商用制冷陈列柜能耗标准分析

制冷陈列柜,作为超市必备的一种制冷工具,已获得日趋广泛的应用。同时,制冷陈列柜属于高耗能产品,其耗电量达到整个超市耗电量的70％左右。因此,控制制冷陈列柜耗电量对节能工作具有重要意义。目前,世界上许多国家都制定了制冷陈列柜的能效标准（多为强制性）,并实施了能效标识制度。本文重点介绍澳大利亚、美国等国家及地区的制冷陈列柜能效标准及标识情况,并以此为依据对我国能效标准的建立提出意见。     

冷冻冷藏

<正>自携式商用冷柜能效标准2017年起实施2015年12月18日消息,《商用制冷器具能效限定值和能效等级第2部分:GB 26920.2—2015自携冷凝机组商用冷柜》将于2017年1月1日开始实施。GB 26920第2部分主要规定了自携式商用冷柜的能效限定值、能效等级、节能评价值、试验方法和检验规则。据了解,本标准中涉及的自携冷凝机组商用冷柜主要包括用于销售和陈列食品的自携式制冷陈列柜;商店、宾馆和饭店等场所使用的封闭式自携饮料冷藏陈列柜;实体门商用冷柜、非零售用的自携式制冷陈列柜。     

美国出台商用制冷设备新能效标准

<正>为配合美国政府和美国能源部气候行动方案的实施,美国能源部(DOE)于2月28日出台了针对商用制冷设备的新能效标准。未来30年里,这些标准将有助于减少大约1.42亿t碳排放,相当于美国1430万家庭的年用电量,节约117亿美元的能源开支。能源部负责人Ernest Moniz指出:"在美国的超市和便利店里,制冷设备的用能占到总能耗的近40%,成为企业最大的开支之一。通过提高商用制冷设备的能效,如餐馆里的大型冰箱或便利店中的熟食陈列柜,我们可以使得企业更具竞争力,减少温室     

学会动态

2006年度全国制冷标准化技术委员会工作会议在杭州召开全国制冷标准化技术委员会于2006年10月11-14日在杭州召开了2006年度工作会议,会议讨论并通过了委员会2006年工作总结和2007年工作计划,审查了八项标准。委员会在听取标准编制组起草过程介绍的基础上,分别对五项推荐性国家标准:《制冷陈列柜第1部分:术语》、《制冷陈列柜第2部分:分类、要求和试验条件》、《商用冷藏柜试验方法第1部分:通用试验条件及温度试验》、《商用冷藏柜试验方法第2部分:偶然机械性接触试验》、《血液冷藏箱》;一项强制性行业标准:《商用制冷器具的安全要求》和二…     

采用并联双制冷系统的立式风冷陈列柜的性能研究

商用冷柜能效新标准(GB26920.2—2015《商用制冷器具能效限定值和能效能级第二部分:自携冷凝机组商用冷柜》)在2017年正式实施,要求商用冷柜进一步节能降耗。本文通过研究商用冷柜的产品特性,对其进行技术改进,提出了一种并联双压缩机制冷系统,并将其应用在商用立式风冷陈列柜上,试验探究并联双压缩机制冷系统对陈列柜性能的影响及降低其耗电量的方法。试验结果表明,通过合理的设计并联双制冷系统,同时对陈列柜毛细管长度及充注量,双压缩机控制策略和风机运行策略3方面进行优化,最终陈列柜在冷冻工况下的耗电量仅有5.4 kW·h/24 h,在冷藏工况下耗电量为1.15 kW·h/24 h,分别是新国标中一级能效规定值的60%和72%。     

商用陈列柜的可靠性和能耗分析

商用陈列柜作为一种独特的商用制冷产品，除了考虑其商用价值外，重点在其可靠性和低能耗，本文分析了影响商用陈列柜可靠性和能耗的因素，阐明了温度对冷冻负荷和冷冻能力的影响，对比了多台并联机组与单台的机组差别，为实际使用和选型奠定了基础。     

4月27日，国家标准馆辽宁分馆、WTO/TBT辽宁通报咨询中心在省标准化研究院举行挂牌仪式

2007年2月8日，全国能源基础与管理标准化技术委员会在北京召开了制冷陈列柜国家能效标准制定工作启动会，来自全国能源基础与管理标准化技术委员会、中国标准化研究院、中国制冷学会、国家商业用制冷设备质量监督检验中心、天津商学院、开利中国研究中心、上海海立中野冷机有限公司、大连三洋冷链有限公司等专家学者出席了会议。     

家用与商用冷柜标准区别及对产品的影响

GB/T 8059—2016《家用和类似用途制冷器具》是针对家用冷柜产品的国家标准,GB/T 21001—2015(所有部分)《制冷陈列柜》是针对商用冷柜中制冷陈列柜产品的国家标准,SB/T 10794—2012(所有部分)《商用冷柜》是针对商用冷柜产品的行业标准,JB/T 7244—2018《冷柜》适用于电动机驱动压缩机的自携式冷柜。本文通过介绍前3个标准的区别,分析标准对相应产品的影响。     

自携冷凝机组商用冷柜能效标准解读

本文介绍了目前我国商用冷柜采用的能效标准情况,制定背景、过程,及其配套性能试验方法标准。对不同类型冷柜能效标准测试的气候条件以及基准耗电量参考值的表进行了分类概述。对基准耗电量的公式中各参数的涵义进行了分析;同时解读了能效测试中部分试验条件的要求;最后对自携式商用冷柜测试中影响能耗的因素进行了汇总,该部分为商柜提升能效指明了方向。能效标准的出台将为食品安全和节约能耗奠定基础。     

制冷陈列柜热工性能试验方法研究

阐述了制冷陈列柜标准的发展历史.根据GB/T 21001-2007介绍了冷柜的主要性能的试验方法;以及冷柜中一个重要的性能指标排热率的计算方法,并对两种不同的计算排热率的方法进行比较;最后针对检测中发现的问题提出了建议.GB/T21001-2007标准的有效实施,为将来能效标准的实施奠定了基础.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.