厚壁焊接钛管的等离子填丝+脉冲TIG双枪焊接工艺研究

钛及钛合金厚壁焊管是海水淡化和海洋工程等行业的主要部件。采用前置直流等离子填丝+后置脉冲TIG电弧的双枪焊法,无耦合的等离子焊+TIG焊形式利用等离子弧焊与TIG焊的优点实现了大口径壁厚4 mm的TA1焊接钛管的优质、稳定焊接。结果表明,随着等离子气体流量的增加,直流等离子填丝焊的熔深增加,厚壁钛管全熔透;后置TIG电弧对已形成焊缝进行重熔,TIG焊脉冲频率的增加可以降低焊缝晶粒尺寸,提高接头性能,并对前置等离子填丝焊过程出现的咬边等缺陷具有较好的修复作用。本方法不但扩大了焊缝成形的工艺窗口,而且焊接过程稳定,接头抗拉强度达到354 MPa,经实际生产验证,实现了厚壁焊接钛管的低成本优质焊接生产。     

小功率脉冲激光-TIG电弧复合焊的电弧及熔池行为研究

利用小功率脉冲激光-TIG电弧复合焊在2mm厚度的不锈钢上进行堆焊,研究脉冲激光束(持续时间4 ms、峰值300 W、频率15 Hz)对电弧形态、熔池行为和焊缝成形的影响。结果表明,脉冲激光加入后,电弧中心高温区发生膨胀,并将电弧阳极斑点稳定在激光斑点处,TIG电压发生升高。当脉冲激光作用到熔池上时,熔池液态金属迅速向后方流动,熔池长度迅速增大;激光脉冲消失1ms后,熔池长度才开始逐渐减小,2 ms后液态金属向前回流,致使焊缝表面形成了鱼鳞纹,改善了焊缝表面成形。激光-TIG电弧复合焊的熔深是TIG焊的1.77倍,是激光焊熔深的2.6倍。而在相同熔深下,复合焊接速度比TIG焊提高了50%。     

磁控Plasma-FCAW水下复合焊工艺焊缝成形分析

磁控等离子-药芯焊丝电弧复合焊（plasma-flux cored arc welding,Plasma-FCAW）作为一种新型水下高效焊接方法被提出,通过特殊焊炬结构设计实现了两种独立焊接工艺的优势互补. 针对复合焊接工艺中由于电源极性不同引起的电弧排斥问题,设计了外部磁场用于调控两个电弧间的耦合程度,并研究了主要工艺参数对Q355B钢水下焊缝成形及其截面几何特征的影响. 结果表明,施加的外部磁场能够有效改善复合焊接过程及焊缝成形的稳定性;药芯焊丝电弧焊（flux cored arc welding,FCAW）电压对水下复合焊接过程稳定性具有显著影响;等离子电流和FCAW电弧电压对焊缝熔深影响较大且等离子电流与熔深间呈近似线性关系;相比于水下FCAW工艺,复合焊工艺焊接熔深提升超过40%,具有更高的焊接效率和焊接稳定性.     

耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊工艺

将耦合电弧钨极和GPCA焊方法结合,形成了耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊方法,该方法可实现深熔深高速度焊接.对比分析了在较高焊接速度时常规TIG焊、耦合电弧钨极TIG焊和耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊的焊缝表面成形和截面形貌,发现耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊可避免咬边和驼峰焊道的产生,并且焊缝熔深有所增加.耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊工艺试验表明,焊缝熔深和熔宽随焊接速度的减小和外喷嘴位置的升高而增大,随着弧长和外层氧气流量的增加先增加后略有减小;随着焊接速度的减小,弧长和外层氧气流量的增大,焊缝咬边减轻,外喷嘴相对高度变化时焊缝均未出现咬边.     

