超临界水氧化装置氧化有机氯化物

超临界水氧化装置氧化有机氯化物ＣｈｅｍｉｅａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，１００［１２］，１７（１９９３）首座工业规模的超临界水氧化装置将在美国得克萨斯州的迪尔帕克建成。这座耗资６Ｍ美元、处理能力为５０００ｇａｌ／ｄ的装置可以处理多种污染物，包括废水中的...     

GC/MS法测定大气中挥发性有机污染物

介绍了用ＧＣ／ＭＳ法分析大气中挥发性有机污染物。以８种苯系物为试剂进行试验,结果表明：相对标准偏差小于９％,回收率大于９５％;当采样量为１０Ｌ时,８种苯系物的最低检出质量浓度均低于２μｇ／ｍ＾３。     

聚酯化纤废水中特征污染物含量与COD的相关性研究

研究了聚酯化纤废水中有机污染物乙醛、乙酸、乙二醇含量与ＣＯＤ之间的相关性，确定了ＣＯＤ与上述特征污染物含量的比值，并测定了它们的氧化率，为企业的生产工艺管理和 保管理提供了基础数据。     

不同混凝剂在水厂原水处理中的混凝效果比较

针对水厂原水水质情况，对4种不同混凝剂的污染物去除效果进行了试验对比，研究不同混凝剂用于水厂原水处理的混凝效果．为优化后续工艺提供依据。     

焦化厂蒸氨废水硫化物处理方法探讨

对焦化厂蒸氨废水中的有机物进行了ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析，发现酚类，吲哚，喹啉和硫醇是主要污染物成分。对旨在降低蒸氨废水硫化物含量的各种处理方法进行了比较。采用ＣＷＺ－０１吸附剂的吸附法能使废水中硫化物降至３０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。     

火电厂烟气连续监测系统评述

介绍了近年来广东省火电厂连续监测系统（ＣＥＭ）的现状,并对不同型号的ＣＥＭ性能进行了比较和评价,提出了ＣＥＭ存在的问题及改进建议。     

国外动态

国外动态去除污染物的新途径ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，１０３［３］，２１（１９９６）美国加州的ＳｏｎｏｍａＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ公司开发了一种电化学氧化废水中污染物的技术，它是通过电解水所产生的自由羟基来氧化有机污染物。该公司是第一个直接从水制...     

二氧化钛-累托石净水材料的制备及其净水性能评价

以天然累托石为载体，采用硫酸氧钛水解-沉淀反应法，并添加适量尿素作促进剂，制备了高活性的净水材料——TiO2-累托石活性粉体。由于Ti^4 和TiO2^ 离子进入累托石的层间，使其层间孔隙增大，其吸附活性明显增强，而且其表面负载的TiO2在紫外光作用下可降解水中的有机污染物。     

湿式氧化法处理乐果废水

采用湿式氧化法对乐果生产废水进行预处理,氧化温度２３０－２４０℃,压力６．０－７．０ＭＰａ,废水停留时间１ｈ在此条件下,有机磷的去除率可达９５％以上,有机硫的去经可达８２％,废水经湿式氧化,回收磷酸盐后再经生化处理,保持ＣＯＤ与有机硫的比值大于２５：１,ＣＯＤ去除率可达９０％。     

有机离子载入-复焙烧失法制备新型净水材料

探索了一种制备介孔复合净水材料的新方法——载入有机离子一复焙烧失法。通过实验得到的最佳工艺参数为：有机载入剂为CTMAB,有机载入剂(质量浓度5g/L)加入量4mL／g,有机离子交换反应时间2h,反应温度40℃,复焙烧失温度230℃,复焙烧失时间1．5h。在最佳工艺条件下制备的净水材料对色度为7400倍、COD为3040mg／L的染料废水的脱色率为98．9％,略优于杏壳活性炭的脱色率(98．2％);COD去除率为91．3％,与杏壳活性炭的COD去除率91．7％相差无几。净水材料的染料吸附量是添加剂升温烧蚀后产品的近85倍,是酸洗刻蚀后产品的近590倍,是原材料的900多倍,其对染料废水的净化能力整体优于杏壳活性炭。     

