不同盐胁迫处理下番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for screening and utilizing salt-tolerant tomato varieties as well as for cultivating salt-resistance.[Method] Salinity tolerance of tomato during seed germination under simple salt sodium chloride and double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress were studied by Petri dish culturing.[Result] As the two kinds salt concentration increased,the germination regularity,the germination rate,the germination index and the growing vigor index of tomato seedlings decreased,but the germination losing rate increased.When salt concentration was from 0.2% to 0.4%,there was little difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress.However,when salt concentration was from 0.6% to 1.0%,the difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress was significant.[Conclusion] Salinity tolerance of tomato seeds under double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress was higher than that under simple salt sodium chloride stress.     

Study on Salinity Tolerance of Tomatoes during Seed Germination under Different Salt Stress Conditions

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for screening and utilizing salt-tolerant tomato varieties as well as for cultivating salt-resistance.[Method] Salinity tolerance of tomato during seed germination under simple salt sodium chloride and double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress were studied by Petri dish culturing.[Result] As the two kinds salt concentration increased,the germination regularity,the germination rate,the germination index and the growing vigor index of tomato seedlings decreased,but the germination losing rate increased.When salt concentration was from 0.2% to 0.4%,there was little difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress.However,when salt concentration was from 0.6% to 1.0%,the difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress was significant.[Conclusion] Salinity tolerance of tomato seeds under double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress was higher than that under simple salt sodium chloride stress.     

Effects of Hypergravity on Salt Tolerance of Wheat Seedlings

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on salt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [Method] The seed germination rate (Gr) and germination index (Gi) of wheat seedlings were measured under hypergravity of 600×g or 1 000×g for 4 h and under the stress of 0.4% or 0.9% salt solution. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of wheat seedlings were also measured under 0.4% salt stress. [Result] Compared with seedlings in CK group (no hypergravity or salt stress),the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in salt stress treatment decreased to different extents; while the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in treatment group (hypergravity and salt stress) increased compared with that in salt stress group. CAT in seedlings of hypergravity treatment was higher than that of CK group and 0.4% salt treatment group,meanwhile the MDA showed an opposite result. [Conclusion] Hypergravity could enhance the salt resistance of wheat in specific range,and hypergravity of 600×g for 4 h performed better than that of 1 000×g for 4 h.     

超重力处理对小麦幼苗抗盐性的影响(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on salt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [Method] The seed germination rate (Gr) and germination index (Gi) of wheat seedlings were measured under hypergravity of 600×g or 1 000×g for 4 h and under the stress of 0.4% or 0.9% salt solution. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of wheat seedlings were also measured under 0.4% salt stress. [Result] Compared with seedlings in CK group (no hypergravity or salt stress),the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in salt stress treatment decreased to different extents; while the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in treatment group (hypergravity and salt stress) increased compared with that in salt stress group. CAT in seedlings of hypergravity treatment was higher than that of CK group and 0.4% salt treatment group,meanwhile the MDA showed an opposite result. [Conclusion] Hypergravity could enhance the salt resistance of wheat in specific range,and hypergravity of 600×g for 4 h performed better than that of 1 000×g for 4 h.     

Low Root Zone Temperature Exacerbates the Ion Imbalance and Photosynthesis Inhibition and Induces Antioxidant Responses in Tomato Plants Under Salinity

The combined effects of salinity with low root zone temperature （RZT） on plant growth and photosynthesis were studied in tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） plants. The plants were exposed to two different root zone temperatures （28/20℃, 12/8℃, day/night temperature） in combination with two NaC1 levels （0 and 100 mmol L-l）. After 2 wk of treatment, K＋ and Na~ concentration, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. Salinity significantly decreased plant biomass, net photosynthesis rate, actual quantum yield of photosynthesis and concentration of K＋, but remarkably increased the concentration of Na＋. These effects were more pronounced when the salinity treatments were combined with the treatment of low RZT conditions. Either salinity or low RZT individually did not affect maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry （Fv/Fm）, while a combination of these two stresses decreased Fv/Fm considerably, indicating that the photo-damage occurred under such conditions. Non-photochemical quenching was increased by salt stress in accompany with the enhancement of the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle, in contrast, this was not the case with low RZT applied individually. Salinity stress individually increased the activities of SOD, APX, GPOD and GR, and decreased the activities of DHAR. Due to the interactive effects of salinity with low RZT, these five enzyme activities increased sharply in the combined stressed plants. These results indicate that low RZT exacerbates the ion imbalance, PSII damage and photosynthesis inhibition in tomato plants under salinity. In response to the oxidative stress under salinity in combination with low RZT, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, APX, GPOD, DHAR and GR were clearly enhanced in tomato plants.     

盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)胁迫对番茄幼苗生长及过氧化物酶活性的影响(英文)

The growth situation and peroxidase (POD) of seedlings of two tomato cultivars were investigated under the stress of different concentrations of Cu2+ and Cd2+. The toxicity differences of Cu2+ and Cd2+ to tomato seedlings and the corresponding differences between two tomato cultivars were observed through the stress trial with the above two heavy metal ions. The results showed that low concentration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ could promote the growth and could enhance the POD activity of tomato seedlings,while high concentration Cu2+ and Cd2+ could inhibit seedling growth and POD activity of tomato seedlings. Cd2+ functioned more obviously than that of Cu2+,two tomato cultivars also presented difference in response to heavy metal stress.     

盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

Effects of Salt Stress on Fatty Acid Composition of Thylakoid Membrane of Two Rice Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

Identification and Functional Analysis on Abiotic Stress Response of SoybeanCl-Channel Gene GmCLCnt

The Cl^- homeostasis was known as the major mechanism of soybean to achieve NaCl tolerance, but studies on the role of chloride channel under abiotic stress were relatively few. We cloned a putative CLC-type chloride channel gene GmCLCnt from soybean via RACE and it was predicted to encode a protein of 783 amino acids with 9 possible transmembrane domains and 2 tandem CBS domains. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the GmCLCnt gene was expressed in all tissues of soybean but enriched in leaves and its expression was induced by NaCl, polyethylene glycol （PEG）, coldness and ABA treatments. The Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing GmCLCnt were more tolerant to higher concentration of NaCl than those of wild type. The results suggested that the GmCLCnt may be a CLC-type chloride channel and play an important role in salt tolerance.     

不同盐胁迫处理下番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性研究

[目的]为番茄耐盐种质资源的筛选、利用及设施抗盐栽培提供理论依据。[方法]采用皿内培养法,对NaCl单一盐和Ca(NO3)2、NaCl复合盐胁迫下番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性进行研究。[结果]随着2种盐浓度的增大,种子萌发的整齐度下降,萌发率降低,发芽受损率增加,发芽指数和幼苗活力指数下降;盐浓度为0.2%~0.4%时,2种盐胁迫处理下各指标差异较小,盐浓度为0.6%~1.0%时,2种盐胁迫处理下各指标之间差异显著。[结论]番茄种子对Ca(NO3)2、NaCl复合盐胁迫的耐性高于NaCl单盐胁迫。     

盐碱胁迫对不同苦瓜品种种子萌发的影响

[目的]为苦瓜耐盐资源的筛选、种质资源评价、耐盐育种及设施抗盐栽培提供理论依据。[方法]对4个不同品种苦瓜种子在Na+浓度依次为0、34.2、68.4、102.6、136.8mmol/L的中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na2CO3)溶液中的萌发情况进行研究,分别测定盐溶液对发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等指标的影响。[结果]NaCl处理下,随着Na+浓度升高,苦瓜种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、发芽指数均随Na+浓度的增加而下降;Na2CO3溶液处理下发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数也均随Na+浓度的增加而下降,且下降幅度大于NaCl处理;各苦瓜品种抗盐性大小为:X4>X1>X3>X2。[结论]Na2CO3对苦瓜种子胁迫除主要由Na+作用外可能与高pH值的作用有关。     

4个番茄品种耐盐性比较

[目的]通过4个番茄品种在种子萌发期和幼苗期耐盐性比较,确定最耐盐番茄品种。[方法]以4个番茄品种为试材,研究番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长期的耐盐性。[结果]随着Na Cl浓度的增加,4个不同番茄品种种子发芽率和发芽势下降,相对盐害率增加;植株株高和干物质积累量降低,盐害指数和干鲜比增加,根冠比呈上升—下降—上升的趋势;4个番茄品种在Na Cl浓度50 mmol/L以下的盐碱土可以正常生长,齐达利耐盐性最强,可在Na Cl浓度100 mmol/L正常生长,4个番茄品种耐盐性由高到低依次为齐达利、粉宴1号、美贝、3684。[结论]该研究为盐碱地番茄品种栽培和耐盐机理研究提供理论依据。     

不同钠盐浸种对NaCl胁迫下萝卜种子萌发的影响

[目的]为农作物的耐盐育种和栽培提供试验依据。[方法]通过不同钠盐浸种和NaCl溶液胁迫萌发试验,找出萝卜(Raphanus sativus L)种子抗盐的有效方法和耐盐程度。分别用浓度为200mmol/L的NaCl、NaHCO3、混合盐(NaHCO3,NaCl)3种溶液浸种,然后配置4种浓度的NaCl胁迫溶液:40、80、120、160mmol/L,分别对萝卜种子的萌发进行盐胁迫。[结果]混合盐浸种明显提高萝卜种子发芽指数和活力指数,促进幼苗生长。NaHCO3浸种明显抑制种子萌发,但明显促进侧根数目增多并提高了叶绿素的含量。促进种子萌发的影响因子顺序是:混合盐浸种>NaCl浸种>对照组>NaHCO3浸种。不同浸种方法处理,均表现出随NaCl胁迫溶液浓度升高,抑制种子萌发,而对幼苗生长的影响在NaCl胁迫溶液浓度较低时,随NaCl胁迫溶液浓度升高促进幼苗生长。相反,在NaCl胁迫溶液浓度较高时,随NaCl胁迫溶液浓度升高,抑制幼苗生长。[结论]混合盐浸种促进种子萌发和幼苗的生长。     

咸水胁迫对菘蓝种子萌发的影响及其耐盐阈值分析

[目的]研究咸水胁迫对菘蓝种子萌发的影响及其耐盐阈值。[方法]利用培养皿滤纸发芽试验,分析不同浓度地下咸水对菘蓝种子萌发的影响,通过相关性和回归分析,确定菘蓝萌发期的耐盐鉴定指标和耐盐阈值。[结果]咸水浓度低于0.4%时,菘蓝种子萌发基本不受影响,当咸水浓度高于0.6%时,菘蓝种子萌发的所有指标的相对值均受到明显抑制;相对发芽率与咸水浓度间呈线性关系且高度相关,大叶菘蓝和小叶菘蓝的耐盐阈值分别为0.66%和0.73%,可见菘蓝种子萌发期的耐盐性较强,小叶菘蓝的耐受性更高,适于在中、重滨海盐碱地种植。[结论]该研究为菘蓝资源的耐盐性鉴定及利用提供了理论依据。     

NaCl胁迫对几种耐盐作物种子萌发特性的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫对油菜、胡萝卜、番茄、甜瓜种子萌发的影响。[方法]采用培养皿发芽法。[结果]低浓度的NaCl溶液对4种作物胚根的生长均有促进作用。随着NaCl浓度的增加,种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发活力指数、胚根生长量均下降,当浓度大于200 mmol/L时出现较大幅度的下降。[结论]4个品种的耐盐能力依次为甜瓜>番茄>胡萝卜>油菜。     

不同品种甜瓜种子萌发对NO3-胁迫的响应及耐盐性评价

[目的]分析不同品种甜瓜种子在NO3-胁迫条件下的发芽性状及耐盐性,为甜瓜耐盐品种资源的筛选、改良和利用提供理论依据.[方法]以IVF117、ZY20、IVF198、RX8、FT7和CL 6个甜瓜品种为试材,通过培养皿发芽试验,分析不同浓度NO3-胁迫对其种子萌发、芽苗性状、渗透调节和根系活力等指标的影响,利用隶属函数法综合评价不同品种的耐盐性.[结果]低浓度(67.0 mmol/L)NO3-胁迫对各品种甜瓜种子发芽率、发芽指数及芽苗主胚根长、下胚轴长、胚根鲜重、水含量、相对电解质渗漏率、根系活力及耐盐指数等指标的影响较小,高浓度(201.0 mmol/L)NO3-胁迫对各指标的抑制作用明显增强;不同浓度NO3-胁迫处理的甜瓜种子胚轴粗度及胚根干重差异不显著(P>0.05).IVF117和ZY20种子的NO3-胁迫半致死浓度(LC50)较高,分别为229.36和182.57 mmol/L,CL的LC50最小,为124.34 mmol/L.耐盐性综合评价结果表明,IVF117和ZY20对NO3-胁迫的耐受性较强,IVF198、RX8和FT7对NO3-胁迫的耐受性中等,CL对NO3-胁迫较敏感.[结论]IVF117和ZY20为耐盐性甜瓜品种,可在NO3-盐渍化区域种植,且可作为优异耐盐甜瓜基因种源利用;IVF198、RX8和FT7耐盐性中等,CL耐盐性较弱,有待在生产中进行耐盐性改良.     

NaCl胁迫对3种饲草种子萌发的影响

【目的】研究新引进饲草品种的耐盐能力,分析其耐盐浓度范围,筛选耐盐能力强的品种,提高饲草产量和盐碱地利用率。【方法】以引进的饲料油菜、饲用甜高粱、紫花苜蓿新品种为研究对象,分别用不同浓度NaCl溶液0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%胁迫处理,测定7 d内的发芽率、发芽势、相对盐害率、发芽势盐害率、萌发指数。【结果】与对照0%处理相比,在NaCl浓度为0～0.4%时,3种饲草种子的发芽率、发芽势均无显著变化。饲用甜高粱在低盐胁迫时较敏感,NaCl浓度为0.4%时,相对盐害率为53.41%,萌发指数为28;NaCl浓度为0.8%,紫花苜蓿的发芽率最高,为96.67%。饲料油菜的发芽率次之,为93.33%。饲用甜高粱的发芽率最低,为75.33%,发芽势盐害率最高,为18.57%,盐胁迫抑制较明显,萌发指数最低,为20.89;NaCl浓度为1.2%时,饲料油菜的的发芽率最高,为83.33%,相对盐害率达100%,饲用甜高粱和紫花苜蓿的相对盐害率分别为93.4%和67.68%。NaCl浓度为1.6%时,紫花苜蓿的发芽率最高,为74.67%,盐害率最低,为81.61%。【结论】饲用甜高粱...