寸分布相差不大。此外,采用先SiMn后Al进行脱氧时,发现尺寸较小的AlN颗粒附着在Al2O3夹杂物表面形成Al2O3-AlN复合夹杂物。而采用先Al后SiMn脱氧方式时,高铝钢中发现单一AlN夹杂物和Al2O3-AlN复合夹杂物,AlN夹杂物的形成与钢水中的氧势和合金原料有关。     

超低碳铝脱氧钢中FeOx对水口结瘤的影响

 为研究含FeO_x结瘤物的形成和演变,使用扫描电子显微镜-能量色散光谱仪对超低碳铝脱氧含钛IF钢的水口结瘤物进行分析。结瘤物分为凝钢层和主体层。由于氧化物形貌和成分的差异,结瘤物主体层呈现出明显的分层现象,从水口本体至钢液方向依次为呈交织网状的细长条状Al₂O₃、点状分布的单颗粒Al₂O₃、连绵成片的FeO_x-Al₂O₃和点状分布的单颗粒Al₂O₃。凝钢边缘存在主要成分为FeO_x、Al₂O₃和FeO·Al₂O₃的FeO_x-Al₂O₃复合物薄层。FeO_x-Al₂O₃薄层中,靠近凝钢的部分其Al₂O₃含量较高,相对远离凝钢的部分其FeO_x含量较高。热力学计算结果表明,1 536 oC钢液中[O]质量分数大于0.041 0%时,钢液中可以生成FeO和FeO·Al₂O₃。当水口内部钢液发生二次氧化时,钢滴会先生成FeO_x-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,然后FeO_x与钢滴内部的[Al]反应生成Al₂O₃,同时FeO_x-Al₂O₃复合氧化物会黏附外部的Al₂O₃。FeO_x在水口结瘤中起到黏结剂的作用。     

钙处理对涟钢高强机械用钢夹杂物的影响

对涟钢LG600/LG700XL冶炼过程中夹杂物的衍变机理进行分析,分批次试验研究了精炼渣性能和钙处理工艺对钢液洁净度和钢中夹杂物的影响。结果表明,在钙处理工艺下,夹杂物的衍变路线为Al_2O_3→MgO-Al_2O_3→Al_2O_3-CaO,中间包钢液中的夹杂物主要是Al_2O_3-CaO和Al_2O_3-TiO_x复合氧化物。取消钙处理以后,铸坯中氧的质量分数从16×10~(-6)降低到11×10~(-6)。两种工艺下,材样中绝大部分夹杂物都是核心为铝酸盐、外层为TiN的复合夹杂,钙处理工艺下夹杂物核心是Al_2O_3-CaO-CaS,取消钙处理工艺下夹杂物核心是MgO-Al_2O_3尖晶石。两类复合夹杂物尺寸都比较小(10μm),对钢材性能的影响有限。取消钙处理以后,钢液可浇性基本保持不变,没有发生水口堵塞,说明取消精炼过程中的钙处理工艺对涟钢高强机械用钢而言是可行的。     

添加Y2O3的ZrO2增韧Al2O3陶瓷抗钢液腐蚀性能的研究

采用工业ZrO2和AlO3为原料,以Y2O3作为稳定剂,通过适当工艺制备出ZrO2增韧Al2O3(ZTA)陶瓷.主要研究了ZrO2和Y2O3稳定剂对ZTA陶瓷烧结性和抗钢液腐蚀性能的影响.实验结果表明:机械混合法引入的Y2O3在改善ZTA陶瓷的烧结性的同时,可以提高材料的抗钢液腐蚀性能;随ZrO2含量的增加,ZTA陶瓷的抗钢液腐蚀性能增强;材料中大量微裂纹的存在可以提高材料的韧性,但抗钢液腐蚀性能有所下降.     

BOF-LF-CSP工艺生产SPHC钢的夹杂物演变

 通过热力学计算及转炉、LF炉、中间包、铸坯的系统取样与SEM、EDS等检测,对BOF-LF-CSP工艺生产的SPHC钢夹杂物在各工序的种类、数量、变性及组成进行了研究。结果表明,在BOF-LF-CSP过程中, 转炉终点夹杂物以Al2O3为主,在LF炉钙处理后钢水Al2O3夹杂的质量分数降低到铝处理后时的50%,出LF炉时钢中剩余的Al2O3夹杂基本完成了球化变性,并以铝酸钙复合物或硅酸盐结合的镁铝钙复合物为主,球化率约为72%;铸坯内夹杂物的平均粒径为5. 4μm、球化率为75. 8%。Al2O3经历了①Al2O3→CaO·6Al2O3→CaO·2Al2O3或CaO·Al2O3→12CaO·7Al2O3或CaO·3Al2O3;②Al2O3→MgO-Al2O3→MgO-Al2O3-CaO→MgO-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2的演变,正确合理的精炼工艺会使夹杂物充分上浮、球化及变形,提高钢水可浇性及钢材性能。