石油焦化冷焦废水封闭分离与利用技术

提出了一种多级降温冷凝-梯级污染物分离-组分机械纯化的集成石油焦化冷焦废水封闭分离与利用技术。将其应用于1Mt／a冷焦废水处理系统，运行结果表明，废水循环再生率、污油循环使用率、石油焦粉回收使用率、挥发性有机物回收利用率均达100％。与国内外同类技术相比，该技术具有冷焦废水处理效果好、投资小、经济和社会效益显著等优点，具有很好的推广应用前景。     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

TiO2在光催化降解水中有机污染物方面具有明显的优势。综述了pH、TiO2表面改性、载体、外加氧化剂及其他因素对TiO2光催化降解水中有机污染物催化活性的影响，讨论了光电催化 、太阳能利用等对光催化领域的推动作用，展望了这方面工作的发展方向。     

Industrial storm water pollution prevention: Effectiveness and limitations of source controls in the transportation industry

Industrial activities that are sources of pollutants in storm water runoff at typical facilities of the transportation industry are identified by site investigations at five facilities. This research then evaluates pollution prevention measures implemented to reduce those pollutants, as required by storm water regulations under the U.S. Clean Water Act. Activities that potentially generate storm water pollutants, particular to facilities of this industry, include: vehicle maintenance; vehicle fueling; vehicle washing; and activities on paved access roads and vehicle storage areas. Activities common to this industry, but also found in other industries, include: storage and handling of process materials and wastes; operation of industrial equipment located outdoors or exposed to storm water; and design and operation of site drainage facilities. Most control measures cited in the compliance documents of the facilities in the case studies were not developed specifically for storm water pollution prevention, but serve to reduce storm water pollutants as part of compliance with regulations for hazardous waste, wastewater, worker safety, or other purposes. Most identified control measures were operational practices or employee procedures, rather than structural facility modifications or devices to remove pollutants. Implementation of such measures is difficult to enforce or verify by regulatory agencies, and evidence at the case study facilities suggests that measures described similarly at different facilities are unevenly implemented and unequally effective at controlling storm water pollutants.     

Processes for water reclamation

Water treatments fall into two broad classes; those that remove or destroy specific classes of pollutants, i.e. color, metal ions, hardness, sediment, bacteria, etc., and those that remove water from nearly all of the pollutants. The first class includes sedimentation, biological treatment by microbes, chemical precipitation, adsorption on active carbon or ion exchange resins, and disinfection. The second class includes distillation, freezing and reverse osmosis (RO). The first class are the least expensive in terms of energy and have a long history of successful use on a large scale to reclaim water containing sewage. Most of the second group are energy intensive and have been used primarily on a moderate scale. All processes, except disinfection, leave a residual sludge or brine that contains a substantial quantity of water.Many of the problems of treating waste water for reuse on Earth stem from the fact that waste water carries pathogenic organisms from one location to another and may spread disease over long distances. In a closed group, such as in a Space Station, there are so many other routes for transfer of microorganisms, i.e. in the air, on surfaces, by hand-to-mouth, that undue emphasis on disinfection of water is inappropriate. Successful examples of water reuse on Earth are reviewed in terms of their possible application in space.     

The Identification of Xenobiotics in the New UK Context of Drinking Water Safety Planning and Related Environmental Legislation

Recent European environmental legislation (the Water Framework Directive, the Environmental Liability Directive, and the REACH Regulation) should provide better protection of terrestrial water bodies but their focus is on the more conspicuous pollutants, as opposed to the large number of xenobiotic micro-pollutants that are increasingly being detected in the urban water cycle. The development of Drinking Water Safety Plans (DWSPs), as promoted by the World Health Organization, utilises a proactive risk assessment—risk management approach that necessarily should include micro-pollutants, although currently in the UK micro-pollutants have largely been ignored. The generic assessment of the risks posed by micro-pollutants is proposed and will require a consensus on analytical screening methods, sampling points and frequencies, and a method for prioritising concern, and would enable DWSPs to take fuller account of the risks posed.     

