Ta1/0Cr18Ni9薄板储能焊熔核高熵化机理

针对钽与钢之间物化性质差异大,焊接时易产生脆性金属间化合物而导致熔焊接头性能低下及裂纹等问题,按照熔核金属高熵化技术思路,利用基于密度泛函理论的热力学第一性原理设计出新型中间层合金Ta₂₀Fe₂₀Ni₂₀Cr₂₀Co₂₀,结合熔合比得到适用于钽/钢储能焊中间层合金成分为Ta₇Ni₃₂Cr₁₉Co₄₂. 采用真空电弧炉熔制纽扣合金锭,继而使用单辊急冷法制备出中间合金箔材,将其用于Ta1/0Cr18Ni9薄板的储能焊连接. 结果表明,在储能焊条件下,Ta1/Ta₇Ni₃₂Cr₁₉Co₄₂/0Cr18Ni9搭接接头形成形貌规则、完整,长径约0.8 mm的扁球形熔核,熔核整体向钢侧发生了偏移. 熔核组织由简单的FCC固溶体组成,无金属间化合物析出,具有典型的高熵合金特征,实现了熔核金属高熵化. 在焊接电压1 000 V,电容500 μF,电极压力30 N下,Ta1/Ta₇Ni₃₂Cr₁₉Co₄₂/0Cr18Ni9储能焊接头平均强度可达到395 MPa.     

Ta1/Ta8Ni30Cr20Cu42/0Cr18Ni9储能焊接头组织与性能

针对钽与钢之间因物化性能差异大,储能焊接头易产生脆性金属间化合物等问题,依据熔核金属高熵化技术思路,以等摩尔比的Ta₂₀Fe₂₀Ni₂₀Cr₂₀Cu₂₀合金为熔核目标成分,依据焊接过程两种母材熔合比折合得到Ta₈Ni₃₀Cr₂₀Cu₄₂中间层合金,将其用于Ta1/0Cr18Ni9的储能焊连接. 结果表明,熔核金属的高熵合金化可有效地抑制熔核中脆性金属间化合物的形成,Ta1/Ta₈Ni₃₀Cr₂₀Cu₄₂/0Cr18Ni9储能焊接头形貌完整,熔核呈规则的杯形,长径约0.6 mm,整体向钢侧发生了偏移. 熔核组织以简单FCC固溶体为主相,兼有少量BCC固溶体. 熔核中心凝固组织以细小的等轴晶为特征,熔核与两侧母材熔合区则形成了平行生长的柱状晶,熔核区与母材结合良好. 在焊接电压1 000 V,电容500 μF,电极力30 N工艺条件下,接头平均抗剪强度372 MPa.     

基于高熵合金中间层的Q235钢/6061铝合金电阻点焊接头的组织与性能

钢和铝形成的复合结构，可以使铝的低密度、高导热性、良好的耐腐蚀性能与钢的高强度、高韧性、低成本性结合起来，既能充分发挥两种材料的性能优势，又具有良好的经济效益.由于钢和铝的物理和化学性能差异较大、接头中易产生脆性金属间化合物而难以实现可靠的连接.将Fe_0.2CoCrMnNiAl_0.2高熵合金作为中间层进行了Q235钢/6 061铝合金异种金属的电阻点焊研究，利用高熵合金的超级固溶性改善钢/铝异种金属的焊接质量.结果表明，采用Fe_0.2CoCrMnNiAl_0.2高熵合金作为中间层时，接头截面中钢侧和铝侧均有半椭圆形状的熔核，熔核成形美观，无明显的宏观裂纹和气孔等焊接缺陷，熔核内部组织均由面心立方的固溶体相组成，接头的平均最大拉剪力达到1 913 N，比钢/铝直接电阻点焊接头提高了130%，断裂发生在铝合金侧熔核处，铝合金熔核在拉剪力的作用下被撕脱并留在高熵合金表面，呈现出“纽扣状”破坏特征.     

