复合式小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼临床观察

目的 观察复合式小梁切除术对难治性青光眼的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析24例(26只眼)难治性青光眼应用复合式小梁切除术治疗患者的临床资料.结果 治疗后20眼形成功能性滤过泡;16眼不用任何药物眼压＜21 mm Hg,8眼加用1～2种降眼压药物眼压＜21 mm Hg.手术前平均眼压(38.2±5.6) mm Hg,手术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月平均眼压分别为(7.9±3.1)mm Hg、(13.5±3.7)mm Hg、(18.2±3.8)mm Hg、(18.1±3.5)mm Hg、(19.1±4.8)mm Hg,治疗前后眼压差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 复合式小梁切除术治疗难治性青光眼效果满意.     

不同类型心房颤动患者的左房压力

目的 探讨左房压力(LAP)与心房颤动(AF)发生和维持的关系.方法 90例初次行导管射频消融术(RFCA)的AF患者,分为阵发性AF(paro-AF)组46例,持续性AF(per-AF)组44例,术中描记LAP波形并测量LAP.paro-AF组记录初始窦性心律时LAPSNR和诱发出AF 3 min时的LAP3min,per-AF组记录初始AF节律下的LAPPer,.结果 AF发作时及per-AF转复窦律后急性期LAP波形的a波均消失.paro-AF组LAP3min高于LAPSNR[(18.30±8.62)mm Hg vs.(13.33±6.55)mmHg](P<0.05),per-AF组较paro-AF组AF诱发前后的LAP均增高[(21.77±8.72)mm Hg vs.(13.33±6.55)mm Hg,(21.77±8.72)mm Hg vs.(18.30±8.62)mm Hg](P<0.05).结论 AF发作时及per-AF转复窦律后急性期左房均无主动收缩功能.LAP升高可能是AF发生和维持的机制之一.     

超声乳化晶状体摘除并人工晶体植入联合房角分离术治疗青光眼合并白内障的疗效观察

目的 观察白内障超声乳化摘除+人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术(Phaco+ IOL+ GSL)治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)合并白内障的临床疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析采用Phaco+ IOL+ GSL和白内障超声乳化晶状体摘除联合小梁切除术(Phaco+ IOL+ TBL)两种手术治疗的136例(141眼)PACG合并白内障患者的临床资料.67例(69眼)采用Phaco+ IOL+ GSL手术(治疗组),69例(72眼)采用Phaco+IOL+ TBL手术(对照组),比较两组手术治疗效果.结果 治疗后1、3、6、12个月,治疗组眼压分别为(13.32±1.63)mm Hg、(14.43±1.84) mm Hg、(14.65±1.80)mm Hg、(14.73±1.88)mm Hg,视力分别为(0.423 ±0.091)、(0.472±0.088)、(0.615±0.109)、(0.682±0.127),前房深度分别为(2.75±0.59) mm、(2.97±0.56)mm、(3.25±0.58)mm、(3.41±0.64) mm.对照组眼压分别为(17.35±2.13)mm Hg、(16.87±2.15)mm Hg、(16.31±2.00) mm Hg、(15.68±2.02) mm Hg,视力分别为(0.321±0.069)、(0.362±0.062)、(0.354±0.069)、(0.381±0.088),前房深度分别为(2.21±0.48)mm、(2.35±0.40) mm、(2.41±0.47) mm、(2.43±0.56) mm.治疗组术后1、3、6、12个月眼压显著降低、视力显著上升,前房深度显著加深(均P＜0.05).两组均未出现严重并发症.结论 Phaco+ IOL+ GSL治疗PACG合并白内障临床疗效好,安全可靠,值得临床推广应用.     

豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视模型眼压昼夜节律的改变

目的 研究豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视模型眼压昼夜节律的改变,探讨眼压节律与形觉剥夺性近视形成机制的关系.方法 将出生1财的豚鼠30只单眼半透明眼罩遮盖,实验前及遮盖9周后行带状检影验光和A超测定眼轴长度,并于遮盖9周后测量24h眼压节律.结果 9周后与对照眼相比,实验眼诱导出(-6.21±2.23)D(t=-14.659,P＜0.001)的相对近视,眼轴较对照眼延长(0.48±0.23)mm (t=11.328,P＜0.001),眼压较对照眼升高(4.05±2.45)mm Hg(t=9.071,P＜0.001),24h眼压节律峰值及谷值较正常.结论 豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视模型眼压昼夜节律时相变异较正常对照眼显著,眼压昼夜节律的改变可能参与形觉剥夺性近视的形成.     

