阻燃尼龙材料的发展现状

简述了阻燃尼龙材料的阻燃机理和行业应用需求,着重介绍了阻燃尼龙材料的行业应用标准:阻燃尼龙材料的阻燃等级一般要达到V-0级,灼热丝燃烧指数(GWFI)达到960℃,灼热丝发火温度(GWIT)达到775℃;高端阻燃尼龙材料的相对漏电起痕指数(CTI)达到500 V。通过对不同类型阻燃体系阻燃机理的分析和探讨,认为含卤阻燃尼龙未来势必淘汰,而无卤阻燃尼龙将会向低毒性、复配协效阻燃和功能多样化的需求上继续发展。     

尼龙阻燃剂的研究进展

尼龙是由二胺和二酸聚合而成的一种具有高性能的高分子材料,它属于可燃材料。目前对于尼龙的阻燃性能改善有很多研究,不同类型的阻燃剂添加对于尼龙阻燃的性能以及力学性能有着不同的影响。针对阻燃剂的阻燃机理以及阻燃方式的研究进行了综述,并以此为基础对尼龙阻燃剂的发展方向和前景进行了展望。     

无卤阻燃玻纤增强尼龙复合材料研究进展

尼龙玻纤增强材料目前被应用于电子产品、电气设备、汽车零部件、家电等领域，尼龙是指一种具有高机械性能结构的新型高聚物材料，它是属于一种可燃烧的材料。因此开展无卤阻燃尼龙玻纤增强复合新材料方面的关键技术研究开发和产品开发将是一种十分有必要的方面。为了解决尼龙玻纤增强的阻燃性能需填加阻燃助剂达到阻燃效果，对不同的类型的阻燃剂及其添加方式对于尼龙阻燃复合材料的阻燃性能以及机械力学性能等有着完全不同类型的影响。针对阻燃剂的主要阻燃机理分析以及主要阻燃作用方式机理的应用研究结果进行作了研究阐述。     

高性能、环保阻燃尼龙的研究进展和发展趋势

阐述了国内外无卤阻燃尼龙的研究进展以及市场的发展趋势,尤其对高性能,磷系阻燃尼龙材料的研究和开发进行了重点介绍.     

阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙-6的研究进展

综述了阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙-6材料燃烧过程中的"烛芯效应"以及燃烧特性,重点总结了适用于该种材料的各种阻燃体系,包括阻燃剂类型、改性研究成果。根据近年来国内外阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙-6的现状,介绍了综合发展趋势。     

尼龙-66的无卤阻燃研究与进展

尼龙-66属易燃的工程材料,为拓宽其应用领域,需对其进行阻燃处理。笔者综述了近几年尼龙-66常用无卤阻燃剂的种类及其阻燃机理。     

矿用抽出式局部通风机尼龙叶片的开发与应用

采用多层功能材料复合增强方法制备了阻燃，抗静电，高强度尼龙叶片，其内芯材料具有阻燃，增强的功能，外层材料具有阻燃，抗静电及耐磨性。将外层材料配制成溶胶涂履于内芯上制作的尼龙叶片，完全能满足大风量，高风压抽出式局部通风机的需要。     

一种新型红磷阻燃母料阻燃玻纤增强尼龙的研究

采用一种新型红磷阻燃母料(RPM3025)作为阻燃剂,玻璃纤维作为增强材料,制备了阻燃增强尼龙材料.研究了这种新型红磷阻燃母料和已经商品化的中低端红磷阻燃母料所制备的阻燃增强尼龙在物理性能、力学性能、阻燃性和热性能等方面的差别.结果表明:RPM3025制备的阻燃增强尼龙密度较轻、流动性较好、热变形温度和热稳定性较高,阻燃性达到了UL94 V-0级(1.6 mm).尽管其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量略有降低,但冲击强度从11.4 kJ/m2大大提高到16.6 kJ/m2.而RPM3025制备的阻燃增强尼龙66的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量下降较大,并且热变形温度和热稳定也明显降低.     

赤磷阻燃母料在再生尼龙中的应用

采用赤磷阻燃母料（RPM440H）作为无卤阻燃剂,对再生尼龙（PA66、PA6）进行了阻燃改性。采用双螺杆挤出加工工艺,通过添加不同组分阻燃剂制得了耐漏电阻燃增强尼龙复合材料;比较了再生尼龙品种、阻燃剂（RPM440H）用量、协同阻燃剂及玻璃纤维对材料的改性效果;确定了最佳工艺参数和配方。结果表明,赤磷阻燃母料（RPM440H）对各品种再生尼龙（PA66、PA6）的阻燃效果均较理想;采用本工艺制得的阻燃增强尼龙复合材料的电性能、阻燃性能、机械性能优异,完全能满足耐漏电低压电子、电器件的要求,已成功应用在正泰、德力西、人民电器等低压漏电保护器中。     

我国阻燃尼龙的发展现状

简述了对尼龙进行阻燃的基本途径,综述了国内应用于阻燃尼龙的部分阻燃剂、阻燃机理和研究进展,并展望了阻燃尼龙的发展趋势.     