基于高熵合金中间层的TA2与Q235电阻焊研究

本文针对钛和低碳钢焊接时易产生金属间化合物导致性能下降及裂纹等问题,采用焊缝高熵化技术路线,设计出TA2／Q235焊接用高熵合金中间层成分,应用急冷快速凝固装置制备出厚约60um、宽约4mm的Ti5Fe5Al30Ni30Cu30和Ti10Fe10Cr5Ni35Cu40高熵合金箔带,并将其用于TA2／Q235的电阻点焊。分析了焊接工艺参数与接头组织的相关性,研究结果表明,一定条件下应用Ti10Fe10Cr5Ni35Cu40中间层较Ti5Fe5A130Ni30Cu30中间层更易实现钛与钢的焊接。在焊接电流为5000～6000A,电极力为5000N,焊接时间为0．6s条件下,应用Ti10Fe10Cr5Ni35Cu40高熵合金中间层获得了TA2／O235的连接,焊缝组织细小均匀,焊缝与母材的结合区未出现金属间化合物迹象。     

钛与低碳钢的夹铜电阻点焊接头的特性

为改善接头性能,以100 μm厚的铜箔为中间层对钛与低碳钢Q235进行电阻点焊.观察、分析了接头中各特征区域的微观结构,探讨了焊接电流、焊接时间和电极压力对接头熔核尺寸及抗剪载荷的影响.结果 表明:以铜为中间层的钛与低碳钢点焊接头熔核内部与端部分别由Ti-Fe系和Cu-Ti系金属间化合物构成.接头的抗剪载荷随焊接电流、焊接时间及电极压力的增大而呈先增大后下降的变化趋势,接头最大抗剪载荷约为4.2 kN.接头的断裂方式主要呈界面撕裂破坏,熔核内部的Ti-Fe金属间化合物呈脆性断裂,端部的Cu-Ti化合物呈准韧性断裂.     

镍中间层对304/5052激光-MIG复合焊接头组织与力学性能的影响

采用激光-MIG复合焊对304不锈钢/5052铝合金进行深熔搭接焊,研究不同熔深条件下镍中间层对截面形貌、界面层微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在低熔深条件下,添加镍中间层会恶化304/5052接头,使304/5052无法形成有效连接;在中熔深和高熔深条件下,添加镍中间层,可以有效抑制Fe-Al金属间化合物(IMCs)的生成,降低界面层IMCs的厚度。Ni可以替代IMCs的部分Fe,形成Al_3Ni,降低IMCs的脆性和硬度。与不添加镍中间层的304/5052接头对比,添加镍中间层后,低熔深的接头抗拉力变低,中熔深的接头抗拉力提高但效果不明显,高熔深的接头抗拉力明显提高。     

快速凝固Cu_(25)Al_(10)Ni_(25)Fe_(20)Co_(20)高熵合金箔的微观结构及其电容储能焊特性

采用单辊快速凝固法制备了厚度为50—70μm的Cu_(25)Al_(10)Ni_(25)Fe_(20)Co_(20)高熵合金箔材,并研究了其微观结构、抗拉强度、伸长率及电容储能焊特性.结果表明,Cu_(25)Al_(10)Ni_(25)Fe_(20)Co_(20)高熵合金为fcc结构的单一相,快速凝固使合金组织显著细化.在电容储能焊条件下,快速凝固高熵合金箔材点焊接头形成了形态规则的椭球状熔核,熔核形核率较低,晶体依附于母材局部半熔化的晶粒向熔核心部生长,最终形成发达的树枝晶组织;熔合线清晰;与熔核毗邻的母材组织未观察到粗化迹象.电容储能焊条件下,贯穿性裂纹是高熵合金焊接接头中的主要焊接缺陷,其与高熵效应导致的熔核区晶粒粗化、晶体生长方向及电极压力密切相关.     

Ni在钢/铝电阻点焊中的作用

以DC01钢板与5082铝合金板为基材,在电极压力3 kN、焊接时间300 ms、保持时间100 ms条件下,研究了电阻点焊中焊接电流(9~12 kA)及Ni镀层对接头剪切力、正拉力、界面相组成的影响。结果表明,随焊接电流的提高,熔核尺寸增大,接头力学性能提高。剪切力比正拉力高一个数量级。在10 kA焊接电流下,镀Ni钢/铝接头的剪切力和正拉力均比钢/铝直接焊接时强度明显提高,这与钢/铝界面形成了Al 3Ni合金相,抑制了脆性Fe 2Al 5金属间化合物的生成有关。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢储能焊接头微观组织分析

用储能焊方法对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢进行了点焊连接实验,分析了其焊接接头的组织形貌和形成规律.焊接接头由熔核区、半熔化区及热影响区组成.由于储能焊极短的焊接时间和大的冷却速率,熔核中奥氏体组织来不及长大,使得接头组织得到显著细化,热影响区组织未发生明显变化.     