高血压病患者颈动脉斑块及冠心病与血压变异性的关系

目的 探讨高血压病患者颈动脉斑块及冠心病与血压变异性的关系.方法 选取原发性高血压患者126例,行24h动态血压、颈动脉超声、冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉CT检查.根据颈动脉超声结果分为颈动脉斑块组(64例)和非斑块组(62例),根据冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉CT检查结果分为冠心病组(77例)和非冠心病组(49例),分别比较血压变异系数与颈动脉斑块及冠心病的关系.结果 ①颈动脉斑块组SBP平均值及变异系数与非斑块组的差异有统计学意义[SBP平均值:(145±15) mm Hg比(116±10)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),变异系数:(0.09±0.03)比(0.07±0.01),P＜0.05],而组间DBP平均值及变异系数的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②冠心病组SBP变异系数和DBP平均值与非冠心病组的差异有统计学意义[SBP变异系数:(0.09±0.02)比(0.07±0.02),DBP平均值:(68±6)mm Hg比(71±6)mm Hg,P＜0.05],组间SBP平均值及DBP变异系数的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③SBP变异系数与冠心病相关(r=3.719,P=0.025).结论 血压变异系数尤其是SBP变异系数是颈动脉斑块及冠心病发病的危险因素.     

不同眼压水平对PACG患者术后视野MD值的影响

目的观察不同眼压水平对原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者术后视野MD值的影响,寻找对PACG术后患者视野损害程度最低的目标眼压值。方法选取我院原发性闭角型青光眼术后患者120例,入组时检查视野、眼压,以后每月测一次眼压,1年后再次测视野、眼压,根据眼压情况,将患者分为三组,A组:平均眼压≥17mm Hg,B组:平均眼压17mm Hg而12mm Hg,C组:平均眼压≤12mm Hg,比较三组患者1年前后视野的变化情况。结果 A组36例,B组38例,C组46例,1年前后平均缺损(MD)差值:A组为-1.540±0.613,B组为-0.480±0.606,C组为-0.005±0.507。三组间两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论原发性闭角型青光眼术后眼压控制在12mm Hg以下,视野损害最小。     

苏为坦和贝他根滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼的疗效比较

目的 比较苏为坦和贝他根治疗原发性开角型青光眼的疗效。方法 将92例原发性开角型青光眼患者按照1∶1的比例随机分为苏为坦组和贝他根组,各46例,分别使用苏为坦滴眼液和贝他根滴眼液,比较两组患者用药后不同时间节点的眼压变化。结果 用药4,12周后,7:30时眼压值苏为坦组为(15.60±1.35)mm Hg和(16.00±1.78)mm Hg,贝他根组为(15.40±0.78)mm Hg和(15.46±0.89)mm Hg,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。23:30时苏为坦组眼压下降值明显大于贝他根组(F=4.5,P=0.04<0.05)。结论 苏为坦滴眼液的疗效、稳定性及对夜间眼压的控制均优于贝他根滴眼液,值得临床推广。     

白内障超声乳化摘除+后房型折叠式人工晶体植入术治疗闭角型青光眼76例分析

目的 观察白内障超声乳化摘除+后房型折叠式人工晶体植入术治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼的疗效.方法 回顾分析我科住院行白内障超声乳化摘除+后房型折叠式人工晶体植入术治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼且资料完整的76例(106眼),其中78眼为原发性急性闭角型青光眼,28眼为原发性慢性闭角型青光眼,患者均伴有明显的晶状体混浊.随访6个月至24个月,平均14.5个月.结果 急性闭角型青光眼组术前眼压(48.2士13.7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),术后眼压(12.9士3.8)mm Hg.慢性闭角型青光眼组术前眼压(33.6±9.2)mm Hg.术后眼压(33.6±9.2)mm Hg.术后90只眼(85.0%)最佳矫正视力提高.结论 白内障超声乳化摘除+后房型折叠式人工晶体植入术可有效治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼.     