单枪耦合电弧AA-TIG焊

采用优化后的单枪耦合电弧AA-TIG焊枪,以SUS304不锈钢板材作为试验材料进行了焊接试验,对比了单枪耦合电弧AA-TIG焊与TIG焊电弧和焊缝成形的不同,研究了主要工艺参数对单枪耦合电弧AA-TIG焊焊缝的影响,并分析了单枪耦合电弧AA-TIG焊对接接头性能. 结果表明,氧气流量、钨极间距、电弧长度对单枪耦合电弧AA-TIG焊熔深有重要影响. 与普通TIG焊相比,在相同的总电流下,单枪耦合电弧AA-TIG焊焊缝变窄,熔深增加,焊缝性能良好.12 mm厚SUS304不锈钢板,单道焊缝熔深可超过11 mm,深宽比达到1.3,显著提高了生产效率.     

电场提高激光-TIG复合焊熔深的机制

通过对比电场对单激光和单TIG焊接电弧在镁合金板材上堆焊熔深的影响,分析了外加电场对激光-TIG复合焊熔深的影响机制.同时通过研究在不同激光功率、不同TIG电流强度下电场的作用效果,对该机制进行了验证.结果表明,外加电场对激光-TIG复合焊熔深的作用是通过对激光小孔内等离子中带电粒子运动的控制来实现的.外加电场使小孔内电子向小孔底部运动时,可以增加焊接熔深;激光功率越大,外加电场增加熔深效果越明显;增大TIG焊接电流,削弱外加电场对熔深的增加作用.     

金属夹芯结构制造中的T型接头Stake焊接方法研究

T型接头的Stake焊接方法是实现金属夹芯板焊接制造的关键技术之一.为了论证焊接制造金属夹芯板的可行性,本文通过实验对比研究了在单一激光、TIG电弧和激光-TIG电弧复合等三种焊接工艺下,钛合金薄板T型接头Stake焊接焊缝成形特点及影响因素.结果表明,激光-TIG电弧焊是实现钛合金薄板T型接头Stake焊接的理想工艺,在焊缝组织、焊接效率、焊缝成形、间隙适应性等方面比单一激光或TIG焊接工艺有明显的优势,可以应用于金属夹芯板的焊接制造.     

TIG-MIG复合焊电弧特性机理分析

采用TIG-MIG复合焊电弧改善传统单一TIG及MIG焊的不足.基于PID闭环控制,实现恒流恒压外特性输出,从而实现TIG-MIG电弧复合.研究了复合电弧的电弧特性、熔滴过渡形式及不同极性接法对焊缝的影响.结果表明,TIG焊电弧对MIG焊电弧具有良好的维弧作用.TIG-MIG焊电弧复合熔滴过渡过程,TIG焊电弧稳定燃烧,为了保持最小的能量消耗而作用于熔滴上,对熔滴具有加热作用.直流反接具有良好的阴极雾化清理作用.TIG-MIG焊电弧复合能够有效降低焊接飞溅,促进焊缝铺展及成形,实现高效化、优质化的焊接.     

旁路耦合微束等离子弧热特性及焊缝成形特点

针对传统微束等离子弧焊中焊丝熔敷率与焊接电流不能解耦的局限,提出旁路耦合微束等离子弧焊方法.通过给外填焊丝添加一电流,使焊丝与焊枪钨极间产生一个旁路电弧,实现熔化母材热量与熔化焊丝热量的解耦,确保熔化母材电流稳定的同时提高填充焊丝的熔化速度.对旁路耦合微束等离子弧焊的熔敷率、母材热输入及焊缝成形质量进行试验研究.结果表明,该方法既保持了传统微束等离子弧焊的优点,又在提高焊丝熔敷率的同时降低母材的热输入;并在其它焊接参数保持不变时,随旁路电流的增加,焊缝的熔宽、熔深和稀释率减小,余高和成形系数增大.     