A comparison of fire retarded and non‐fire retarded wood‐based wall linings exposed to fire in an enclosure

Full‐scale fire experiments were carried out in an ISO room to study the behaviour of commonly used cellulosic lining materials in real fire conditions. In addition to the temperature measurements recommended by the ISO 9705, temperature recordings were made at each node of grid lines on the wall lining surfaces. Four lining materials were chosen to represent different types of products and the surface spread of classifications determined using the BS 476 Part 7 flame spread test environment. The linings included fire retarded, melamine faced and non‐fire retarded boards which facilitated a comparative study of the behaviour of these materials with respect to ignition, flame spread, heat release rate and time to flashover. Corner fire scenarios were used in all the experiments. A T shape flame spread pattern on the surface of the two adjacent walls was observed prior to flashover. Prior to the onset of flashover conditions, downward opposed flow surface flame spread to the wall/ceiling intersection. For the non‐retarded wood based materials, such as plywood and medium density fibre board, flashover conditions occurred approximately 4 min after the start of the experiment. However, the fire retarded chipboard ignition was delayed by some 11 min 45 s after which flame spread was very rapid with flashover occurring within a further 1 min 45 s. An explanation for this particular behaviour is the considerable pre‐heating which occurred during the pre‐ignition period. For the fire retarded linings, much higher surface temperatures were recorded compared with those for non‐fire retarded linings. It was found that the areas of the fire retarded linings facing the source flame suffered extensive pyrolysis and charring which penetrated to the rear surface of the lining. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

尼龙6/粘土纳米复合材料的性能

对尼龙6/粘土纳米复合材料(PA6CN)的力学性能、结晶性能、流变性能、热稳定性、阻隔性能、阻燃性能、各向异性和可纺性进行了综述。加入粘土后,基体尼龙6的晶型变为γ型,改善了尼龙6的力学性能,提高了热变形温度,降低了吸水率,改善了气体阻隔性和材料的阻燃性,拓宽了复合材料的应用范围。     

无卤阻燃剂在阻燃尼龙中的应用

简要介绍了一些阻燃尼龙常用的无卤阻燃剂的种类及其阻燃机理。     

Crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of nylon 10,10 in nylon 10,10–montmorillonite nanocomposites

The crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of nylon 10,10 in neat nylon 10,10 and in nylon 10,10–montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were systematically investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization kinetics results show that the addition of MMT facilitated the crystallization of nylon 10,10 as a heterophase nucleating agent; however, when the content of MMT was high, the physical hindrance of MMT layers to the motion of nylon 10,10 chains retarded the crystallization of nylon 10,10, which was also confirmed by polarized optical microscopy. However, both nylon 10,10 and nylon 10,10–MMT nanocomposites exhibited multiple melting behavior under isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization conditions. The temperature of the lower melting peak (peak I) was independent of MMT content and almost remained constant; however, the temperature of the highest melting peak (peak II) decreased with increasing MMT content due to the physical hindrance of MMT layers to the motion of nylon 10,10 chains. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2181–2188, 2003     

Flame retardants and heat release: review of data on individual polymers

This is part of a project considering whether flame retardants affect polymer heat release, a critical issue to assess whether adding flame retardants decreases fire hazard. The work investigated the following. (1) Fire properties affecting fire hazard, confirming that heat release rate is the key fire property most strongly influencing fire hazard. (2) Ways to assess heat release and whether full‐scale fire heat release rate can be predicted from small‐scale test results, confirming that cone calorimeter and Ohio State University data are adequate to predict full‐scale heat release. (3) Analysis of key 1988 NBS/NIST study comparing the fire hazard of flame retarded products versus non‐flame retarded products for the same application. This confirmed that the study demonstrated that flame retardants lower fire hazard and that the levels of additives in the flame retarded products used were not excessive. (4) Review of studies investigating effects of flame retardants on various polymeric systems. The overall conclusion is that flame retardants does indeed improve fire safety (when used appropriately) primarily because they decrease heat release. Part 2 of the project (separately) considers the key polymers that need to be potentially flame retarded and reviews recent studies on effects of flame retardants on heat released by such polymers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无卤阻燃增强尼龙66的研制

在尼龙66中添加无卤复合阻燃剂TA-160228%（质量分数,下同）,相容剂4%及玻纤30%制得了一种阻燃增强尼龙66,其垂直燃烧（1.6mm）达阻燃级FV-0,漏电痕迹指数为500V,热分解温度为345℃。     

三聚氰胺氰尿酸阻燃尼龙6的抗熔滴燃烧性研究

考察传统抗滴落剂聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）微粉和氮磷复合型阻燃剂三聚氰胺磷酸盐（MP）对三聚氰胺氰尿酸（MCA）阻燃尼龙6抗熔滴燃烧性的影响。结果表明,PTFE与MCA之间有对抗效应,加入PTFE后材料的阻燃性能有所降低;而MP可显著增强其凝聚相过程,有效降低材料的熔滴燃烧性,提高材料的阻燃性能。     

高分子阻燃剂溴化聚苯乙烯阻燃PA6的研究

采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法合成低相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布较窄的聚苯乙烯(PS),以PS、Br2为原料,AlCl3作催化剂,CH2Cl2为溶剂,低温反应5～6h合成低相对分子质量溴化聚苯乙烯(BPS),用于对PA6进行阻燃。考察了反应条件对聚合过程及产物性能的影响,并研究了阻燃PA6的流变性能、力学性能、阻燃性能。结果表明,随着阻燃剂含量的增加,PA6的阻燃性能和流变性能均有较大提高,力学性能下降较少,当在PA6中添加质量分数为19%的BPS和Sb2O3复合阻燃剂时,阻燃PA6能够达到UL94V-0级,满足家用电器的阻燃法规,而且此时体系的综合性能也较好。     

LDHs的改性及其在阻燃材料中的研究与应用进展

综述了水滑石类化合物(LDHs)的改性方法及其在阻燃高分子材料中的应用进展。水滑石的改性应向多元素协效、有机/无机复合和制备大分子型阻燃剂方向发展;阻燃高分子材料既要具有良好的阻燃和抑烟性能,又要具有环境友好、价格低、便于工业化生产等特点。