炎性因子对原发性闭角型青光眼视网膜神经纤维层损伤的影响分析

目的分析炎性因子[白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-6]对原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)损伤的影响。方法选取84例PACG患者作为观察组,根据患者的眼压不同分为A组[眼压21~30 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),40例]、B组(眼压31~40 mm Hg,18例)、C组(眼压>40 mm Hg,26例);另选取同期体检的30例健康人作为对照组。比较观察组和对照组相关临床指标[眼压、IL-2、IL-6、RNFL厚度、平均视野缺损值(MD值)],并对比A组、B组、C组的相关临床指标(眼压、IL-2、IL-6、RNFL厚度、MD值)。结果观察组患者的IL-2(21.63±2.83)μg/L、IL-6(11.33±2.84)pg/ml、RNFL厚度(22.70±10.93)μm、MD值(-16.99±9.54)均低于对照组的(25.08±0.16)μg/L、(17.41±0.08)pg/ml、(307.53±17.37)μm、(0.00±0.00),眼压(41.98±5.99)mm Hg高于对照组的(13.75±2.09)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组、B组和C组患者的眼压、IL-2、IL-6、RNFL厚度、MD值比较差异均具有统计学意义(P>0.05);C组患者眼压、IL-2、IL-6水平最高,B组次之,A组最低;A组RNFL厚度、MD值最高,B组次之,C组最低,三组组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论IL-2、IL-6水平降低可能与RNFL损伤有关。     

丝裂霉素C联合可调整缝线小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床效果观察

目的探讨丝裂霉素C联合可调整缝线小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床效果。方法 86例青光眼患者,采取随机抽样法分为观察组(44例)和对照组(42例)。观察组采取丝裂霉素C联合可调整缝线小梁切除术治疗,对照组患者采取常规的小梁切除术治疗,对比两组患者治疗前后眼压、视力范围以及并发症发生率。结果治疗后观察组并发症发生率为4.55%,视力为(0.28±0.10),眼压为(15.25±4.17)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa);对照组并发症发生率为19.05%,视力为(0.22±0.09),眼压为(21.41±4.35)mm Hg。两组患者并发症发生率、视力、眼压比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丝裂霉素C联合可调整缝线小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床效果确切,有助于改善患者视力范围和眼压,并降低其并发症发生率,值得在临床上推广应用。     

曲伏前列腺素和卡巴胆碱对白内障超声乳化加人工晶状体植入术后24h眼压的影响

目的观察曲伏前列腺素和卡巴胆碱对白内障超声乳化加人工晶状体植入术后24 h眼压的影响。方法 2011年3月至2013年3月我科室行白内障超声乳化加人工晶状体植入术患者150例,150眼,随机分为A、B、C 3组。A组患者在手术前1 h于结膜囊内滴入曲伏前列腺素眼液1滴,B组患者术毕关闭切口前于前房内注射卡巴胆碱0.2 mL,C组患者术毕关闭切口前于前房注射卡巴胆碱0.2 mL,手术前于结膜囊内滴入曲伏前列腺素眼液1滴。测量并比较所有患者术前12 h及术后12、24 h眼内压力。结果与单用组(A、B组)相比,术后12 h,联合用药组(C组)眼压升高幅度最小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后24 h,联合用药组患者眼压下降幅度最大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论曲伏前列腺素和卡巴胆碱联合用药在预防超声乳化人工晶体植入术后24 h内眼压升高起到了良好的协同作用,值得临床推广。     

Mechanism - Based Translational Pharmacokinetic - Pharmacodynamic Model to Predict Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effect of Drugs in Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension

Purpose

To develop a mechanism based translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model in preclinical species and to predict the intraocular pressure (IOP) following drug treatment in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT).

