羟基锆交联累托石的制备及性能研究

以钠化累托石为原料进行改性 ,制备出羟基锆交联累托石 ,并研究了羟基锆交联累托石对COD模拟废水的吸附性能。试验结果表明 ,该交联剂可由 0 2mol/L的ZrOCl2 ·8H2 O溶液在 85℃下回流 1 2h制得 ;然后将其添加到累托石的悬浮液 (质量分数为 6 % )内 ,在 6 5℃下 ,再搅拌 2 5h ;生成物的BET法表面积为 9 2 5 0m2 g。     

ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附性能

通过静态吸附实验,研究了ATP颗粒吸附剂对水体中磷的吸附性能,并从动力学和热力学角度探讨了吸附作用机理。结果表明,ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,以化学吸附为速率控制步骤;表观吸附活化能Ea为5.883 kJ/mol,说明温度对该吸附过程影响较小;在288³08 K范围内,ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,该吸附介于单层和多层吸附之间,吸附表面存在一定的不均匀性;由吸附过程的热力学参数ΔG为-4.964308 K范围内,ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,该吸附介于单层和多层吸附之间,吸附表面存在一定的不均匀性;由吸附过程的热力学参数ΔG为-4.964^-5.403 kJ/mol、ΔS为0.107-5.403 kJ/mol、ΔS为0.107⁰.131 kJ/(mol·K)、ΔH为27.9850.131 kJ/(mol·K)、ΔH为27.985³3.498 kJ/mol,表明ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附属于自发的、熵增加的吸热过程,同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附。     

羟基铁交联累托石吸附重金属离子Cr6+的研究

研究羟基铁交联累托石的制备及其对Cr6+的吸附性能.当溶液pH值为3左右,羟基铁交联累托石(以下简称CLR)～的用量为13.2g/LH20时,常温振荡吸附60min,Cr6+的去除率可达到98%,残留Cr6+浓度可降至0.5mg/L以下.     

改良固定化香菇废弃物对Cu~(2+)的热力学吸附研究

利用磷酸钠对固定化香菇进行二次交联反应,缩短了固定化香菇对Cu~(2+)吸附平衡时间,探讨其吸附等温线、吸附动力学及吸附热力学。结果表明,改良固定化香菇对Cu~(2+)的吸附平衡时间为120 min,伪二级动力学模型比伪一级动力学模型更适合描述改良固定化香菇吸附Cu~(2+)的动力学过程,相关系数R~2为0.998 1;Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型均能很好地描述改良固定化香菇吸附Cu~(2+)的热力学过程,热力学参数ΔH~θ=8.91 kJ/mol,ΔS~θ=26.15 J/(mol·K),ΔG~θ=-1.93 kJ/mol(40℃),这表明改良固定化香菇吸附Cu~(2+)是一个自发吸热的过程,温度的升高更有利于吸附的进行。     

铝交联累托石对水溶液中钍(Ⅳ)的吸附性能及吸附热力学

将天然累托石(rectoIite,REC)与铝交联剂在适宜条件下进行交联反应而制得的铝交联累托石(Al-cross-linked rectorite,ACLREC),由Fourier变换红外光谱和X射线粉末衍射谱显示,经铝交联后REC的基本骨架并没有发生变化,而其(001)面的间距d001由2.37nm提高到2.78nm.在静态条件下,研究了ACLREC对水溶液中Th(Ⅳ)的吸附性能和吸附热力学,考察了pH值、离子强度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明:pH值和离子强度是影响吸附的主要因素,离子交换反应和表面络合反应是ACLREC吸附Th(Ⅳ)的主要机理.在25℃,pH=5～4.0,吸附时间为4h,ACLREC用量为0.8 g/L,Th(N)浓度为0～10 mg/L条件下进行吸附,Th(Ⅳ)去除率可达99%以上.热力学分析表明,ACLREC对Th(Ⅳ)的吸附是一个自发的且反应程度较高的过程,符合Fretradlich模型.     

