压缩天然气在气田钻井机组的应用

天然气气田钻井发动机机组燃料由柴油改为柴油-天然气双燃料,是提高经济效益、降低开发成本的有效途径之一。论述了苏里格气田柴油一天然气双燃料钻井发动机机组的应用背景、技术和经济上的可行性、压缩天然气供应工艺流程和设备选型。     

康明斯公司宣布2013年将开始生产双燃料发动机

近日,康明斯公司宣布2013年将开始生产双燃料发动机,操作功率为597~2610千瓦。据悉,这些双燃料发动机将采用共同综合控制,可从柴油无缝切换到双燃料。康明斯旗下的适用于海洋工程的QSK50Tier2发动机将成为首个转为双燃料的产品线,随后QSK系列的其他发动机也将转为双燃料。据了解,该系列发动机的默认操作方式为柴油。操作者可在控制面板上选择柴油和天然气的混合,然后发动机将     

邯郸市煤气公司天然气加气母站运行效果显著

邯郸市煤气公司天然气加气母站是我市天然气利用项目．自建成投入运行以来．充分发挥其经营方式灵活、供气渠道多样的优势．大力推广双燃料汽车改装和开发燃气丁业用户．成为我市燃气供应的有益补充．使我市燃气事业呈现出管道煤气、管道天然气、瓶装液化石油气、车用天然气齐头并进、协调发展的崭新态势。     

扫气压力对船用天然气/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧排放的影响

为研究扫气压力对缸内直喷船用双燃料发动机燃烧排放特性的影响规律,在通过试验数据对模型验证的基础上,采用有限容积法进行燃烧过程方程组的离散,同时采用半隐式法进行多变量耦合数值求解,分别就船用天然气/柴油双燃料发动机不同扫气压力对发动机缸内压力、缸内温度、缸内湍流和排放产物的影响进行了数值计算。结果表明:扫气压力的提高可导致缸内最大爆压增大,缸内最高温度与缸内湍流动能峰值降低;同时NO和CH⁴排放量均随扫气压力的提高呈下降趋势;扫气压力每提高0.25 bar,缸内最大爆压平均升高5%,而缸内最高温度平均降低2.5%,缸内湍流动能峰值平均降低6.9%,NO排放量减少7.8%,CH4排放量均随扫气压力的提高呈下降趋势;扫气压力每提高0.25 bar,缸内最大爆压平均升高5%,而缸内最高温度平均降低2.5%,缸内湍流动能峰值平均降低6.9%,NO排放量减少7.8%,CH⁴排放量减少10.9%,扫气压力对CH4排放量减少10.9%,扫气压力对CH⁴排放的影响比对NO排放的影响更明显。研究表明,船用天然气/柴油双燃料发动机在运行过程中,应在发动机热负荷允许的范围内,尽可能采用高的扫气压力,以降低未燃CH4排放的影响比对NO排放的影响更明显。研究表明,船用天然气/柴油双燃料发动机在运行过程中,应在发动机热负荷允许的范围内,尽可能采用高的扫气压力,以降低未燃CH⁴和NO的排放,从而提升发动机的动力性和经济性。     

扫气压力对船用天然气/柴油双燃料发动机燃烧排放的影响

为研究扫气压力对缸内直喷船用双燃料发动机燃烧排放特性的影响规律,在通过试验数据对模型验证的基础上,采用有限容积法进行燃烧过程方程组的离散,同时采用半隐式法进行多变量耦合数值求解,分别就船用天然气/柴油双燃料发动机不同扫气压力对发动机缸内压力、缸内温度、缸内湍流和排放产物的影响进行了数值计算。结果表明:扫气压力的提高可导致缸内最大爆压增大,缸内最高温度与缸内湍流动能峰值降低;同时NO和CH_4排放量均随扫气压力的提高呈下降趋势;扫气压力每提高0.25 bar,缸内最大爆压平均升高5%,而缸内最高温度平均降低2.5%,缸内湍流动能峰值平均降低6.9%,NO排放量减少7.8%,CH_4排放量减少10.9%,扫气压力对CH_4排放的影响比对NO排放的影响更明显。研究表明,船用天然气/柴油双燃料发动机在运行过程中,应在发动机热负荷允许的范围内,尽可能采用高的扫气压力,以降低未燃CH_4和NO的排放,从而提升发动机的动力性和经济性。     

大同市广济液化气公司简介

大同市广济液化气公司中心组建于1995年3月,具备和持有山西省建委颁发的“城市燃气企业资质证书”“城市燃气企业设计资质证书”和“燃气企业施工资质证书”。是山西省唯一3证俱全的专业燃气单位。 专业从事:液化石油气小区管道供气,储气站建设,天然气开发,LPG双燃料汽车改装和加气站建设。按政府安排企业2002年底完成改制:安装部分成为独立核算的有限责任公司,供气部分年底完成改革。改制后     

