核农学在中国

核技术是农业科学研究的有力工具，在中国形成了一门以核技术农业应用为主要内容的综合性很强的交叉学科一核农学。核农学是农业科学和农业生产中的一项高新技术，是非核动力应用中的一个重要方面，也是核技术应用一个卓有成效的科学领域。核农学涉及到许多基础理论、方法学和应用技术及工艺等一系列问题，在具体应用中需要不断研究创新才能发挥其作用。在过去的数十年间，我国重视了上述各方面的研究，核技术在农业领域中的应用(包括诱变育种、     

中国核农学现状与21世纪初的发展

我国核技术农业应用 ,经过 40多年的发展 ,对农业生产发展和农业科学技术进步产生了深刻的影响 ,并取得了日益明显的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益 ,已形成了一门新兴的边缘学科———核农学 (ＮｕｃｌｅａｒＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ)。从总体而言 ,核农学已成为改造、革新传统农业和促进农业现代化的重要科学技术 ,核农学研究成果中 ,有的直接促进增产和改进产品品质 ;有的减轻或避免了自然灾害所造成损失 ;有的则为节约能耗开辟了新途径等。中国核农学在长期的发展中逐步形成了两个体系 :一是有 2 6个省、市、自治区建立…     

我国辐射诱变育种的现状分析

介绍了近年来我国辐射诱变育种领域研究进展和主要成就，分析了辐射诱变育种技术在农业生产与科研中的重要作用以及技术本身的发展前景，提出了促进辐射诱变育种发展的具体建议。     

广西辐射安全管理现状与对策

针对广西的核工业与核技术应用现状，就目前的核与辐射安全监管情况进行简要分析，并提出建设广西辐射源安全动态管理系统、规范涉源单位许可管理、加强对伴生放射性矿产资源开发放射性污染防治、建设广西辐射监测网络和事故应急响应体系等，加强和完善广西辐射安全监管的措施和建议。     

核农学在农业生态环境研究中的地位和发展战略

阐述了核农学的概念、研究范畴、研究进展及几十年来所取得的成就,并就核农学与农业生态环境的关系进行了探讨,提出了核农学在农业生态环境研究中的学科前沿、主要研究领域和优先发展领域,并就加强和改进核农学研究提出了几点建议,为核农学在生态环境中的应用及发展战略提供了基本素材与思考。     

用CB微核法研究离体血辐射剂量与微核率的量效关系

应用胞质分裂阻滞微核技术（简称CB微核法），探讨了X射线与60Coγ射线，以及不同剂量率的60Coγ射线诱发微核率与辐射剂量的量效关系。结果表明，剂量率相同，照射剂量相同，60Coγ射线辐照所得微核频率明显高于X射线照射所得微核频率。不同剂量率的60Coγ射线照射，高剂量率所得微核产率高。剂量效应曲线不仅与不同的辐射种类有关，而且同一种性质的射线在不同剂量率情况下，刻度曲线不一样，因而应选用不同剂量率作刻度曲线。在发生辐射事故时，应选用剂量率刻度曲线接近的一种。     

江苏省核与辐射安全监管体系创新研究

随着核技术应用的快速发展,核与辐射安全监管的重要地位凸显,如何对辖区内辐射污染防治工作实施有效监管,构建完善的省级核与辐射安全监管框架体系,提高核与辐射安全监管能力,是省级环保部门需要面对的崭新课题.本文通过江苏省核与辐射监管体制创新、机制创新、能力创新和信息化创新等方面探讨,提出省级核与辐射安全监管模式,初步建立了我省辐射安全监管体系框架.     

用CB微核法研究离体血辐射剂量与向生核率的量效关系

应用胞质分裂阻滞微核技术，探讨了Ｘ射线与＾６０Ｃｏγ射线，以及不同剂量率的＾６０Ｃｏγ射线诱发微核率与辐射剂量的量效关系。结果表明，剂量率相同，照射剂量相同，＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照所得微核频率明显高于Ｘ射线照射所得微核频率。     

我国核农学成就举世瞩目

核农学是一门有发展前途的新兴科学,它是核技术与农学相结合的学科,它投资少,效益高,已成为我国发展国民经济、促进农业现代化的一项重要技术。     

核电厂核技术利用的辐射安全管理

工业核技术在核电厂应用的领域较广,分析核电厂内工业核技术利用领域的辐射安全管理特点,结合核设施运营的核安全监管体系,可进一步优化理念、方法和措施,不断提升核与辐射安全监督管理工作,促进核电厂改进辐射安全管理工作。     

中国应用核技术发展生物产业(英文)

中国已建立了26个原子能农业利用研究所,分布在各省、市、自治区,形成一个科研网络;还成立了21个原子能农学会,挂靠在各研究所,形成一个学术交流网络。这两个网络的主要活动有:(1)研究;(2)教学与培训;(3)学术交流;(4)推广与技术服务。本文概述了近年来在各方面取得的进展与成就。所有这些研究均与中国当前的“星火计划”、“高技术计划”以及“基础研究计划”紧密配合,其长远目标在于推进生物产业的发展。     

Applications of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) in agriculture: a brief review and the novel development of a radio-frequency CAP jet generator for plant mutation

Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) have shown great applicability in agriculture. Many kinds of CAP sources have been studied in agricultural applications to promote plant growth and cure plant diseases. We briefly review the state-of-the-art stimulating effects of atmospheric-pressure dielectric-barrier-discharge (AP-DBD) plasmas, after the direct or indirect treatment of plants for growth promotion and disease control. We then discuss the special demands on the characteristics of the CAP sources for their applications in plant mutation breeding. An atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) jet generator with a large plasma irradiation area, a high enough concentration of chemically reactive species and a low gas temperature is designed for direct plant mutagenesis. Experimental measurements of the electrical, thermal and optical features of the ARTP generator are conducted. Then, an ARTP-P (ARTP for plant mutagenesis) mutation breeding machine is developed, and a typical case of plant mutation breeding by the ARTP-P mutation machine is presented using Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. seeds. Physical and agricultural experiments show that the newly-developed ARTP-P mutation breeding machine with a large irradiation area can generate uniform CAP jets with high concentrations of chemically reactive species and mild gas temperatures, and have significant mutagenesis effects on the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. seeds. The ARTP-P mutation breeding machine may provide a platform for systematic studies on mutation mechanisms and results for various plant seeds under different operating conditions in future research.     

超导核辐射探测器及其应用

超导核辐射探测器已研究了40多年。现在已发展到这样的程度,对低温超导体核辐射探测器,1988年以来对~(55)Fe 5.9keV X射线FWHM已达到45eV,就77K温区的高Tc超导体核辐射探测器来说,经过短短三四年的努力,在实验上已观测到对核辐射的响应。随着高Tc超导体薄膜生长技术的不断改进,高Tc超导薄膜性能的不断提高, 并与半导体器件工艺的结合,在不久的将来会有重大的突破。 本文介绍超导体核辐射探测器的发展概况、工作原理,目前已达到的水平和它的应用前景。     

中国核技术应用产业发展现状

核技术应用作为高技术产业逐渐受到政府重视,并于“十三五”正式被国家纳入加强前瞻布局的战略性新兴产业。为更好地把握核技术应用产业高速发展的战略机遇期,本文在《2016—2017核技术应用学科发展报告》研究的基础上,通过进一步调查研究,总结了我国核技术在工业、医学、农业和社会安全领域应用的整体发展情况,以及2018年以来取得的最新进展,并对上述领域的技术水平、产业规模及发展前景进行了分析。结合核技术应用发展所面临的形势,对比了我国与日韩等国家核技术应用产业的经济规模,展望了我国核技术应用产业的发展前景及趋势。     

Radiation damage of alkali borate glasses for application in safe nuclear waste disposal

The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance technique has been used to study the time decay of paramagnetic species induced by gamma irradiation and the radiation hardness of different alkali borate glasses for their application in safe nuclear waste disposal. Glasses with different composition have been prepared by conventional melt-quenching. Glass compositions have been chosen to elucidate the role of different alkali cations and of aluminium oxide on the borate glass network. The paramagnetic states detected in these glasses have been attributed, according to the literature, to the formation of hole centers associated with threefold coordinated boron. The results indicate that the time decay trend of the different glasses is slow and that the constant decay does not appear related to the chemical composition. Moreover, the undesired strong fading of the radiation-induced signal during the first 24 h after irradiation, observable in silicate glasses has not been detected. Although no species detectable by a X band spectrometer have been generated, the interaction of lithium borate glasses with air seem to accelerate the system decay rate. Annealing was finally performed and optimized, investigating the correlation between the chemical composition and the radiation damage recovery.     

Economic Scale of Utilization of Radiation (II): Agriculture

The economic scale of the application of radiation in the field of agriculture in Japan was estimated from public documents to be about 964M$ (million dollars) in 1997. In the food irradiation, an amount of 15,000t of potatoes irradiated per year in Hokkaido was estimated to be worth 16M$. Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) used for combating losses due to the melon fly in the mainly Okinawa region produced as much as 70M$ in benefits. Production of rice using varieties developed by mutation breeding was about 3% of overall production in Japan and the economic scale was 774M$. Radioisotope (RI) utilized in laboratory work, environmental analysis and chronology was accounted to be as high as 24M$. The relative ratios of radiation processing (136M$), mutation breeding (804M$) and RI utilization (24M$) were 14%, 83%, and 3%, respectively. The economic scale surveys in food irradiation and mutation breeding were extended to the United States of America (hereinafter abbreviated as U.S.A. or U.S.) for a direct comparison to the situation in Japan. As to maximum estimation, it amounted to be 3.2b$ (billion dollars) for food irradiation and 11.2b$ for mutation breeding. The economic scale for agriculture products within our scope was 14.5b$ for the U.S. and about 0.8b$ for Japan, implying that the former is larger in magnitude by a factor of about 18.     

独联体放射性监测仪表现状

本文介绍了独联体在环境辐射监测仪表、环境样品放射性核素含量检测仪器、气溶胶探测装置与多功能辐射剂量仪表方面的具有代表性的产品的性能指标供有关人员参考。     

我国临床核医学发展现状及相关人员放射防护措施探究

随着核医学诊疗技术的不断发展,其在我国应用逐渐增多,但尚存在对核医学诊疗认识程度不够、配套管理和防护措施跟进不及时等不足。为提高公众对我国临床核医学发展状况的认识,本文就我国核医学诊疗技术的应用现状和如何提高其辐射防护措施,特别是医院核医学科的布局、管理要求,核医学科相关技术人员及放射性核素诊疗患者的防护措施进行了综述和建议,旨在为未来核医学科发展相配套的管理及辐射防护提供参考。