3-己基-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮在黄铜矿表面的吸附动力学与热力学

合成了一种新型的三唑硫酮类表面活性剂——3-己基-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮(HATT),通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱及碳谱对其结构进行了表征,研究其在黄铜矿表面的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明:黄铜矿吸附HATT优选的pH=4~8,吸附量随着温度的升高而增大;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附活化能为13.06 kJ/mol;HATT在黄铜矿表面的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,吸附焓变ΔH=71.52 kJ/mol,熵变ΔS=348.7 J/(mol·K),吸附自由能变ΔG=-28.95 kJ/mol(298 K)。HATT可能以单分子层化学吸附于黄铜矿表面,吸附为自发的吸热过程。FTIR光谱分析进一步证实HATT以化学方式吸附在黄铜矿的表面。浮选试验结果也表明,HATT是黄铜矿的优良捕收剂。     

ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附性能

通过静态吸附实验,研究了ATP颗粒吸附剂对水体中磷的吸附性能,并从动力学和热力学角度探讨了吸附作用机理。结果表明,ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,以化学吸附为速率控制步骤;表观吸附活化能Ea为5.883 kJ/mol,说明温度对该吸附过程影响较小;在288~308 K范围内,ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,该吸附介于单层和多层吸附之间,吸附表面存在一定的不均匀性;由吸附过程的热力学参数ΔG为-4.964~-5.403 kJ/mol、ΔS为0.107~0.131 kJ/(mol·K)、ΔH为27.985~33.498 kJ/mol,表明ATP颗粒吸附剂对磷的吸附属于自发的、熵增加的吸热过程,同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附。     

基于离子交换的乙二醇富液脱盐实验研究

为简化深水气田乙二醇回收系统,采用离子交换工艺替代常规乙二醇脱盐工艺,对乙二醇吸附脱盐进行实验研究。通过静态吸附脱盐实验,在含盐乙二醇富液体系中对4种离子交换树脂进行了筛选,并对筛选出的树脂进行了吸附热力学研究。根据吸附能力,筛选出D113阳离子交换树脂和D201阴离子交换树脂用于实验,阴阳树脂体积比例为2∶1时上清液呈中性,阴阳混合树脂用量为200 mL/L,脱盐率为73.89%。D201树脂吸附Cl^-过程中的熵变ΔS为-26.605 J/(mol·K)、焓变ΔH为-13.386 kJ/mol, D113树脂吸附Ca-过程中的熵变ΔS为-26.605 J/(mol·K)、焓变ΔH为-13.386 kJ/mol, D113树脂吸附Ca⁽²⁺⁾过程中的熵变ΔS为-95.794 J/(mol·K)、焓变ΔH为-32.220 kJ/mol,吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,吉布斯自由能变ΔG<0,表明树脂在乙二醇富液中的吸附是放热、自发的过程,D113和D201树脂可用于乙二醇富液脱盐。     

大孔树脂对有机废水中苯酚的吸附性能

研究了新型大孔树脂XDA-200对苯酚的吸附性能.实验结果表明,大孔树脂XDA-200对苯酚的最佳吸附pH=6.4,在温度298K时其静态平衡吸附容量为277mg/g树脂.用0.5mol/L NaOH溶液作为解吸剂,一次解吸率可达82.8%.树脂吸附苯酚的过程,符合Freundlich经验式以及Langmuir经验式.树脂吸附苯酚的表观反应速率常数为k298=2.38×10-2/S,表现吸附活化Ea=1.74kJ/mol,测得热力学参数分别为吸附过程热效应AH=5.31kJ/mol,熵变△S=50.8J/mol·K,以及温度288K,298K和308K时的自由能变为:△G288=9.32kJ/mol,AG198=9.83kJ/mol,AG308=-10.34kJ/mol.     

纳米硫化钴与明胶蛋白质的原位键合作用研究

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),研究了pH值11.00时,不同温度下CoS纳米粒子与明胶蛋白质的键合作用.根据吸光度与CoS浓度的关系,由Lineweave-Burk方程计算了不同温度下CoS纳米粒子与明胶蛋白作用的键合常数K(温度为293 K时键合常数K为3.01×103L/mol;温度为301 K时键合常数K为2.12×103L/mol;温度为313 K时键合常数K为1.85×103L/mol)以及对应温度下反应的热力学参数(ΔrHm=-17.93 kJ/mol;ΔrSm=4.93 J/(K.mol);ΔrGm=-19.37/-19.41/-19.47kJ/mol).CoS纳米粒子与明胶蛋白之间主要靠静电力结合.研究结果为初步探索纳米颗粒与纤维状蛋白质之间相互作用的化学机制提供了必要的信息.     

Equilibrium,kinetics, and thermodynamics of Pd(II) adsorption onto poly(m‐aminobenzoic acid) chelating polymer

This study describes the equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the palladium(II) (Pd(II)) adsorption onto poly(m‐aminobenzoic acid) (p‐mABA) chelating polymer. The p‐mABA was synthesized by the oxidation reaction of m‐aminobenzoic acid monomer with ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS). The synthesized p‐mABA chelating polymer was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermal analysis, potentiometric titration, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis methods. The effects of the acidity, temperature, and initial Pd(II) concentration on the adsorption were examined by using batch adsorption technique. The optimum acidity for the Pd(II) adsorption was determined as pH 2. In the equilibrium studies, it was found that the Pd(II) adsorption capacity of the polymer was to be 24.21 mg/g and the adsorption data fitted better to the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics of the adsorption fitted to pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. In the thermodynamic evaluation of the adsorption, the ΔG° values were calculated as ?16.98 and ?22.26 kJ/mol at 25–55°C temperatures. The enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°), and the activation energy (E_a) were found as 35.40 kJ/mol, 176.05 J/mol K, and 61.71 kJ/mol, respectively. The adsorption of Pd(II) ions onto p‐mABA was a spontaneous, endothermic, and chemical adsorption process which is governed by both ionic interaction and chelating mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42533.     

D815树脂吸附钒的性能及动力学研究

实验研究了钒溶液在D815树脂上的吸附行为,并从热力学和动力学两个方面对吸附过程进行了分析.结果表明:在温度为30℃,pH为2.20,五氧化二钒初始浓度为15.0g/L条件下,树脂的饱和吸附容量达到最大值520 mg/g;在钒溶液流速为0.1 mL·min(-1)·g(-1)条件下,吸附经过2h左右达到穿透点,50 h...     

氯化镝与甘氨酸配位反应的热化学研究

用新型的具恒温环境的反应热量计 ,以 2 mol/L HCl为量热溶剂 ,分别测定了 Dy Cl3·6H2 O (s) +3Gly(s) (Gly代表甘氨酸 )和配合物 Dy(Gly) 3Cl3· 3H2 O(s)在 2 mol/L HCl溶液中的溶解焓变。根据盖斯定律设计了一个热化学循环 ,计算得到六水氯化镝与甘氨酸配位反应的反应焓Δr Hθm(2 98.2 K) =- 2 6.2 89k J/mol,并估算出配合物 Dy(Gly) 3Cl3· 3H2 O的标准生成焓 Δr Hθm(2 98.2 K) =- 3650 .5k J/mol。     

Study of the Kinetics of Ammonia Synthesis and Decomposition on Iron and Cobalt Catalysts

Activity of cobalt and iron catalysts in ammonia synthesis was determined under a pressure of 10 MPa and at the temperature range of 673–823 K, in a six-channel integral steel reactor. The catalytic ammonia decomposition was studied in a differential reactor under the atmosphere of low concentration of ammonia (<6%) in the temperature range of 673–823 K under atmospheric pressure. The determined values of the activation energy for the ammonia synthesis reaction over cobalt and iron catalysts are 268 and 180 kJ/mol, respectively, whilst for the ammonia decomposition reaction they are equal to 111 and 138 kJ/mol. The cobalt catalyst showed lower activity than a commercial iron catalyst in ammonia synthesis reaction. The cobalt catalyst turned out to be more effective in ammonia decomposition reaction than the iron one.     

GO/AT复合材料的制备及其吸附性能分析

采用溶液共混法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)/凹凸棒石(AT)复合材料,探讨GO含量对复合材料吸附性能的影响,并对复合材料的组成和微观结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明,当GO/AT的质量比为3/4时,复合材料对盐酸四环素的吸附效果最佳,吸附率达到93.06%。进一步探讨了吸附时间、盐酸四环素初始浓度和溶液pH条件对复合材料吸附性能的变化,分析了复合材料吸附盐酸四环素的过程;GO/AT复合材料对盐酸四环素的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,其表观吸附活化能为37.19 kJ/mol,此吸附过程以静电吸附为主;对盐酸四环素的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温式,在研究的温度范围,吸附焓变(ΔHO)为7.77 kJ/mol,吸附自由能变(ΔGO)<0,吸附熵变(ΔSO)为57.62 J/(mol·K),表明该吸附是吸热、自发、熵增过程。     

温度影响印楝素A及同系物降解动力学研究

研究温度对印楝素A、6-deacetylnimbin、6-deacetylsalannin、nimbin和salannin 5种同系物稳定性的影响。建立在不同温度条件下印楝素A及同系物的一级降解动力学模型,计算印楝素A及同系物降解反应的反应速率常数、温度效应系数(Q)、活化能(Ea)、活化焓(?H)和活化熵(?S)。结果表明,印楝素A及同系物在25℃条件下较为稳定,大于35℃时降解速率明显增大。印楝素A、6-deacetylnimbin、6-deacetylsalannin、nimbin和salannin 5种同系物的活化能分别为98.49kJ/mol、92.43kJ/mol、96.76kJ/mol、95.23kJ/mol和104.79kJ/mol,活化焓分别为95.84kJ/mol、89.78kJ/mol、94.11kJ/mol、92.58kJ/mol和102.14kJ/mol,活化熵分别为10.68kJ/mol·K、1.60kJ/mol·K、19.58kJ/mol·K、4.76kJ/mol·K和27.32kJ/mol·K。印楝素A及同系物在环境中的降解反应是自发反应,在环境中易自然降解。     

