淅川钒矿以NaCl和MnO2为添加剂的钠化焙烧过程研究

通过正交试验法研究了淅川钒矿以ＮａＣｌ和ＭｎＯ＿２为添加剂的钠化焙烧过程。得出了ＮａＣｌ添加量８％～１０％，ＭｎＯ＿２添加量１．４％、焙烧温度８００℃、焙烧时间３ｈ的最佳焙烧工艺条件。在该条件下钒的焙烧转浸率为７９％～８０％（酸浸）。还通过差热热重分析研究了该矿在钠化焙烧过程中的热学性质及ＭｎＯ＿２对ＮａＣｌ分解速率的影响。结果表明，在钒矿钠化焙烧过程中添加ＭｎＯ＿２能加速ＮａＣｌ分解，改善体系的焙烧性能。     

钠化焙烧钒渣时氯化挥发镓的实验研究

本研究在２００～１０００℃范围内对单独加ＮａＣｌ以及同时添加ＮａＣＯ３和ＮａＣｌ焙烧钒渣时镓的氯化挥发规律进行了探索。只添加ＮａＣｌ与钒渣混合焙烧，镓挥发率（ηＧａ）随ＮａＣｌ添加量增加而提高，但提高趋势不大，且钒转化为水溶性的比率很小。同时添加Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和ＮａＣ１与钒渣混合焙烧，在配料比Ｗ钒渣／（ＷＮａ２ＣＯ３＋ＷＮａＣｌ）＝８／２，ＷＮａ２ＣＯ３／ＷＮａＣｌ＝２时，８００℃下焙烧１小时，钒转     

钠化焙烧钒渣时氯化挥发镓的热力学分析

本文讨论了６００～１２００Ｋ范围内使用ＮａＣｌ作为添加剂焙烧钒渣时氯化发镓的热力可靠性。结论是：氯氧比的大小与溶性钒酸钠生成有直接联系，ＮａＣｌ和Ｎａ２Ｏ。Ｖ２Ｏ５平衡时的氯氧比最大；在氯化钠作用下，镓主要生成ＧａＣｌ３挥发，计算得到的ＧａＣｌ３的生成压相当大。     

NaCl－KCl熔盐系中硫化铅直接电解研究

报道了硫化铅在等摩尔ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ及ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ－Ｎａ＿２Ｓ熔盐体系中直接电解的初步研究结果。     

用NaCl对含镓钒渣进行氯化焙烧提取镓的研究

将含镓钒渣与ＮａＣｌ和碳粉混合，在５００～１３００℃下进行氯化焙烧实验以提取钒渣中的镓。实验结果表明，焙烧温度对Ｇａ２Ｏ３的氯化反应有显著的影响，Ｇａ２Ｏ３的氯化率随焙烧温度和ＮａＣｌ用量的增加而提高。在１２００℃、ＮａＣｌ和碳粉用量分别为２０％和５％条件下，对含镓钒渣进行了焙烧，钒渣中Ｇａ２Ｏ３的氯化率在７０％以上。     

用NaCl对含镓钒渣进行氯化焙烧提取镓时气相氧分压的影响

通过Ｖ－Ｇａ－Ｃｌ－Ｏ系优势区图、气相平衡组成计算和实验室研究，对用ＮａＣｌ与含镓钒渣混合焙烧提取镓时，气相氧分压产生的影响进行了分析讨论。１１２３Ｋ下Ｖ－Ｇａ－Ｃｌ－Ｏ体系的优势区图表明，在焙烧时应控制维持一定的气相氧分压，以使钒查中ＦｅＶ２Ｏ４氧化并与ＮａＣｌ作用生成水溶性钒酸钠，同时释放出氯气化钒渣中的Ｇａ２Ｏ３。在对钒渣用ＮａＣｌ进行焙烧实验时发现，当气相ｐｏ２低于０．００５ＭＰａ时Ｇａ２     

CeCl_3—SrCl_2—NaCl三元体系相图的研究

利用ＤＴＡ研究了ＣｅＣｌ＿３－ＳｒＣｌ＿２－ＮａＣｌ三元体系相图。结果表明：本体系属简单低共熔体系。相图内有对应于ＣｅＣｌ＿３、ＳｒＣｌ＿２和ＮａＣｌ三个液相面，三条二次结晶线和一个三元低共熔点以３４．７ｗｔ－％ＣｅＣｌ＿３，４３．６ｗｔ－％ＳｒＣｌ＿２，２１．７ｗｔ％ＮａＣｌ，４８８℃）。     

钠化焙钒渣同时加碳氯化挥发镓的研究

考察了低温４００℃和中国温８００℃条件下，添加活性碳及液体含碳物纸浆与钒渣、ＮａＣｌ和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３混合焙烧时氯化挥发镓及钒转化为水溶性钒的情况。本实验得到的最高ηＧａ为３５．１％。焙烧料中不含Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和焙烧温度为４００℃时，钒转化为水溶性钒的比率（ηｖ．ｔ）较低。纸浆添加比Ｌ纸浆为０．０５ｍＬ／ｇ、配料比ＷＮａ２ＣＯ３／ｗＮａＣｌ＝２时，可望同时得到较高的ηＧａ和ηｖ．ｔ。     

