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由于电压在整个电网中的重要性,电压无功控制越来越引起注意。该文分析了电压与无功的 关系后,提出了两种AVC模型——软件AVC和硬件AVC,详细介绍了硬件AVC的硬件原理及软件 框图,并分析了AVC的闭锁条件。 相似文献
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介绍了一种新的用于地区电网的自动电压控制(AVC)系统,该系统遵循无功在高电压水平下分层分区平衡原则,通过协调控制,全面实现AVC的各种控制目标。首先提出了区域电压控制、就地电压控制和区域无功控制3种控制模式,分析了各控制模式时间解耦并协调配合的方法;然后介绍了与能量管理系统(EMS)一体化设计的AVC系统的设计与实现。新开发的AVC系统已投入多个地区电网实际运行,结果表明AVC系统对提高电网电压合格率、优化无功、降低网损有明显的效果,并大大减轻了运行人员的劳动强度。 相似文献
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电站AVC控制设计与实现 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过分析现阶段电站电压调节的现状,阐述了电站投入自动电压控制(AVC)的必要性,并详细介绍了电站AVC的原理、AVC设计(包括硬件、模式设置、无功分配原则)、实现的功能及非正常工况处理等. 相似文献
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水电厂自动电压控制(AVC)的总体目标是根据电网要求,考虑电厂及机组的运行限制条件,使电厂电压稳定安全.文中首先介绍电厂侧AVC系统的一般要求,然后以柘溪电厂为例,具体阐述包括功能约束和保护闭锁的AVC策略,在PQ曲线限制的实现和提高电压调整精度方面进行了重点分析,实验表明考虑无功进相的AVC系统切实可行,调节跟踪精度在0.4 kV以内. 相似文献
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主要介绍基于子站级的龙滩水电厂AVC自动电压控制系统的工作模式、控制策略和安全约束条件,通过分析、研讨并总结出一些AVC系统构建经验,以促进大型发电厂电压自动化调节控制技术水平不断提高。 相似文献
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基于重庆电网电压控制的特殊要求和电厂自动电压控制(AVC)系统的一般配置,针对重庆电网运行方式复杂的特点,给出了变增益的AVC控制策略.具体方法包括防止通信中断的指令编码方式和在电网发生大变动时减小调节增益的方式.实验表明,给出的AVC控制策略切实可行,可从电厂的角度进一步保证电网的电压控制安全. 相似文献
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详细介绍了紫坪铺水电厂自动电压控制(AVC)系统的功能、控制原理、保证AVC系统安全稳定运行的措施及AVC投运半年后出现的问题和解决办法。 相似文献
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《给水排水》2014,(9)
正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc. 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明:库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。 相似文献
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Mutlu Ozdogan Curtis E. Woodcock Guido D. Salvucci Hüseyin Demir 《Water Resources Management》2006,20(3):467-488
Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary
data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated
fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding
of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold
(from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area
from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate
a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a
volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes
in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future
water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation
due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation
conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation
sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead
to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献