细直径TA2/0Cr18Ni9Ti棒材储能焊接试验分析

采用电容储能焊机对直径2.5 mm的TA2纯钛和0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢异种棒材进行快速凝固对接研究,分析了接头显微组织和界面结合机制,测试了接头力学性能.结果表明,储能焊能够实现TA2与0Cr18Ni9Ti之间的快速凝固焊接,获得的焊接接头组织细小致密,极快的焊接速度有效抑制了接头中TiFe2,TiFe等脆性金属间化合物的生成.接头缺陷主要为裂纹,并具有脆性断裂特征,裂纹多发于0Cr18Ni9Ti侧,穿过熔合界面向熔核延伸.当焊接电压为195 V,电容为9 900μF,电极力为15 N时,接头抗拉强度达到480 MPa.     

Effects of resistance spot welding parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar material joints of galvanised high strength steel and aluminium alloy

Abstract

Intermediate frequency resistance spot welding has been adopted to join dissimilar materials of H220YD galvanised high strength steel and 6008 aluminium alloy. The effects of welding current and welding time on microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. A thin intermetallic compound layer composed of Fe₂Al₅ phase and Fe₄Al₁₃ phase formed at the steel/aluminium interface. The interfacial intermetallic compound layer has higher nanohardness compared with the aluminium alloy nugget and galvanised steel. With increasing welding current (4–11?kA) and welding time (50–300?ms), the nugget diameter increased, the interfacial layer structure became coarser and the tensile shear load of the welded joints had an increased tendency. The maximum tensile shear load reached 3309?N at 9?kA for 250?ms. Crack initiated at the interfacial intermetallic compound layer of the tensile shear specimens, then propagated through the interfacial layer principally, and meantime through the aluminium alloy fusion zone near the interface partially.     

不锈钢电弧铆焊焊点组织及力学性能

采用电弧铆焊的方法对3 mm+5 mm厚的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢钢板采用搭接形式实现连接. 通过优化焊接电流及其作用时间的参数匹配，以期得到最佳的焊点显微组织和力学性能. 采用X射线检测焊点缺陷的存在，使用金相显微镜研究焊点熔深和熔核尺寸的变化，使用电子万能试验机测试焊点的抗剪力. 结果表明，电弧铆焊焊点呈蘑菇状，与基体圆滑过渡，成形良好，无气孔、裂纹等宏观缺陷. 随着第一段和第二段焊接电流的增大，焊点的熔深和熔核尺寸，及焊点抗剪力随之增大. 优化的工艺参数下，熔深尺寸可达4.07 mm，熔核尺寸可达7.73 mm，抗剪力可达23.654 kN，满足生产需求.     

Influence of diffusion bonding conditions on bonding strength of damping copper alloy to stainless steel

The experimental investigation of different tran sition metals was carried out in the diffusion bonding joints of Cu alloys (CuAlBe) to stainless stee l (1Cr18Ni9Ti). The microstructure of the joint was analyzed with microscopic examination, SEM, EPMA and X-ray diffraction. Following conclusions have been draw n: (1) The joint strength with the Ni interlayer was higher than that with Cu in terlayer when the welding parameters were same;(2)When Ni interlayer was thinner ,Al could interact with Ni and Fe,and the intermetallic compounds,such as Fe3A letc,were formed in the interface,which decreased the strength of the joints;(3 ) When the bonding temperature was higher,because of the diffusion of Cu in Ni being faster than Ni in Cu,a Kirkendall effect was produced,which also decreased the strength of the joints.     

The effect of phosphorus addition on the corrosion behavior of ARC-MELTED Ni10TaP alloys in 12 M HCl

