Mg-x％Zn-(Al)合金显微组织及力学性能

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和万能力学试验机研究了Mg-x％Zn(5、7、9、15和20％)二元合金和Mg-7Zn-4Al合金的显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:Mg-Zn合金铸态显微组织主要由α-Mg和沿晶界分布的Mg7Zn3共晶相组成.随着Zn含量的增加,Mg-Zn二元合金的抗拉强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,而伸长率呈逐渐下降的趋势.当Zn含量为7％时,合金的抗拉强度达到最大,为213.3 MPa;当Zn含量高于9％后,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率急剧下降.在Mg-7Zn基体合金中添加4％Al后,合金的显微组织主要由oα-Mg和Mg32(Al,Zn)49三元共晶相组成.合金的铸态力学性能相对于基体有所下降,但是热处理后抗拉强度得到显著提高,为305 MPa,相对铸态提高了57.8％.Mg-Zn合金中添加A1元素有利于合金的热处理强化.     

热挤压对7055铝合金力学性能及组织的影响

采用挤压铸造成形工艺制备7055高强铝合金,研究了热挤压参数对合金力学性能及微观组织的影响,并与铸态下的力学性能及微观组织进行了对比.结果表明,热挤压态下的7055铝合金的微观组织和力学性能均优于铸态,并且晶粒随着比压的增加趋于细化,抗拉强度随着比压的增加趋于提高.当比压为75 MPa时,在730 ℃温度下进行挤压浇注,经过双级固溶处理和时效后,合金的晶粒明显细化,抗拉强度达到681.4 MPa,伸长率达到7.14%.     

Bi含量对Mg-4Zn-Y合金组织和性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、金相显微镜、力学性能测试、腐蚀质量损失法、电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗测试研究了Bi含量对Mg-4Zn-Y合金的组织、力学性能以及在3.5％的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,Mg-4Zn- Y-xBi(x=0、0.5、1、2)合金的1铸态组织主要由基体α-Mg、三元Ⅰ相(Mg3 Zn6 Y)和Y5 Bi3组成,Bi的加入使合金晶界上半连续网状分布的f相变为分散的颗粒状,Y5Bi3相的数量随着Bi含量的增加而增多,尺寸也逐渐粗化.合金室温和高温(150℃)时的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率先随Bi含量的增加而增大,但当Bi含量过多时(2.0％),合金的综合力学性能反而下降.Mg-4Zn-Y-xBi合金的耐蚀性能随着Bi含量的增加而降低,其腐蚀速率为Mg-4Zn-Y合金的2～3倍.当Bi的加入量为2％时,台金的腐蚀电流达到最大,为0.913mA,耐蚀性能最差.     

ZK60镁合金ECAP变形组织及力学性能

在300℃温度下对ZK60镁合金进行了不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP).研究了ECAP挤压对合金显微组织、室温力学性能和高温抗蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体、Mg7Zn3相和MgZn相组成.等通道挤压可显著破碎层片状MgZn相并使其趋于弥散分布,同时基体组织也得到细化.挤压2道次后,合金的室温抗拉强度由170MPa增加到250MPa,伸长率由7％增加到17.7％.挤压4道次后,合金的伸长率进一步增加到20％,而抗拉强度却下降至242 MPa;合金的高温蠕变寿命由铸态1.4h延长到44.8h,稳态蠕变速率减小了约一个数量级.     

Bi含量对Al-Mg_2Si合金的微观组织及拉伸性能的影响

针对国家能源集团煤炭企业的采煤设备部件偶合器力学性能较差的问题,利用金相、XRD和力学性能测试等方法研究了Bi含量对铸态Al-Mg_2Si合金的微观组织及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,合金元素Bi对合金中的初生和共晶Mg_2Si均具有显著的变质效果。当Bi含量增加到0.3%时,初生Mg_2Si的形貌从粗大尖角多边形变成平角多面体形状,平均粒径从43μm下降至24μm;同时,共晶Mg_2Si相从迷宫状变为短纤维状或点状。当Bi含量超过0.5%时,共晶Mg2Si呈现出过变质现象。Bi可以提高合金的抗拉强度和伸长率;与未变质合金相比,添加0.5%Bi的合金抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了34.9%和90.5%。     

Nd、Ca对铸态Mg-Zn-Y合金组织与性能的影响

以Mg-3.0Zn-0.5Y合金为基体,分别添加1.0wt％Nd和0.6 wt％Ca,研究了Nd、Ca对铸态Mg-3.0zn-0.5Y合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加Nd和Ca的合金比不添加的合金晶粒略小;添加Ca的合金生成了金属化合物,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别下降了28.2％和79.6％;添加Nd的合金抗拉强度变化不大,伸长率降低16.8％.     