Methods

Baseline diurnal IOP of normotensive albino rabbits, beagle dogs and patients with glaucoma or OHT was collected from literature. In addition, diurnal IOP of patients treated with brimonidine or Xalatan® were also obtained from literature. Healthy normotensive New Zealand rabbits were topically treated with a single drop of 0.15% brimonidine tartrate and normotensive beagle dogs were treated with a single drop of Xalatan®. At pre-determined time intervals, IOP was measured and aqueous humor samples were obtained from a satellite group of animals. Population based PKPD modeling was performed to describe the IOP data and the chosen model was extended to predict the IOP in patients.

Results

Baseline IOP clearly depicts a distinctive circadian rhythm in rabbits versus human. An aqueous humor dynamics based physiological model was developed to describe the baseline diurnal IOP across species. Model was extended to incorporate the effect of drug administration on baseline IOP in rabbits and dogs. The translational model with substituted human aqueous humor dynamic parameters predicted IOP in patients following drug treatment.

Conclusions

A physiology based mechanistic PKPD model was developed to describe the baseline and post-treatment IOP in animals. The preclinical PKPD model was successfully translated to predict IOP in patients with glaucoma or OHT and can be applied in assisting dose and treatment selection and predicting outcome of glaucoma clinical trials.     

比较国产与进口复方噻吗洛尔滴眼液对家兔瞳孔和眼压的影响

目的 :比较复方噻吗洛尔国产滴眼液 (含0 .5 %噻吗洛尔和 2 %硝酸毛果芸香碱 )和进口滴眼液 (含 0 .5 %噻吗洛尔和 2 %盐酸毛果芸香碱 )对家兔瞳孔和眼压的影响。方法 :测量正常家兔瞳孔直径变化 ,制备水负荷高眼压兔模型并用压陷式眼压计测量家兔眼压。结果 :国产和进口滴眼液在给药后 15～ 12 0min ,家兔瞳孔明显缩小 ,较对照组眼压明显下降 ,2组间无显著统计差异。结论 :含不同毛果芸香碱盐基的复方噻吗洛尔国产滴眼液与进口滴眼液均具有明显缩瞳和降眼压作用 ,其药理作用强度和作用持续时间无明显差异。     

甘草次酸抑制兔准分子激光角膜切削术后角膜上皮下混浊的作用

目的　探讨中药甘草的主要成分甘草次酸 (gly cyrrhetinicacid ,GA)对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (pho torefractivekeratectomy ,PRK)术后角膜上皮下混浊 (haze)的抑制作用。方法　将 50只新西兰白兔分成A(0 1%GA)、B(0 2 5%GA)、C(0 5%GA )、D (0 1%地塞米松 )、E(对照组 ) 5个组 ,分别作为甘草次酸实验 (A、B、C)组 ,对照组 (D)组和空白对照 (E)组。每组按照屈光度数 -10 0 0D作PRK切削 2 0只兔眼 ,术后 5个组分别滴用 0 1%GA、0 2 5%GA、0 5%GA、0 1%地塞米松及生理盐水 3mon。术后检查Haze情况和眼压。术后 15、3 0、45、60d时分别处死实验动物并摘除各实验组及对照组 2只眼进行角膜组织病理学检查。结果　术后A、B、C、D组Haze发生情况及病理改变相近 ,而E组Haze情况较前 4组严重 ,且术后活跃的角膜上皮下纤维增生在术后 60d时仍然存在。A、B、C、E组术后眼压与术前相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5) ,D组术后眼压则明显高于术前 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5)。结论　甘草次酸对兔眼PRK术后Haze的抑制效果与 0 1%地塞米松相当 ,且无明显毒副作用     

Oculohypotensive effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in acute and chronic models of glaucoma