铝合金焊接工艺与接头组织相关性的研究

利用光纤激光器与TIG交直流电焊机实现了6 mm厚2014高强铝合金的激光热传导焊、激光深熔焊和激光-TIG电弧复合焊,并借助于激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对其接头形貌特征和接头微观组织进行了分析。结果表明,焊接接头的熔深、熔宽、熔合线宽度、软化区宽度、焊缝中心区晶粒尺寸与焊接工艺具有显著的相关性,三种焊接工艺下得到的软化区和焊缝中心区等轴晶晶粒尺寸远小于目前采用的填丝TIG焊焊接工艺。     

耦合电弧AA-TIG高速焊工艺

传统TIG焊焊接熔深浅、效率低,焊接速度提高时会出现咬边和驼峰等焊接缺陷.传统活性焊(A-TIG)相对于传统TIG焊可以显著增加熔深,但由于电弧压力作用,在高于一定焊接速度时仍会出现咬边和驼峰等焊缝缺陷.以SUS304不锈钢为母材,提出新型的耦合电弧AA-TIG(arc assited activatingTIG we...     

电弧辅助活性TIG焊接法

提出了电弧辅助活性TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding,简称AA-TIG焊)的概念,并以SUS304不锈钢作为母材,研究了AA-TIG焊接法的主要工艺参数对焊缝熔深熔宽的影响。结果表明,在相同的焊接工艺参数下,与传统TIG焊相比,AA-TIG焊缝熔深能增加一倍以上,同时熔宽明显收缩。采用AA-TIG焊可不开坡口一次焊透8mm厚不锈钢板,焊接效率明显提高。辅助电弧工艺参数和正常TIG焊工艺参数都对AA-TIG焊焊缝熔深熔宽有一定影响。     

电弧辅助活性TIG焊焊缝组织及性能分析

电弧辅助活性TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding,AA-TIG焊)是一种新型高效焊接方式,该方法可以分为分离电弧AA-TIG焊和耦合电弧AA-TIG焊两种方式.试验采用不锈钢为母材,通过改变辅助电弧中氧气引入量,分析焊缝组织及性能的变化规律.结果表明,焊缝组织以奥氏体为主,在奥氏体边界析出少量的铁素体,此时焊缝的抗拉强度变化不大,随着氧气引入量的增大,焊缝的低温冲击韧性有所下降;相对于分离电弧AA-TIG焊,耦合电弧AA-TIG焊焊缝的冲击韧性下降较少.在氧气的引入量低于2 L/min时,耦合电弧AA-TIG焊焊缝冲击韧性较好,甚至超过普通TIG焊焊缝.     

A study on twin-tungsten TIG welding method

A new twin-tungsten TIG （T-TIG） welding method was studied. This method differs from the conventional TIG method, it places two electrodes insulated from each other in the same welding torch, and a coupling arc is generated from the two electrodes. The coupling arc pressure was measured and preliminary welding experiment was made. The results show that the coupling arc can keep arc pressure at a low level compared with conventional TIG arc, and welding can be achieved under higher current and high travel speed with sound appearance of weld. Therefore, this new method can applied widely in high effwiency welding.     

焊接电弧与活性组元对TIG焊熔池形貌影响的数值模拟

通过对FLUENT软件进行二次开发,建立了焊接电弧和焊接熔池模型,模拟分析了不同活性组元O元素含量下定点和移动TIG焊熔池形貌变化,对比了氩弧和氦弧的电弧参量及其对熔池形貌的影响.结果表明,由活性组元O元素含量变化导致的熔池内Marangoin对流变化是熔深增加的主要因素;在氩弧下,来自于电弧的气体剪切力对熔池形貌有较大影响;与氩弧相比,氦弧明显收缩,电流密度更大,更多的热量传递到熔池,增大了电磁力引起的内对流运动,可获得更深熔深.焊缝深宽比的模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好.