NaCl-KCl(1∶1)-ScCl_3体系电导率及初晶温度的测定

采用交流电桥法测定了ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ（１∶１）－ＳｃＣｌ３体系的电导率，给出了电导率与温度的回归方程并计算了电导活化能；采用差热分析法测定了该体系的初晶温度。     

锂云母与NaCl及NaCl－CaCl_2的相互作用

锂云母与ＮａＣｌ及ＮａＣｌ－ＣａＣｌ＿２的相互作用虞宝煜，毕玉峰（北京有色金属研究总院１０００８８）ＮａＣｌ作为氯化剂早已得到应用￣［１］，但与锂云母的高温反应并没有人进行过研究。本文着重探讨ＮａＣｌ作为锂云母的氯化剂的可能性。（一）热力学分析由于锂...     

Swelling of collagen fibers in neutral salt solutions (author's transl)

When applying various concentrations of NaC104 (0.15-7 M) to tendon fibres from rat tails, we found denaturation beginning at 2M, and with increasing concentration a linear increase of the maximal contraction tension and an expoential shortening of the contraction time down to a minimal value of 7.5 min. In a second group of experiments we investigated the weight changes of tendons of old (26-30 months) and young (8 months) rats treated with 5M NaC104 and compared the weight curves and the tension curves. We found an increase in weight up to 900% as the tension decreased. This indicates a connection between the swelling and the relaxation of collagen fibres. Other solutions of neutral salts (5M NaC103, NaC1; 0.15 M NaC104, NaC103, NaC1) tested on young and old tendons did not produce any tension nor other visible changes. The weight curves show an immediate increase up to about 200% which remains constant and which is low compaired with the effect of 5M NaC104. The reason for the contraction of tendon fivres seems to be the denaturation caused by the increased lipophilia of the aqueous salt solutions, while the relaxation is merely the result of the subsequent swelling of the collagen fibre.     

Neonatal chorda tympani transection alters adult preference for ammonium chloride in the rat.

The immature gustatory system of the neonatal rat is characterized by sensitivity to disruption by early interventions such as receptor or nerve damage. The present studies examined the effect of chorda tympani transection (neoCTX) of neonates on adult preference for salt and nonsalt stimuli. NeoCTX at 10 days of age led to a striking change in adult rats' preference for NH?C1 solutions but little change in preference for other solutions, including NaC1 and KC1. Permanent anatomical effects of neoCTX included failure of the nerve to regenerate and a loss of all fungiform taste buds. Preference for NH?C1 was not due to an inability to discriminate it from NaC1. Following taste aversion conditioning to NaC1, neoCTX rats clearly distinguished between NaC1 and NH?C1. The effects on NH?C1 preference reflect a sensitive period during development because adult rats receiving similar surgery did not show any change in NH?C1 preference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

低钒铁水提钒炼钢工艺分析

阐述了攀成钢公司转炉炼钢厂进行低钒铁水提钒工艺及应用情况。通过对冷却剂加入量、过程温度控制、吹炼时间等工艺参数的有效控制,可以使钒渣品位达到8%以上,半钢[V]在0.050%以下,从而达到钒资源的有效利用。     

钒新技术及钒产业发展前景分析

简要分析了国内外钒资源的情况与利用状况以及当前该领域已经取得的主要成绩。认为中国有比较丰富的钒资源,国家鼓励钒产业的发展,钒产品有比较稳定的市场需求,应该做好、做强钒产业。指出利用钒钛磁铁矿为原料提取氧化钒的清洁生产工艺可实现提钒废水和提钒尾渣闭路循环使用,解决了潜在的高氨氮—高钠盐提钒废水的污染问题,该项目的开发成功对全球钒产业将是一次革命性的技术创新,清洁、高效钒生产新技术是今后的发展方向。     

废钒催化剂提取钒工艺优化研究

某公司每年更换下来的废钒催化剂约100t,这些废钒催化剂若不经处理,不仅占用大量仓储资源,而且这些废钒催化剂中的有毒有害成分,会随雨水不断冲刷而逐渐由地表渗入地下,毒害地面上的植被,既破坏土壤的结构,又污染地下水资源。目前处理废钒催化剂的工艺是生产钒渣工艺和生产五氧化二钒工艺。通过对比两种工艺进行优化,优选钒渣工艺流程。得出结论:采用工艺简单、无环境危害的钒渣提取工艺,使废钒催化剂中的有价金属得到充分利用,不仅可以解决废钒催化剂的环境污染问题,而且每年可创造一定的经济效益。     