We have studied the effects of various angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on intraocular pressure (IOP) of rabbits with experimentally induced ocular hypertension and their mechanism of action. Acute ocular hypertension was induced by infusion of 5% glucose (15 ml/kg) through marginal ear vein, whereas chronic glaucoma was induced by injection of alpha-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of the eye. IOP was measured by tonometer. All ACE inhibitors were instilled topically in the eye in a sterile solution. The effect of ACE inhibitors also was studied on serum cholinesterase (true and pseudo) and the enzyme ACE in vitro. Enalaprilat, ramiprilat, and fosinopril produced a time-dependent decrease of IOP in both acute and chronic models of ocular hypertension in rabbits. The decrease in IOP was observed for >4 h, and the extent of decrease was comparable to that with both pilocarpine and betaxolol. Prodrugs enalapril and ramipril failed to produced any change in IOP. Losartan also produced a significant decrease in IOP in the chronic model of ocular hypertension in rabbits. All the three ACE inhibitors were found to inhibit ACE activity in aqueous humor. The enzyme cholinesterase was found to be inhibited by enalaprilat, ramiprilat, and fosinopril. However, atropine did not alter the IOP-lowering effect of enalaprilat in rabbits. Indomethacin pretreatment produced slight but significant inhibition of the IOP-lowering effect of enalaprilat in rabbits. Our data suggest that ACE inhibitors enalaprilat, ramiprilat, and fosinopril produce a significant ocular hypotensive effect in acute and chronic models of ocular hypertension in rabbits. Inhibition of ACE in aqueous humor, and in ocular tissues, resulting in reduced angiotensin II formation, could be one of the major mechanisms responsible for the IOP reduction by ACE inhibitors in rabbits.     

A novel D2-dopaminergic and alpha2-adrenoceptor receptor agonist induces substantial and prolonged IOP decrease in normotensive rabbits

The effects of a novel and selective D2-dopaminergic/alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, CHF1035, and its metabolite CHF1024 on intraocular pressure (IOP) were determined in rabbits. Because CHF1035 is a mixture of two enantiomers, CHF1800 (+) and CHF1810 (-), pure enantiomers were also studied to determine possible differences in IOP-decreasing ability depending on the stereochemistry of the molecule. CHF1035, CHF1800 (+), CHF1810 (-), CHF1024, brimonidine and 0.9% NaCl were administered topically to rabbits and IOP was then measured at fixed time intervals. The dose-response profile (0.01-1.0% w/v) was determined for CHF1035. CHF1035 and its metabolite CHF1024 significantly lowered IOP in the treated eyes. CHF1035 showed a maximum IOP decrease (7.6 +/- 1.5 mmHg) 5 h post-dosing, whereas the metabolite CHF1024 showed a maximum decrease in IOP (7.0 +/- 0.8 mmHg) 3 h post-dosing. The maximum IOP decrease produced by CHF1035 in the treated eye was comparable with that produced by brimonidine (7.8 +/- 0.9 mmHg), but CHF1035 had a significantly longer duration of action. Unlike brimonidine, CHF1035 and CHF1024 did not decrease IOP in the untreated eye. CHF1810 (-) lowered the IOP more than CHF1800 (+). No irritation, evaluated as eyelid closure, was observed after topical administration of any of the compounds. Only in the case of CHF1035 1% solution, two rabbits out of six closed the eye for 30-45 s. In conclusion, CHF1035 and its metabolite CHF1024 significantly decreased the IOP in rabbits, and are potential novel IOP lowering agents. Especially, CHF1035 produced a substantial decrease in IOP for a prolonged period of time, and thus may prove useful in glaucoma therapy.     

三七皂苷对大鼠持续性高眼压视网膜神经节细胞保护的实验研究

目的 探讨三七皂苷（PNS）对大鼠持续性高眼压下视网膜神经节细胞损伤的保护作用及机制.方法 健康SD大鼠80只随机分为四组,正常对照组、0.9%氯化钠溶液组、单纯用药组和联合用药组.采用烙闭巩膜上静脉联合术后结膜下注射5-FU（5-氟尿嘧啶）的方法制作大鼠持续性高眼压模型,所有大鼠定期测量并记录眼压.4周、8周、12周、16周、20周后分别处死大鼠,摘取眼球,TUNEL法检测视网膜神经细胞（Retinal ganglion Cells,RGCs）凋亡;AgNOR染色检测RGCs的活性;免疫组织化学检测视网膜节细胞层半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9（caspase-9）的表达.结果 术后眼压维持在（36.55±2.27）mm Hg为4周至20周左右;视网膜神经节细胞层TUNEL阳性细胞数与正常对照组差异有统计学意义;正常对照组和联合用药组RGC8细胞核内银染颗粒数比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;各组视网膜神经节细胞层caspase-9蛋白的表达较正常对照组明显增强.结论PNS对持续性高眼压导致的视网膜神经节细胞损伤有较显著保护作用.联合降眼压药控制眼压,PNS对大鼠视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用更突出.PNS能抑制视网膜神经节细胞Caspase-9的表达从而保护大鼠视网膜神经节细胞.     