Abstract：

Welding arc and weld pool modeh were established by FLUENT software for spot and moving TIG welding of SUS304 stainless steel to investigate the effect of the surface-activating element oxygen on the weld shape and analyze the properties of argon arc and helium arc and their effects on the weld shape. The results show that the change of the Marangoni convection induced by different oxygen contents can be considered as one of the principal factors to increase penetration. The plasma drag force from the argon arc has obvious effect on the weld shape. Compared with the argon arc, the hehum arc is more constricted, the welding current density is much greater and the much more heat flux is transferred into the weld pool, which increase the inward convection induced by the electromagnetic force, thus the deeper weld depth can be obtained.The calculated weld D/W ratio agrees with that of the experiment.     

不锈钢高频复合双钨极氩弧焊接工艺方法

针对双钨极TIG焊存在的电弧压力小、焊缝熔深浅等问题,提出了一种新型焊接工艺方法——高频复合双钨极TIG焊(high frequency hybrid twin-electrode TIG welding, HFHT-TIG焊),在双钨极氩弧焊的一个钨极上通以高频脉冲电流,达到提高电弧压力和挺度、搅拌熔池、细化晶粒、改善接头组织和力学性能的目的. 采用HFHT-TIG焊进行了6 mm厚奥氏体不锈钢焊接工艺试验,并与双钨极TIG焊接头进行对比. 结果表明,HFHT-TIG焊能够显著提高电弧挺度和电弧压力,焊缝表面成形更佳,横截面对称性更好,焊缝区的树枝晶组织更加细小,断口韧窝更加均匀和细密,接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别提高了12.1%和30.2%.     

High speed tandem TIG welding of ferritic stainless steel plate

Weld humping and undercut are the most common appearance defects in high speed welding. A high speed tandem TIG welding process was developed to suppress the formation of these appearance defects and to improve the productivity of TIG welding. In this paper, the mechanical properties and microstructure of joints obtained from tandem and single TIG welding were tested and compared. The results show that the sound weld appearance can be obtained by tandem TIG welding at the welding speed of 3 m/min for 1.5 mm thick 409L stainless steel plate. The mechanical properties of the tandem TIG welded joint are in the similar level with single TIG welded joint. The analysis of the tandem TIG welding process indicates that the assistant arc with a push angle can prevent the liquid metal flowing backward to the trailing region of weld pool and the premature solidification of thin liquid layer in the gouging region.     

High speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding of mild steel plate

A TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding process was proposed to achieve high speed welding. The influences of hybrid arc welding parameters on welding speed and weld appearance were studied through orthogonal experiment and the microstructures and mechanical properties of weld were tested and compared with that of the conventional MAG weld. The TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding speed could reach up to 3.5 m/min for bead-on-plate welding of 2.5 mm thick mild steel plate under the condition of high quality of weld appearance and 4.5 m/min for butt welding of 2 mm thick mild steel plate, respectively. The mechanical properties of hybrid arc weld were not lower than that of the conventional MAG weld. The assistant TIG arc could effectively stabilize the MAG welding current and MAG arc voltage in high speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding process. The stable hybridization obtained by balance between TIG and MAG welding current and proper wire-electrode distance was a key factor to stabilize the welding process.     

超声复合焊接系统声场模拟及焊接电弧压力分析

提出了超声复合焊接空间中声场参数的分析方法,根据超声复合焊接特性构建了分析模型,利用COMSOL有限元分析软件模拟分析了声场参数随着发射端半径的变化情况,同时模拟分析了声场参数在不同电弧空间高度的变化规律.采用静态小孔法对不同焊接参数下稳定燃烧的直流U-TIG焊和普通TIG焊的电弧压力分布进行了测量.结果表明,U-TIG焊电弧压力峰值明显高于普通TIG焊,复合电弧能够提高焊接时熔池表面上方的电弧压力水平,但是随着电流增加,U-TIG焊和普通TIG焊电弧压力峰值的差值减小.分析认为大电流时,弧柱中心区域温度很高,电流密度很大,使TIG焊电弧压力峰值明显升高,而U-TIG焊电弧等离子流力受到气体流量的限制,电弧压力峰值增幅减小.