离子交换树脂吸附苯酚的性能研究

研究了717强碱阴离子交换树脂对苯酚的吸附性能。结果表明,在pH=10~13时,吸附能力最好。等温吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir经验式。在293~313 K条件下,苯酚吸附量为220~260 mg/g的吸附焓变为-13.69~-12.02 kJ/mol,吸附自由能变为-7.02~-7.21 kJ/mol,吸附熵变为-22.76~-15.37 J/(K.mol)。吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级速率方程,吸附速率常数为8.5×10-4~2.74×10-3g/(mg.min),吸附活化能为44.1 kJ/mol。303 K下其静态累积饱和吸附容量为399.8 mg/g(4.253 mmol/g)。用0.05 mol/L HCl溶液能定量洗脱苯酚,洗脱率达99%。     

Acetamide‐modified hyper‐cross‐linked resin: Synthesis,characterization, and adsorption performance to phenol from aqueous solution

Acetamide‐modified hyper‐cross‐linked resin, HCP‐HMTA‐AA, was prepared and its adsorption performance was evaluated using phenol as the adsorbate. The prepared HCP–HMTA–AA owned predominant micro/mesopores and medium polarity, making it possess a superior adsorption to phenol as compared with polystyrene (PS), chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS), hyper‐cross‐linked polymer (HCP) and amino‐modified hyper‐cross‐linked resin (HCP–HMTA). The adsorption enthalpy was ?99.56 kJ/mol at zero fractional loading, multiple hydrogen bonding contributed to such a great adsorption enthalpy and an approximately planar hexahydric ring was formed between acetamide of HCP–HMTA–AA and phenol. The dynamic capacity of phenol on HCP–HMTA–AA was 291.3 mg/g at a feed concentration of 946.2 mg/L and a flow rate of 48 mL/h and the resin column was almost regenerated by a mixed solvent including 50% of ethanol (v/v) and 0.01 mol/L of sodium hydroxide (w/v). HCP–HMTA–AA was repeatedly used for five times and the equilibrium adsorption capacity for the five time reached 94.2% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity for the first time. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41597.     

Fabrication of a copolymer flocculant and application for Cr(VI) removal

A copolymer flocculant (CATCS) derived from starch and chitosan was fabricated and used as eco‐friendly adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The CATCS flocculant was characterized by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetic analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of CATCS dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH, and reaction time on removal of Cr(VI) were discussed. The results showed CATCS removed Cr(VI) effectively and the adsorption isotherm agreed well with the Freundlich isotherm and R–P isotherm models. The enthalpy change (ΔH) of the process was 16.75 kJ/mol suggesting the existence of chemisorption and the reaction was endothermic. Moreover, the negative free energy change (ΔG) indicated the adsorption process was feasible and spontaneous. The positive entropy change (ΔS) showed there was an increase of disorder in the system during the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics results showed that the adsorption could be described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics mechanism. The activation energy (E_a) of the adsorption reaction was 29.16 kJ/mol. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1213–1220, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

3,3’-二硝氨基-4,4’-氧化偶氮呋咱羟胺盐的热行为和热安全性研究（英文）

利用C500量热仪研究了3,3′-二硝氨基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱羟胺盐(HNAF)的热分解特性,根据Kissinger和Ozawa方程计算了热分解的动力学参数,同时计算了热分解的热力学参数;采用Micro-DSCⅢ量热仪测定了3,3′-二硝氨基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱羟胺盐的比热容,计算获得了3,3′-二硝氨基-4,4′-氧化偶氮呋咱羟胺盐热安全评价参数。结果表明,HNAF的活化能(E)和指前因子(A)分别为205.26 kJ/mol和1020.32 s-1;活化熵、活化焓和活化吉布斯自由能分别为140.76 J/(mol·K)、201.56 kJ/mol和200.39 kJ/mol。比热容方程与298.15 K时的摩尔比热容分别为C p=-1.560+0.016 T-2.263×10-5 T 2(J/(g·K))和446.028 J/(mol·K)。自加速分解温度、绝热分解温升、热爆炸临界温度分别为444.44 K、2382.89 K、452.86 K,绝热至爆时间为12.46~12.54 s。