柴油/二甲醚双燃料发动机的排放性能研究

为研究不同二甲醚掺混比对柴油/二甲醚双燃料发动机排放水平的影响,运用AVL FIRE软件对不同掺混比下的燃烧过程进行了三维数值模拟计算。研究结果表明,由于柴油与二甲醚燃料性质的差异,随着二甲醚掺混比的增加,缸内平均气体温度逐渐下降,从而抑制了NO和碳烟排放物的生成,但会导致发动机动力性能的下降,计算结果为合理的确定二甲醚的掺混比提供了依据。     

SHELL CANADA与CAT在LNG燃料试验上达成合作

正Shell加拿大公司与Caterpillar签署了一项协议,在矿车上进行一款新型发动机和LNG(液化天然气)混合燃料的试验。Caterpillar将继续研发,设计制造一款全集成矿车,用LNG代替大部分柴油,即所谓的双燃料。按照协议,Caterpillar将在加拿大阿尔伯塔省Fort McMurray附近的Shell油砂矿开展试验。除Caterpillar正在研发新型矿车以外,Shell公司也将对其现有矿车进行改造试验,给它们安装新型发动机,并提供位于Fort McMurray附近的Albian Sands燃料基础设施,用于     

改装汽油机用于燃气热泵GHP驱动的可行性分析

文章介绍了天然气发动机的历史和技术现状,重点分析了汽油机的天然气改装技术,并分析了发动机余热的回收利用。     

渔船LNG动力改造及冷能利用分析

针对某渔船进行LNG动力船舶柴油/LNG双燃料系统改造,对LNG冷量进行回收利用。对燃料储存供应系统进行改造,以满足双燃料需求。经计算,LNG储罐中产生的BOG量较小,采用直接燃烧或排空方式进行处理。发动机采用柴油/LNG双燃料模式,选用潍柴6170系列双燃料发动机,燃油与LNG的质量比为3∶7。设计了LNG冷能利用系统,利用LNG冷能进行渔品保鲜。介绍LNG冷能利用系统流程。冷媒采用R717。经计算,利用LNG冷能供冷时,每12 h可冻结的鱼量为1 583. 5 kg,满足渔船冷库需求。针对渔船危险区,从消防系统、通风系统、可燃气体报警系统、LNG储罐监控系统、防爆保护系统等方面进行安全控制方案设计。对主要设备LNG储罐进行了设备布置,选用CFW-8/P型高真空多层绝热储罐,布置于驾驶甲板敞开区域,船体安全和稳定性均满足要求。     

Performance of a twin cylinder dual-fuel diesel engine using blends of neat Karanja oil and producer gas

In the present study, performance and emission analysis are done in a twin cylinder four-stroke dual-fuel diesel engine in two cases of operation. In the first case, the engine is tested using diesel, K10 (10% neat oil+90% diesel) and K20 (20% neat oil+80% diesel) in single mode and in the dual-fuel mode with an optimum producer gas flow rate of 21.49 kg/h under different load conditions. In the second case, the engine is tested using the same test fuels in the dual-fuel mode at different gas flow rates under a constant load of 10 kW. The study reveals that the dual-fuel operation of all test fuels shows a lower engine performance and better control of smoke and oxide of nitrogen emission compared with their single-mode operation under all load conditions. Whereas other emission parameters such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon are at a higher level.     

Effect of CNG flow rate on the performance and emissions of a Mullite-coated diesel engine under dual-fuel mode

On the diesel engines that are used to generate power in transportation and industries, many researchers have to deal with major problems of smoke emissions while extracting higher efficiency. There are many studies which reported the exhaust emission reduction strategies from diesel engines by applying new combustion methods that are capable of mitigating the formation of harmful emissions. One of the methods to reduce the exhaust emissions in diesel engines is to use the dual-fuel combustion mode. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the dual-fuel engine and for this, experiments are carried out on a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine under dual-fuel and low heat rejection mode with compressed natural gas (CNG) as gaseous fuel. Engine components that are exposed to the combustion are coated with Mullite (3Al₂O₃-2SiO₂) TBC. Diesel at 200 bar injector opening pressure was used as pilot fuel and CNG at different flow rates (5, 10 and 15 litres per minute) was inducted into the combustion chamber through inlet manifold as main fuel. Experimental results show that the coating of TBC on the engine components has a positive effect on the performance emissions of the dual-fuel test engine. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was found improved significantly at all flow rates of CNG with coated engine. Emissions on the other hand were also noticed to be on the lower side with the coated engine except NO_x. Smoke emissions were significantly reduced with coated CNG operation of the test engine at all flow rates.     

