甲壳素/壳聚糖的制备与应用

甲壳素/壳聚糖是一种资源丰富、用途广泛的天然高分子.简介了其物理化学性质及常见的制备方法;详细介绍了功能化甲壳素/壳聚糖近期的研究状况;综述了甲壳素/壳聚糖的应用;展望了我国甲壳素/壳聚糖资源的开发利用趋势.     

复合混凝剂CAF的研制与净水效果试验

以天然物质甲壳素制备壳聚糖,并用壳聚糖、聚合铝和三氯化铁制成了复合混凝剂ＣＡＦ。详细介绍了制备甲壳素、壳聚糖、ＣＡＦ的工艺流程和最佳工艺参数,试验结果表明,ＣＡＦ的净水效果明显优于无机混凝剂聚合铝和三氯化铁。     

甲壳素及其衍生物的开发前景

甲壳素是一种天然的生物高分子,是仅次于纤维素的第二大可再生资源.系统介绍了提取甲壳素的原料来源及提取方法.对国内外甲壳素制取壳聚糖的方法和工艺条件作了详细的介绍,着重阐述了壳聚糖及其衍生物的生产方法以及在医药、食品、日化、农业、化工、环保、造纸、纺织等许多领域的应用现状和开发前景.     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在环境污染治理中的应用

综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在环境污染治理方面的应用进展。分别介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物在水处理、土壤修复、大气污染防治和其他环境治理领域中对环境污染物的去除效果。对壳聚糖及其衍生物在环境治理领域的发展前景和未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

一种新型功能性悬浮填料

该发明涉及一种水处理用的功能性悬浮填料。采用由塑料板紧夹颗粒或块状功能性水处理材料制成的复合翼板，并以颗粒或块状功能性水处理材料作为主要生物载体，使微生物更易附着其上繁殖，形成生物膜，且生长更为茂盛。在功能性悬浮填料中设置拒水的泡沫塑料来调节与水的相对密度，使功能性悬浮填料能和水、气一起流化，强化了微生物、     

全降解环保薄膜材料

发明涉及一种全降解环保薄膜材料，其原料组成（质量分数，％）为：植物纤维15～25，聚乙烯醇和甲壳素中的一种或两种45-55，淀粉2～6，碳酸氢钙2～10，邻苯二甲酸两丁酯和邻苯二甲酸两辛酯中的一种或两种2～6，松节油0．5～2，     

膜技术在水处理中的应用及膜材料研究进展

综述了膜技术在给水处理、废水处理和特殊行业水处理中的应用,介绍了近年来膜材料的研究进展：包括开发新型的膜材料和对现有的膜材料进行改性。新型膜材料有金属膜、有机一无机混合膜和新型有机膜等;几种最常用的膜材料改性方法有等离子体改性法、表现活性剂改性法、紫外辐照法、高分子合金法和表面化学反应法。     

污泥为主要原料制成的过滤吸附材料

该发明涉及一种污泥为主要原料制成的新型过滤吸附材料在回用水处理中的应用。为了解决现有回用水处理中一些过滤吸附材料价格较高、化学需氧量和氨氮出水指标低的问题，该发明在处理回用水过程中：（1）利用该过滤吸附材料在曝气生物滤池中采用下向或上向流方式对回用水进行处理，此时曝气强度保持在溶解氧质量浓度为2—4mg／L，8—20d形成生物膜。     

壳聚糖的絮凝性能及其在废水脱色处理中的应用

介绍了壳聚糖的理化性质及其作为絮凝剂的优点,探讨了壳聚糖的絮凝机理,分析了壳聚糖絮凝效果的影响因素(包括废水p H、絮凝温度、搅拌转速及时间、壳聚糖投加量、壳聚糖脱乙酰度及相对分子质量、废水浊度),总结了壳聚糖改性和复合后在废水脱色处理中的应用。指出:未来还需更深入地研究絮凝机理,同时也需进一步研究影响絮凝效果的因素;新型壳聚糖絮凝剂将向更高效、成本更低且环境友好的方向发展。     

交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂的制备及性能

用沸石负载由缩水甘油基三乙基氯化铵交联的壳聚糖，制得了性能良好的交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂。研究了该吸附剂应用性能的影响因素，探讨了该吸附剂的吸附性、沉降性和重复使用性，利用FTIR仪和高倍透射电子显微镜对该吸附剂的结构进行了表征。实验结果表明:壳聚糖的交联度为0.93、交联壳聚糖与沸石的质量比为0.045时，制得的交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂对腐殖酸的去除率可达81.4%，吸附量为4.07mg/g;交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附性能较沸石有显著提高，沉降时间较交联壳聚糖明显缩短;经二次洗脱后腐殖酸去除率仍可达80.2%，腐殖酸吸附量为4.01mg/g。     