某地浮选难处理金矿提金工艺探索试验研究

以浮选难处理金矿产焙砂为原料,试验氰化工艺提金效率可达55％,硫脲法提金效率可达60．34％,均较低。而试验氯化工艺时,研究出当盐酸加入量1．3倍（焙砂Fe理论耗量倍数）、氯化钠加入量90g/L、氯酸钠加入量为矿样量的10％,浸出时间6h和浸出温度85％时的浸金效率最佳可达87％。通过对氯化提金工艺进行简单热力学分析,得出增加盐酸和氯化钠的含量有利于氯酸钠浸金。     

Performance of the lift ventricle in left ventricular obstructive cardiomyopathy

Whether volume expansion influences NaC1 reabsorption by the diluting segment of the nephron remains a matter of controversy. In the present studies this question has been examined in normal unanesthetized dogs, undergoing maximal water diuresis. Free water clearance (CH2O/GFR) has been used as the index of NaC1 reabsorption in the diluting segment. Three expressions have been employed for "distal delivery" of NaC1: a) V/GFR, designated as the "volume term"; b) (CNa/GFR + CH2O/GFR), the "sodium term;" and c) (CC1/GFR + CH2O/GFR), the "chloride term". The validity of these terms is discussed. Three techniques were used to increase distal delivery: 1) the administration of acetazolamide to dogs in which extracellular fluid (ECF) volume was not expanded (grop 1); 2) "moderate" volume expansion (group 2); and 3) "marked" volume expansion (group 3). CH2O/GFR increased progressively with rising values for "distal delivery" regardless of which term was used to calculate the latter. With all three delivery terms, differences in distal NaC1 reabsorption emerged between the two volume-expanded groups, though only with the "chloride" term did substantial differences also emerge between the nonexpanded group 1 dogs and both volume-expanded groups. In group 1, values for CH2O/GFR increased in close to a linear fashion up to distal delivery values equal to 24% of the volume of glomerular filtrate. However, at high rates of distal delivery the rate of rise of CH2O/GFR was less in group 2 than in group 1 and the depression of values was even greater in group 3. Within the limits of the techniques used, the data suggest that volume expansion inhibits fractional NaC1 reabsorption in the diluting segment of the nephron in a dose-related fashion. The "chloride" term was found to be superior to the "volume" and "sodium" terms in revealing these changes.     

氯酸钠对金氰化浸出的影响

本文简介了NaC1O3氧化剂提高难浸金浸出率的研究成果。通过NaC1O3的添加，金的浸出率比直接氰化浸出时提高了65％，解决了该矿石金提取难的问题。     

Decomposition Reaction of Mixed Rare Earth Concentrate and Roasted with CaO and NaCl

The reaction of the mixed rare earth concentrate including monazite ( REPO4 ) and bastnaesite ( REFCO3 )decomposed by CaO and NaCl additives at the temperature range from 100 to 1000 ℃ was studied by means of XRD and TG-DTA.The results show that when CaO and NaCl are not added, only REFCO3 can be decomposed at the temperature of 377 ～ 450 ℃.The decomposition products include REOF, RE2O3 and CeO2.However, REFCO3 can not be decomposed.When CaO is added, the decomposition reactions occur at the temperature range from 660 to 750 ℃.CaO has three decomposition functions: ( 1 ) REPO4 can be decomposed by CaO and the decomposition products include RE2O3 and Ca3 (PO4)2; (2) CaO can decompose REOF, and the decomposition products are RE2O3 and CaF2; (3)CaO can decompose REPO4 with CaF2, and the decomposition products are RE2 O3, Ca5 F( PO4 )3.The decomposition ratio of the mixed rare earth concentrate increased obviously, when CaO and NaC1 were added.NaC1 can supply the liquid for the reaction, improve the mass transfer process and accelerate the reaction.At the same time, NaC1 participated in the reaction that REPO4 was decomposed by CaO.     

钒渣钙化酸浸液制备高纯V2O5的工艺研究

钒电解液是钒电池储能系统的关键材料,钒电解液中Mn,Cr,Ti等杂质元素含量对钒电池性能影响很大。高纯V₂O₅作为钒电解液的重要原料,主要从钒渣钠化焙烧-水浸或者钙化焙烧-酸浸两种工艺获得。本文选取钙化焙烧-酸浸含钒浸出液进行研究,针对其中Mn,Cr,Ti等杂质离子的除杂,形成浸出液水解沉钒—碱溶和净化—铵盐沉钒—煅烧的工艺流程,制备高纯V₂O₅。确定优化的钒浸出液水解沉钒制备粗V₂O₅条件为:反应时间为2.0 h,反应pH值为2.2,反应温度为80℃;将获得的粗V₂O₅进行碱溶二次净化,在优化条件为:NaOH浓度为1%,碱溶终点pH值为8.0,加入阴离子型絮凝剂,温度为60℃时,Mn,Cr,Ti等杂质均得到进一步去除;以经过二次净化后的钒浸出液为原料,在条件为反应时间为60 min,pH值为2.0,温度为90℃,加铵系数(K)为1.2时制备多钒酸铵,再得到高纯V₂O₅,Mn,Cr,Ti等杂质离子都得到了有效去除。