The corrosion resistance of arc-melted Ni10TaP alloys containing 0, 10 and 20 at% phosphorus in 12 M HCl solution at 30 °C was investigated. The alloys containing 0 and 10 at% phosphorus suffer severe corrosion. The addition of 20 at% phosphorus to crystalline Ni10Ta alloy results in a three-orders-of-magnitude decrease in the corrosion rate. The open circuit potentials of the Ni10Ta alloys containing 0 and 10 at% phosphorus stay almost constant in the active region of nickel, while the open circuit potential of the Ni10Ta20P alloy increases almost linearly in the initial 2 h. The Ni10Ta alloy consists of intermetallic Ni₈Ta and immersion in 12 M HCl results in faceting dissolution. Ni10Ta10P alloy is composed of major Ni₈Ta and Ni₃P phases and minor Ni₂Ta and Ni₂P phases. Immersion of Ni10Ta10P alloy leads to preferential dissolution of the Ni₈Ta phase and to continuous thickening of the corrosion product film consisting mostly of tantalum as cations. Ni 10Ta20P alloy consists of Ni₂Ta, Ni₃P, Ni₂P and NiP phases. Immersion of Ni10Ta20P alloy gives rise to initial increase in elemental phosphorus on the surface as a result of selective dissolution of nickel and selective oxidation of tantalum. The formation of elemental phosphorus with a high cathodic activity is responsible for the initial ennoblement of the open circuit potential and for the formation of the passive film in which tantalum is highly concentrated. The higher corrosion resistance of Ni10Ta20P alloy than Ni10Ta10P alloy is attributable to the formation of the Ni₂Ta phase with a higher tantalum content than the Ni₈Ta phase which is the readily corroded major intermetallic phase in the Ni10Ta10P alloy.     

不锈钢点焊动态电阻曲线频谱与熔核的关系

运用快速离散傅里叶变换(FFT)方法,分析了不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti点焊动态电阻曲线的频谱特征,并通过对6个焊点的熔核直径的解剖验证,发现了动态电阻曲线幅频图中0 Hz及3.1 Hz处的幅频值与熔核直径成正比,3.1 Hz处的幅频值随熔棱尺寸变化的曲线斜率较小,0 Hz处的幅额值随熔核尺寸的变化更为敏感.     

Oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of Laves phase reinforced Cr in-situ composites

Two-phase Cr(X)–Cr₂X (X=Nb, Ta) in-situ composites are of interest for high-temperature applications due to their high melting points and potential for high-temperature strength. A six cycle, 120 h, 1100°C cyclic oxidation screening test was used to evaluate potential for high-temperature oxidation resistance of several Cr(X)–Cr₂X in-situ composites. Alloys based on the Cr–Ta system near the Cr(Ta)–Cr₂Ta eutectic exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared to corresponding alloys based on the Cr–Nb system. The binary Cr–Ta alloys were also found to exhibit a moderate degree of room-temperature fracture toughness, in the range of 9–10 MPa√m. It was concluded that the Cr(Ta)–Cr₂Ta alloys are a promising base for future high-temperature intermetallic alloy development efforts.     

Characterization of ultrasonic spot welded joints of Mg-to-galvanized and ungalvanized steel with a tin interlayer

Ultrasonic spot welded (USWed) Mg-to-bare steel, Mg-to-galvanized steel and Mg-to-bare steel with Sn interlayer (placed in-between Mg and bare steel) were studied. Weak joining occurred in the USWed Mg-to-bare steel, since Mg and Fe do not react with each other. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Mg₇Zn₃ and Mg₂Zn₁₁, which led to the failure of the joint, were largely present in the USWed Mg-to-galvanized steel joint. The introduction of a Sn interlayer in the USWed Mg-to-bare steel actively worked as an intermediate medium to join Mg to Fe, and led to the presence of a distinctive composite-like Sn and Mg₂Sn eutectic structure. The lap shear strength of Mg-to-bare steel with Sn interlayer joint was significantly higher than that of the Mg-to-bare steel and Mg-to-galvanized steel joints. Failure during the tensile lap shear tests occurred mainly in the partial nugget pull-out mode in the dissimilar joints of Mg-to-bare steel with Sn interlayer. All the joints of Mg-to-galvanized steel failed from the interface (cohesive failure). The addition of Sn interlayer resulted in energy saving since the welding energy required to achieve the maximum strength decreased from 1750 to 1500 J in the Mg-to-steel joints.     

Resistance spot welding aluminium to magnesium using nanoparticle reinforced eutectic forming interlayers

Successful joining of dissimilar metals such as Al and Mg can provide significant advantages to the automotive industry in the fabrication of vehicle bodies and other important components. This study explores dissimilar joining of Al–Mg using a resistance spot welding process to produce microstructurally sound lap joints and evaluates the impact of interlayer composition on microstructural evolution and the formation of intermetallic compounds within the weld nugget. The results indicated that mechanically sound joints can be produced, with fine equiaxed and columnar dendrites within the weld nugget. The presence of intermetallic compounds was also confirmed by the variation in the microhardness values recorded across the weld zone.