Regulation of ocular adrenoceptor genes expression by 5-MCA-NAT: implications for glaucoma treatment

We have demonstrated that 5-methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine (5-MCA-NAT), reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits. In addition, we have reported a link between hypotensive effect of 5-MCA-NAT and sympathetic nervous system. Moreover, it is known that aqueous humour production is controlled by the activation of adrenoceptors (ADRs) present in the ocular ciliary epithelium. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if the hypotensive effect of 5-MCA-NAT is due to a regulation of ciliary ADR genes expression. To confirm this we followed the effect of 5-MCA-NAT on rabbit IOP for 144 consecutive hours. A sustained IOP reduction for up to 72 h (P<0.01) was seen. In addition, changes in ADRB2 and ADRA2A mRNA were measured in cultured rabbit nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells. After 5-MCA-NAT treatment, a significant downregulation of ADRB2 and upregulation of ADRA2A was observed. These results provide the regulation of ADRs mRNA by 5-MCA-NAT.     

Circadian IOP-lowering efficacy of travoprost 0.004% ophthalmic solution compared to latanoprost 0.005%

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the intraocular pressure- (IOP) lowering efficacy over two consecutive 24-h periods of travoprost 0.004% ophthalmic solution (Travatan) compared to latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan) dosed once daily in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: This was a double-masked trial conducted at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. The primary objective of this study was to determine the IOP lowering efficacy of travoprost and latanoprost. During the eligibility visit, patients' IOP was measured throughout two consecutive 24-h periods every 4 h. Patients were then randomized to travoprost or latanoprost (one drop at 8 p.m. daily for 2 weeks). Sixty-two patients were randomized (travoprost n = 32; latanoprost n = 30). IOP was measured at week 2 every 4 h throughout two 24-h periods. All measurements were taken in both supine and sitting positions with the aid of Perkins applanation tonometry. Limitations of the study include a small sample size (due to the difficulty in recruiting patients in a study of this type) which enrolled only Caucasian patients and a short study duration. However, with 25 subjects per group, there was at least 90% power to detect a mean IOP change from baseline of 2.9 mmHg and 80% power to detect a difference of 2.5 mmHg between treatments. RESULTS: Patients on travoprost therapy showed lower mean IOP levels than those on latanoprost. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 40, and 48 h after the last dose for the supine position. The mean IOPs in the supine position throughout the first and the second 24-h period of the week 2 visit as well as for the 48-h visit were statistically lower (p < 0.05) for the travoprost group. Adverse events were mild and included hyperemia and corneal staining. Travoprost and latanoprost were both well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Mean IOP values were significantly lower for patients on travoprost for the majority of time points in the supine position.     

The effect of topical dihydroergocristine on the intraocular pressure in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits

Having previously reported that topical dihydroergocristine dose-dependently reduces intraocular pressure in ocular normotensive rabbits with a maximum response and potency higher than those of timolol and pilocarpine, the aim of the present work was to assess the effect of this drug in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits. Intraocular pressure was measured with a pneumatonometer. The experiments examining the effects of dihydroergocristine on intraocular pressure were conducted in 10 albino rabbits in which ocular hypertension was induced by intracameral injection of alpha-chymotrypsin. Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and 5 different doses of topical dihydroergocristine were studied in order to obtain a dose-response curve. Tonographies were also performed in ocular hypertensive rabbits 2 h after vehicle and dihydroergocristine instillation to ascertain the actions of this drug on aqueous humor dynamics. Topical dihydroergocristine was found to lower intraocular pressure in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits in a dose-related manner, with the ED50 of the concentration-response curve very similar to that previously obtained in ocular normotensive rabbits. Data from tonographic studies indicate that dihydroergocristine reduces intraocular pressure in this animal model for glaucoma by decreasing the aqueous humor inflow. Our findings suggest that topical dihydroergocristine may be useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension.