基于纹理复杂度和差分的抗盲检测图像隐写算法

通过分析纹理复杂度对图像隐写分析的影响,提出一种基于纹理复杂度和像素差分的隐写算法。首先,将图像划分为大小相同的分块,通过分块中起点位置的不同计算分块中不同小块的纹理复杂度,选择复杂度最高的图像小块;然后,计算小块的相邻像素差分值,并根据秘密消息的长度和不同方向上的差分值分布确定嵌入阈值,在大于该阈值的差分值中嵌入秘密消息。对多种嵌入算法在不同图像库上做通用盲检测实验,实验结果表明,该算法在抵抗小波高阶统计量分析等盲检测算法能力方面,优于LSB匹配、图像边缘自适应嵌入等隐写算法。     

基于局部最大方差分割的图像二值化算法

本文着重论述了基于局部的阈值分割二值化算法。在阐述了几种基于局部的阈值分割算法后，重点讨论了作者提出的局部最大方差分割法，并比较了该算法与其它局部分割算法的分割效果。结果表明，该算法对目标与背景灰度混叠严重的图像具有很好的分割效果。     

微分进化的自适应彩色图像阈值分割

针对阈值的选择依赖于经验和试验的问题,提出了结合微分进化算法和二维最大熵算法得到图像自适应阈值的方法。该方法首先利用全局阈值法中的迭代法得到图像的阈值并初次对图像进行分割,然后利用微分进化算法并且结合二维最大熵阈值进行适应度的计算、个体编码、终断条件等计算图像的自适应阈值,最后对测试的图像应用微分进化算法实现对图像的正确分割。采用微分进化算法可以准确地对图像进行分割,是一个比较高效的方法,有效地提升了分割效果。与现有的自适应阈值分割算法相比,本文算法缩短了计算时间。阈值分割不仅可以对灰度图像进行分割,彩色图像也可以用阈值分割。     

广义模糊熵图像阈值分割参数选取的ADE方法

针对广义模糊熵图像阈值分割参数不能自动选取,提出自适应差分进化（Adaptive Differential Evolution,ADE）的广义模糊熵图像阈值分割方法。利用自适应差分进化算法作为优化工具来选取广义模糊熵阈值分割所需要的最佳参数,引入自适应变异算子和提出交叉概率自适应函数对优化过程进行控制,通过把参数带入广义模糊熵的补函数得到图像的阈值,进而得到图像最优分割。为验证其有效性与可行性,分别同基本图像质量评价准则的模糊熵图像阈值分割算法和粒子群优化广义模糊熵图像阈值分割算法相比较,实验表明,针对不同细节的图片,该算法所得分割结果多数情况下背景信息更少,目标信息更清晰,用时更短,分割更稳定且效果良好。     

基于自适应阈值的网格图像行分割算法

针对网格图像文字自动识别受网格横线影响的问题,提出将网格图像按照网格横线进行行分割的自适应阈值算法。在对网格图像行分割过程中,首先对灰度图像使用类别方差自动门限法(OSTU算法)取得图像二值化的阈值,将此阈值作为全局阈值对图像进行二值化操作。然后针对图像的二值化数据进行了水平投影,利用统计法取得行分隔的阈值,并结合行分隔阈值实现了网格图像行分割的算法。最后将算法在Matlab中进行了验证和分析。     

基于改进动态阈值的运动车辆实时快速检测方法*

提出了复杂交通环境下一种新的运动车辆检测方法。基于背景差分获得运动图像,利用自适应阈值选取方法分别对差分图像的三个颜色通道进行二值化,从而实现运动目标的精确检测。根据检测结果,采用中值更新方法实现背景图像的实时更新。实验结果表明,这种基于改进动态阈值和自适应背景相结合的快速检测算法可以从复杂交通场景图像序列中快速有效地检测出运动目标,能够很好地满足智能交通监控系统中运动车辆实时检测的要求。     

自适应差分进化算法优化BP神经网络的时间序列预测

针对BP神经网络学习算法随机初始化连接权值和阈值易使模型陷入局部极小点的缺点,设计了一种自适应差分进化算法优化BP神经网络的混合算法。该混合算法中,差分进化算法采用自适应变异和交叉因子优化BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值,再用预寻优得到的初始权值和阈值训练BP神经网络得到最优的权值和阈值。首先对改进的自适应差分进化算法运用测试函数进行性能测试,然后用一个经典时间序列问题对提出的混合算法进行了检验,并与一般的神经网络、ARIMA预测模型及其它混合预测模型进行了对比,实验结果表明,本文提出的混合算法有效并且明显提高了预测精度。     

基于进化规划的最大类间方差的图像分割算法

图像分割是计算机视觉中一个关键的技术.在分析了最大类间方差算法(Ostu算法)求阈值进行图像分割以及进化规划原理的基础上,提出了一种自动阈值选取的图像分割的算法.该算法以灰度图像的灰度最大类间方差作为适应度值,将图像分割问题看作为一个全局数值优化问题,利用进化规划全局寻优和快速计算的特点,搜索一个最佳阈值用于图像分割.最后基于实例对其与传统Ostu算法进行性能比较和效果验证.结果表明,本方法在图像分割过程中具有速度快,效果好的特点.     