Nd元素对AM60镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究结果表明：加入少量的Nd元素后,合金的铸态组织得到了细化,网状的Mg17Al12相逐渐变得断续、弥散分布,同时也出现了针状的新相。随着Nd元素含量的增加AM60镁合金的抗拉强度,屈服强度及伸长率也都得到了明显的提高;当Nd元素含量达到1．2％时,其力学性能最好;随后随着Nd元素含量的增加,其力学性能降低。     

Zn、Y含量的变化对Mg-Zn-Y合金组织和性能的影响

以Mg6Zn2Y为基础研究了Zn、Y含量的变化对Mg-Zn-Y基合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明铸态下增加1%Zn的合金的组织变得粗大,抗拉强度降低约10%,伸长率降低25%;同时添加1%Zn和1%Y的合金组织明显细化,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高11%和17%;挤压后由于Y的加入形成了高熔点的化合物相,合金受这些相抑制,没有发生动态再结晶,力学性能因挤压变形得到不同程度的提高,对比分析Mg7Zn3Y合金拥有抗拉强度355 MPa和伸长率4.5%较好的综合性能.     

热处理对Mg-7Sn-4Al-2Zn-xSr合金的组织演变和力学性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、XRD和电子材料试验机研究了热处理对Mg-7Sn-4Al-2Zn-xSr(x=0,2,3,4)合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态和热处理后的Mg-7Sn-4Al-2Zn合金主要由α-Mg、Mg2Sn和β-Mg17Al12相组成,加入适量的Sr后,合金中形成新的Srx Mgy Snz相,组织得到了细化;合金经T6(固溶430℃保温12 h+时效250℃保温8 h)处理后,Mg2Sn和Srx Mgy Snz相更均匀的析出,弥散分布在晶界和基体中。当Sr含量为3 wt.%时,铸态和热处理态合金都表现出最佳的常温力学性能,铸态合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为197 MPa和5.6%,热处理后合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为207 MPa和8.6%,合金力学性能的提高主要是归因于晶粒细化和第二相弥散强化。     

Ca含量对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金铸态组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、XRD和SEM等手段,研究了Ca对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金铸态显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:Ca的加入对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金铸态的晶粒能够显著地细化.合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势.该合金中加入0.2wt％Ca细化效果最明显,其合金铸态时的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为为233MPa和13.33％.     

Effects of Sb Addition on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg–9Al–5Sn Alloy

The Mg–9Al–5Sn-xSb(x=0.0,0.3,0.6,1.0,1.5 wt%) alloys were prepared by a simple alloying process followed by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 28.2. The effects of Sb additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg–9 Al–5 Sn alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The results indicated that the phases α-Mg matrix, Mg_2_Sn, Mg_3Sb_2 and Mg_17 Al_12 exist in the as-cast Sb-containing alloys. Sb addition results in the precipitation of Mg_3Sb_2. The dendritic size of these alloys decreases with the addition of Sb. Both their ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of extruded alloys increase, and their elongation decreases gradually with increasing the content of Sb. The better mechanical properties of the as-extruded alloys were achieved due to the refined grains and the formation of dispersive second phases Mg_3Sb_2.     

Effect of Y on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg−4Li−3Al alloys

To obtain magnesium alloys with a low density and improved mechanical properties, Y element was added into Mg−4Li−3Al (wt.%) alloys, and the effect of Y content on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties was investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests. The results show that mechanical properties of as-cast Mg−4Li−3Al alloys with Y addition are significantly improved as a result of hot extrusion. The best comprehensive mechanical properties are obtained in hot-extruded Mg−4Li−3Al−1.5Y alloy, which possesses high ultimate tensile strength (UTS=248 MPa) and elongation (δ=27%). The improvement of mechanical properties of hot-extruded Mg−4Li−3Al−1.5Y alloy was mainly attributed to combined effects of grain refinement, solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening.     

ZM81-xSn (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10)变形镁合金的组织演变和力学性能

通过对不同Sn含量的ZM81合金的微观组织和力学性能的测得,研究了Sn在ZM81合金中的存在形式和作用机制及不同添加量对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：Sn元素主要以Mg2Sn共晶相形式存在,能够细化铸态组织;热挤压过程中,Sn添加能够起到抑制动态再结晶和晶粒细化的作用;T6处理,尤其是双级时效,能显著提升挤压态合金的力学性能,其中ZM81-4Sn合金具有最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为416MPa、393MPa和4.1%。实验合金高强度主要源于MgZn2和Mg2Sn析出相的双重时效强化效果;相比单级时效,双级时效态合金的析出相细小弥散,因此其力学性能更优。     

铸态和挤压变形态Mg-Zn-Al-Re镁合金的室温和高温力学性能

采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析、拉伸力学性能测试等手段比较分析了铸态和挤压变形态Mg-7Zn-3Al-0～0.7Re(质量分数,%)镁合金的室温和高温力学性能,探讨了稀土和变形加工对合金强度和塑性的影响规律。结果表明,适量稀土Er可以显著提高铸态Mg-Zn-Al合金的高温塑性,而稀土含量对合金室温力学性能和高温屈服强度影响不明显;挤压变形过程中动态弥散析出纳米级的球形析出相,显著提高Mg-Zn-Al-Er合金的高温力学性能,其200℃下的屈服强度和延伸率分别较铸态提高了105%和120%,断口显示其断裂方式呈明显的韧性断裂特征。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–(Nd)–Zr alloys with different extrusion processes