焦化废水的污染物特征及处理技术的分析

重点分析了焦化废水中存在的特征性有机污染物,强调水质分析是焦化废水工艺选择的基础。针对焦化生产工艺过程的复杂性,探讨了蒸氨、焦油分离、粗苯回收及脱硫过程中典型有机污染物的来源和分布,提出焦化废水污染物源头控制的重要性和必要性。比较了焦化废水预处理、生物处理和深度处理各阶段的污染控制技术,强调技术创新与政策性引导有助于实现本行业污染控制和厂区清洁生产。     

成品油库污水处理装置提标改造

针对成品油库污水排放量不规律,水中难降解有机物和石油类含量高的问题,采用"预处理+生化处理+深度处理"三级处理工艺对油库原污水处理装置进行改造。改造后,预处理单元包括调节池、四级隔油池和溶气气浮机,将原一级隔油池改造为调节池,有效解决了油库短时间大量排水对隔油池的冲击;生化处理单元包括水解酸化池和内循环三相生物塔,在提高污水可生化性的基础上利用新型高效好氧污水处理装置对水中有机污染物进行有效去除;深度处理单元利用臭氧催化氧化塔和内循环曝气生物滤池对生化处理单元难以去除的有机污染物进行处理。经该组合工艺处理后,水中COD和石油类去除率分别达到97.5%和96.0%,处理出水各项指标均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级排放标准。     

石化综合污水生化处理中有机污染物的分析

运用GC-MS、紫外光谱及三维荧光光谱扫描技术考察了石化污水处理厂“水解酸化—厌氧处理—好氧处理”工艺的各单元出水中有机污染物的变化情况。总进水中检出84种主要有机污染物，主要含有烃类27种，酚类5种，醛、酯、醇和酮类化合物共24种，胺类4种，腈、有机酸及其他杂环化合物14种，另有10种物质未定性；该工艺的COD累积去除率达87.66%， 64种有机污染物被完全去除，17种有机污染物去除率可达90%以上，接触氧化池出水中主要含杂环化合物和少量醛、醇、酯类化合物。     

水体重金属-有机物复合污染的协同处理技术研究进展

重金属离子与有机污染物可以通过多种方式共同存在于水体环境中,形成复合污染。本文在简述重金属-有机物复合污染的来源和相互作用机理的基础上,详细阐述了现有的协同处理技术的研究和应用现状,分析了各种技术的原理、效果、优势以及缺陷,为进一步开发新型协同处理技术提供参考,对水体污染的防治具有积极意义。     

Substance-specific detection and pursuit of non-eliminable compounds during biological treatment of waste water from the pharmaceutical industry

Up to now comprehensive examination and assessment of the elimination behaviour of many different pollutants in biological waste water treatment failed above all because of limited possibilities to pursue polar organic compounds of anthropogenic and biogenic origin. In this case the behaviour of waste water constituents during the treatment of waste water from the pharmaceutical industry was studied with the help of mass-spectrometric detection (MS). After completest possible extraction and concentration by liquid/liquid and solid phase extraction (SPE) from samples of influent and effluent of a pilot plant, substance-specific determination and identification was done after chromatographic separation and with the help of mixture analysis, respectively. Separation by gas chromatography coupled with MS was applied to pursue the organic compounds, which are volatile without decomposition, during the waste water treatment process. Flow injection analysis (FIA) bypassing the analytical column combined with soft-ionizing interfaces served for screening of the polar compounds. Then they were separated by liquid chromatographic methods to recognize changes in the qualitative and quantitative compound spectrum. Mixture analysis by FIA combined with tandem mass spectrometry (FIA/MS/MS) was used for identification of the pollutants without previous chromatographic separation. A laboratory-made daughter ion library helped to identify some of the poorly eliminable pollutants detected. The presentation of the monitoring procedures applied was made in such a way that the treatment results were visually recognizable. Due to the use of time-saving FIA/MS, this method may serve for substance-specific monitoring of the treatment of possibly problematic waste waters. ©