一种基于高维矩阵变换的混沌图像加密

提出了一种基于Henon混沌系统和高维准对角矩阵变换的图像加密算法.由初始密钥控制二维Henon混沌映射生成两个置换矩阵和多个环上二阶可逆矩阵.利用获得的置换矩阵结合两类平移变换置乱原始图像;进一步,以二价可逆矩阵为子矩阵构造高维准对角矩阵,再对置乱密文进行高维矩阵变换(模运算)实现灰度值替代二次加密.仿真实验结果表明,该算法易于实现,加密效果理想,对密钥和明文具有敏感依赖性,安全性高。     

基于演化算法的图像二值化算法研究*

针对传统二值化方法的搜索时间长、图像保真度差等缺陷,利用演化算法具有搜索速度快、图像保真度高、全局寻优等特点,来解决图像二值化阈值难以选取的问题。以车牌图像的二值化为例,针对图像的复杂特征设计出图像演化染色体的编码、交叉、变异等演化操作算子,进而建立求解图像二值化阈值的适应值函数。数据实验表明,与传统的算法相比,利用演化算法求解车牌图像二值化阈值时,其搜索速度快、图像保真度高,能够更有效地进行图像识别和图像处理。     

A hybrid differential evolution for optimal multilevel image thresholding

Image thresholding is a process for separating interesting objects within an image from their background. An optimal threshold’s selection can be regarded as a single objective optimization problem, where obtaining a solution can be computationally expensive and time-consuming, especially when the number of thresholds increases greatly. This paper proposes a novel hybrid differential evolution algorithm for selecting the optimal threshold values for a given gray-level input image, using the criterion defined by Otsu. The hybridization is done by adding a reset strategy, adopted from the Cuckoo Search, within the evolutionary loop of differential evolution. Additionally a study of different evolutionary or swarm-based intelligence algorithms for the purpose of thresholding, with a higher number of thresholds was performed, since many real-world applications require more than just a few thresholds for further processing. Experiments were performed on eleven real world images. The efficiency of the hybrid was compared to the cuckoo search and self-adaptive differential evolution, the original differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, and artificial bee colony where the results showed the superiority of the hybrid in terms of better segmentation results with the increased number of thresholds. Since the proposed method needs only two parameters adjusted, it is by far a better choice for real-life applications.     

基于鲁棒图像水印的文本信息加密技术

通过利用一个新视觉模型计算图像分块的临界噪声阈值矩JND阵,提出了一个基于分块DWT的图像自适应公开水印技术的文本信息加密算法。该算法以一个文本文件为水印,先对文本文件进行Reed-Solomon纠错编码,再转换为二值序列作为水印,并进行随机置乱。然后在原图像8×8分块的Hilbert扫描序列中选取两相邻块分别进行一层DWT,再根据各分块JND阈值,不同强度地调整两相邻块各对应细节子带均值之间的大小关系以自适应地嵌入水印。实验结果表明,即使在较低的峰值信噪比下嵌入水印也具有很好的透明性,同时,该算法对16种常见图像攻击有较高的鲁棒性,特别是信号增强操作处理几乎不影响加密信息的正确提取。     

A Context Sensitive Multilevel Thresholding Using Swarm Based Algorithms

In this paper, a comprehensive energy function is used to formulate the three most popular objective functions: Kapur's, Otsu and Tsalli's functions for performing effective multilevel color image thresholding. These new energy based objective criterions are further combined with the proficient search capability of swarm based algorithms to improve the efficiency and robustness. The proposed multilevel thresholding approach accurately determines the optimal threshold values by using generated energy curve, and acutely distinguishes different objects within the multi-channel complex images. The performance evaluation indices and experiments on different test images illustrate that Kapur's entropy aided with differential evolution and bacterial foraging optimization algorithm generates the most accurate and visually pleasing segmented images.      