The effect of Nd addition and the in?uence of extrusion processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr(ZK60) and Mg–6Zn–1.5Nd–0.5Zr(ZKNd602) alloys were investigated. Nd element can obviously re?ne the microstructure of both as-cast and asextruded Mg–Zn–Nd–Zr alloy. All of the extruded alloys exhibit a bimodal grain structure composed of equiaxed?ne recrystallized(DRXed) grains and elongated coarse un DRXed grains. It is necessary to achieve high strength,particularly the yield strength, for ZKNd602 alloy, when it is extruded with a lower extrusion temperature, a suitable extrusion ratio and a relatively lower extrusion ram speed. In this study, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS) and elongation(El) of the extruded ZKNd602 alloy were 421 MPa, 402 MPa and 6.7 %,respectively, with extrusion temperature of 290 °C, extrusion ratio of 18:1 and a ram speed of approximate0.4 mm·s~(-1). Meanwhile, the extrusion process has obvious effects on the room-temperature properties but weak effects on the high-temperature properties.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy

Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloys were prepared through mixture method. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the as-cast and asextruded alloys were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), mechanical properties testing, and electrochemical measurement. The as-cast Mg–9Li–3Al–1.6Y alloy with the average grain size of 325 lm is composed of b-Li matrix, block a-Mg, and granule Al_2Y phases. After extrusion, the grain size of the as-cast alloy is obviously refined and reaches to 75 lm; the strength and elongation of the extruded alloy are enhanced by 17.20 % and49.45 %, respectively, owing to their fine microstructure and reduction of casting defects. The as-extruded alloy shows better corrosion resistance compared to the as-cast one, which may be related to the low stored energy and dislocation density in the extruded alloy, also the homogenization treatment before extrusion.     

变形态Mg-Nd合金的组织转变和拉伸性能特征

研究不同变形条件对Mg-2.2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金室温拉伸性能和组织的影响.经过不同条件的热挤压变形后,该合金的强度和延性都有不同程度的增加,屈强比从0.58提高到0.87左右.固定变形温度时,强度随变形速率增大而降低,延性反之.固定变形速率时,升高变形温度则强度降低,延性增加.弥散于晶界的Mg9Nd化合物细化了晶粒.变形态Mg-Nd合金的高温超塑拉伸研究发现,375℃是该合金的最佳超塑变形温度,应变速率在1×10-2s-1时,延伸率达到329%;当变形速率提高到2×10-2s-1时,该合金的延伸率仍可达到213%.分析不同真应变下的组织发现,在变形初期发生动态再结晶,晶粒得到破碎而变得细小,随着变形程度的增加,晶粒长大程度较小.在变形后的断口形貌中发现,Mg-Nd合金的超塑变形机制为晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制.     

Microstructures and tensile properties of as-extruded Mg-Sn binary alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xSn(x=3,7 and 14,mass fraction,%) alloys extruded indirectly at 300℃ were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and tensile test.The grain size of theα-Mg matrix decreases from 220,160 and 93μm after the homogenization treatment to 28,3 and 16μm in the three alloys after extrusion,respectively.The results show that the grain refinement is most remarkable in the as-extruded Mg-7Sn alloy.At the same time,the amount of the Mg2Sn particles remarkably increases in the Mg-7Sn alloy with very uniform distribution in theα-Mg matrix.In contrast,the Mg2Sn phase inherited from the solidification with a large size is mainly distributed along grain boundary in the Mg-14Sn alloy.The tensile tests at room temperature show that the ultimate tensile strength of the as-extruded Mg-7Sn alloy is the highest,i.e.,255 MPa,increased by 120%as compared with that of as-cast samples.     

挤压态Mg-6Zn-xEr合金的微观结构和力学性能

研究铸态、挤压态和挤压峰值态的Mg-6Zn-xEr合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,Er的加入可显著改善Mg-6Zn合金的力学性能,经过峰值时效后合金的力学性能得到进一步提高;挤压态Mg-6Zn-0．5Er合金经过峰值时效处理后具有最佳的拉伸强度。该合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为329MPa和183MPa,伸长率为12％。这表明添加0．5％Er可显著提高Mg-6Zn合金的时效硬化行为。挤压峰值态Mg-6Zn-0．5Er合金较好的力学性能归因于结构的细化和β1相的析出强化。     

Sr含量对Mg-Li-Al-Mn合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

利用真空感应炉在氩气保护下,设计与制备Mg-8Li-3Al-0.5Mn-xSr（x=0-1.0）合金,并将其进行热挤压处理。分别研究合金铸态与挤压态显微组织和拉伸性能。结果表明：LAM830合金主要含有α-Mg,β-Li,Al2Mn3和LiMgAl2相。在加入Sr后合金中出现Al-Sr析出相。Sr对铸态合金α-Mg基体的二次枝晶臂有明显细化效果。经过热挤压处理的合金组织远优于铸态的合金组织。金属间化合物的含量与形态对合金力学性能的影响很大,其中挤压态的LAM830-0.5Sr具有最佳的伸长率（22.43%）,LAM830-0.75Sr合金具有最佳的抗拉强度（265.46 MPa）。