A study on estimating the energetic and exergetic prices of various residential energy sources

In choosing the type of any energy sources for residential and other uses, their prices play in general a big role. These prices are based on energy values. Besides this, the application of the exergy, which is a way to a sustainable future, is more meaningful in providing information for long-term planning of resource management. In the present study, energy and exergy prices of various energy sources are investigated. The energy sources considered include coal, natural gas, furnace oil, diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and wood, while electric resistance along with heat pump and district heating are also covered. In this context, chemical exergy relations of these energy sources are presented first. The prices of various energy sources in the Turkish residential sector, which is given as an illustrative example, are then used in the calculations. Finally, the energy and exergy prices are compared with each other, while the main conclusions are listed. The highest unit energy price is that of diesel oil, while the lowest one is that of natural gas. The differences between the energy and exergy prices are small for all energy carriers.     

A comparative study of performance and combustion characteristics of a CI diesel engine fuelled with B20 biodiesel blends

This paper aims to study the diesel engine performance and combustion characteristics fuelled with Banalities aegyptiaca oil methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester, sesame methyl ester oil, rapeseed methyl ester oil, soybean oil methyl ester and diesel fuel. In this present work, only 20% of each biodiesel blends was tested in diesel engine; stated that the possible use of biodiesel of up to 20% in a diesel engine without modification in literature. A single-cylinder, auxiliary water-cooled and computer-based variable compression ratio diesel engine was used to evaluate their performance at constant speed and at measured load conditions. The performance and combustion tests are conducted using each of the above test fuels, at a constant speed of 5000?rpm. Thus, the varying physical and chemical properties of test fuels against pure diesel are optimised for better engine performance.

Abbreviations: BP: brake power; BSFC: brake-specific fuel consumption; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; CO: carbon monoxide; CP: cylinder pressure; DP: diesel pressure; EGT: exhaust gas temperature; HC: hydrocarbon; HRR: heat release rate; NO _x : nitric oxides; PM: particulate matter; TDC: top dead centre; VCR: variable compression ratio     

土壤中LNAPL的自然衰减实验研究

目前,石油污染及其治理问题受到环境工作者的广泛关注。本文选用柴油作为LNAPL的代表,通过实验分析了LNAPL的自然衰减规律(挥发作用、生物降解作用和吸附作用等),估算了低浓度时各种作用对土壤中柴油去除的贡献率。结果表明,土壤中的LNAPL在自然条件下能发生一定的衰减作用,而且当浓度较低时,自然衰减作用对柴油去除率较高,达到了62.86%。因此,在适当的条件下,利用LNAPL的自然衰减作用可以有效地分解LNAPL化合物,达到降低污染物浓度的目的,为进一步研究LNAPL的治理和防护奠定了基础。     

柴油蓄热催化裂解制气技术的试验

针对重油制气存在问题,提出用柴油作为蓄热催化裂解的制气原料。生产表明柴油制气技术完全可行,而且产气率和产气量较重油制气大幅度提高,生产成本下降,污染得以缓解。     

顺序喷射型CNG/汽油两用燃料汽车排放特性试验研究

文章就顺序喷射CNG/汽油两用汽车选取了怠速、匀速、加速、减速典型工况点,对燃用天然气和汽油时进行了尾气排放测试。实验结果表明,现有设备技术下的试验车辆的HC在各个工况中的排放均大幅下降,CO除加速工况也有一定程度的下降,NOx除减速工况外的上升则是因为燃用天然气时原车点火提前角的再提前所导致的燃烧温度的上升和高温燃烧时间的延长。     

Alternative scenarios analysis concerning different types of fuels used for the coverage of the energy requirements of a typical apartment building in Thessaloniki, Greece. Part II: life cycle analysis

This paper constitutes a continuation of “Alternative scenarios analysis concerning different types of fuels used for the coverage of the energy requirements of a typical apartment building in Thessaloniki, Greece. Part I: fuel consumption and emissions”. It is concerned with the application of life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology to the model of the apartment building determined in Part I. The examination here includes emissions of light heating oil EL refining, transportation and combustion, of natural gas transportation and combustion and of electricity generation and use (lignite, natural gas, diesel oil and kerosene originated). All data used were collected from a typical power station in Greece.     

Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine operated on tyre pyrolysis oil with exhaust gas recirculation

The objective of this research was to study the performance and emission characteristics of using waste automobile tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) in a diesel engine without any engine modification. The engine used in this study is a single cylinder naturally aspirated four-stroke diesel engine (compression–ignition). In the present work, the performance and emission characteristics of the engine fuelled with blends of diesel fuel (DF) with automobile tyre oil in the ratio of diesel to waste automobile tyre oil of 90:10 (blend 10%), 80:20 (blend 20%), 70:30 (blend 30%), and 50:50 (blend 50%) are experimentally measured and analysed and compared with that of DF.     

煤液化燃料替代石油的开发应用

分析了国内外石油能源供需紧张状况、煤液化燃料的开发及替代能源开发应用现状,论述了能源消费新动向。石油的替代燃料有煤直接液化成品油、煤间接液化合成油、甲醇、乙醇汽油、乙醇柴油、甲醇汽油、生物柴油和天然气水合物。