Image Thresholding by Maximizing the Index of Nonfuzziness of the 2-D Grayscale Histogram

Image segmentation plays an important role in various image processing applications including robot vision and document image analysis and understanding. In contrast to classical set theory, fuzzy set theory, which takes into account the uncertainty intrinsic to various images, has found great success in the area of image thresholding. In this paper, an image thresholding approach based on the index of nonfuzziness maximization of the 2-D grayscale histogram is proposed. The threshold vector (T, S), where T is a threshold for pixel intensity and S is another threshold for the local average of pixels, is obtained by an exhaustive searching algorithm. In this approach, the difference between these two components (T and S) is guaranteed to be within a relatively small range, which leads to reasonable results from the viewpoint of human vision perception. This cannot be achieved in certain entropy-based methods. Experimental results have shown that our proposed approach not only performs well and effectively but also is more robust when applied to noisy images.     

侧扫声纳图像的NSCT域模极大值边缘检测

侧扫声纳图像边缘检测较困难,为此,提出一种针对该图像特点的多尺度边缘检测方法。对侧扫声纳图像进行非下采样Contourlet变换(NSCT)分解,根据斑点噪声在NSCT域的分布特点,进行局部自适应去噪。通过各方向子带沿边缘方向的插值和非极大值抑制寻找模极大值点。通过类内方差最小化法自适应确定阈值,由阈值处理得到各子带的边缘。经边缘融合实现完整的边缘图。实验结果表明,该方法具有边缘检测完整、定位准确、伪边缘点少等优点。     

Multi-level image thresholding by synergetic differential evolution

The multi-level image thresholding is often treated as a problem of optimization. Typically, finding the parameters of these problems leads to a nonlinear optimization problem, for which obtaining the solution is computationally expensive and time-consuming. In this paper a new multi-level image thresholding technique using synergetic differential evolution (SDE), an advanced version of differential evolution (DE), is proposed. SDE is a fusion of three algorithmic concepts proposed in modified versions of DE. It utilizes two criteria (1) entropy and (2) approximation of normalized histogram of an image by a mixture of Gaussian distribution to find the optimal thresholds. The experimental results show that SDE can make optimal thresholding applicable in case of multi-level thresholding and the performance is better than some other multi-level thresholding methods.     

结合实数编码遗传算法的模糊阈值方法

提出了一种新的结合实数编码遗传算法的模糊阈值分割方法。结合遗传算法内在并行运算的特点，此方法在选取多阈值时的效率明显高于传统的模糊阈值法。适应度函数中引入一个新的衡量分割结果的连通性的因子——连通度，克服了传统阈值方法中未考虑像素空间拓扑关系的缺陷。实验证明，此方法比传统模糊阈值方法在运行效率和分割子区域的空间连通性上都有很大程度的改进。     

基于细胞神经网络的图像阈值化方法*

图像阈值化是一种经典、简单而又非常有效的图像分割方法,并已得到了广泛的研究。在分析灰度图像直方图分布的基础上提出了一种基于细胞神经网络（CNN）结合直方图分析的图像阈值化方法,并给出了阈值化CNN所需阈值的自动搜索算法。实验结果表明,相对于其他两种经典的阈值化方法,该方法的阈值化分割结果较好。     

灰度图像二维最小类方差递推及差分演化的快速分割

为克服Otsu法阈值偏离及一维最小类方差法在含噪图像分割中性能不佳的问题,基于图像灰度级二维直方图,提出一种二维最小类方差快速阈值化方法.通过递推方式计算得到图像前景及背景在不同阈值向量上的灰度级类概率及类均值,在此基础上,应用差分演化算法搜寻使图像类方差最小的阈值向量,并用该阈值向量对图像实施分割.在合成及真实图像上的实验结果表明,采用文中方法可获得良好的分割性能,有效地克服了Otsu法及一维最小类方差法的不足;采用递推及差分演化算法使计算时间大幅降低,可满足工程应用需求.     

Phase-based optimal image thresholding

The automatic binarization of gray-level images or the automatic determination of an optimum threshold value that separates objects from their background is still a difficult and challenging problem in many image processing applications. The difficulty may arise due to a number of factors, including, poor contrast, high noise to signal ratio, complex patterns, and/or variable modalities in the gray-scale histograms. In this paper an algorithm for determining an optimum image thresholding value is proposed. Phase correlation between the gray-level image and its binary counterpart is defined as a function of the thresholding parameter. The optimum thresholding problem is then constructed as a problem of optimization where the objective is to find a threshold value that maximizes the phase correlation between the two images. Experimental results to compare the proposed algorithm to the various thresholding techniques are also presented.