凹凸棒土吸附剂的制备和脱色性能研究

用以凹凸棒土为主料，配以其呛助剂所制备的凹凸棒土吸附剂，对癸二酸单钠盐 进行了吸附脱色和再生性能的试验，结果表明：该吸附剂具有明显的吸附脱色效果，且其制原料价廉易得，制备工艺简单，成本低，再生容易，是一种较好的脱色吸附型净化剂。     

氯碱行业盐泥综合利用的研究进展

综述了近年来氯碱企业盐泥综合利用的最新研究现状和进展。盐泥的综合利用途径主要包括制备轻质氧化镁、硫酸钙晶须;研制添加剂、吸附剂用于空气和水处理;制备建筑材料，如水泥、保温砖、建筑涂料;制作碱性化肥等。目前，许多技术尚不成熟，仍处于试验阶段。指出了我国盐泥资源化综合利用存在的问题及解决途径。     

Leachability of Cr(VI) and other metals from asphalt composites with addition of filter dust

The potential use of filter dust in asphalt composites for road construction was investigated. Filter dust contains high concentrations of metals, of which Cr(VI) and Pb are leached with water. Compact and ground asphalt composites with addition of 2% of filter dust by mass were studied. In order to evaluate their environmental impact, leachability tests were performed using water and salt water as leaching agents. The concentrations of Cr(VI) and Pb were determined in leachates over a time period of 182 days. The results indicated that Pb was not leached with leaching agents from asphalt composites. Cr(VI) was also not leached with leaching agents from compact asphalt composites. However, in ground asphalt composites, Cr(VI) was leached with water in concentrations up to 220 microg L(-1) and in salt water up to 150 microg L(-1). From the physico-mechanical and environmental aspects, filter dust can be used as a component in asphalt mixtures.     

纳米技术在环境污染防治中的应用

从大气污染控制与水污染控制等方面综述了纳米技术的研究及应用进展,并展望了纳米技术的发展前景。     

Effect of organic residues addition on the technological properties of clay bricks

The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization potential of several organic residues in clay bricks. Sawdust, tobacco residues, and grass are widespread by-products of industrial and agricultural processes in Turkey. These residue materials have long cellulose fibres. Sawdust and tobacco residues generally are used as fuel, and the grass is utilized for agricultural purposes. The insulation capacity of brick increases with the increasing porosity of the clay body. Combustible, organic types of pore-forming additives are most frequently used for this purpose. For this reason, increasing amounts of organic residues (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% in wt.) were mixed with raw brick-clay. All samples were fired at 900 degrees C. Effects on shaping, plasticity, density, and mechanical properties were investigated. The organic residue additions were found to be effective for pore-forming in the clay body with the clay maintaining acceptable mechanical properties. It was observed that the fibrous nature of the residues did not create extrusion problems. However, higher residue addition required a higher water content to ensure the right plasticity. As a result, sawdust, tobacco residues, and grass can be utilized in an environmentally safe way as organic pore-forming agents in brick-clay.     

超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物

介绍了超临界水氧化法处理有机污染物的基本原理，工艺流程和应用实例及使用范围，对比分析了超临界水氧化法与焚烧法处理有机污染物的技术特点，经济实用性，指明了超临界水氧化法作为一种有效的有机污染物处理方法，在化工环保等领域将具有广阔的应用前景。     

Innovative reuse of drinking water sludge in geo-environmental applications

In recent years, the replacement of natural raw materials with new alternative materials, which acquire an economic, energetic and environmental value, has gained increasing importance. The considerable consumption of water has favoured the increase in the number of drinking water treatment plants and, consequently, the production of drinking water sludge. This paper proposes a protocol of analyses capable of evaluating chemical characteristics of drinking water sludge from surface water treatment plants. Thereby we are able to assess their possible beneficial use for geo-environmental applications, such as the construction of barrier layers for landfill and for the formation of “bio-soils”, when mixed with the stabilized organic fraction of municipal solid waste. This paper reports the results of a study aimed at evaluating the quality and environmental aspects of reconstructed soils (“bio-soil”), which are used in much greater quantities than the usual standard, for “massive” applications in environmental actions such as the final cover of landfills. The granulometric, chemical and physical analyses of the sludge and the leaching test on the stabilized organic fraction showed the suitability of the proposed materials for reuse.The study proved that the reuse of drinking water sludge for the construction of barrier layers and the formation of “bio-soils” reduces the consumption of natural materials, the demand for landfill volumes, and offers numerous technological advantages.     

膜生物反应器及其在工业废水处理中的应用

介绍了膜生物反应器的工艺流程、膜材料与膜组件形式、工艺特点及其在工业废水处理应用中对CDD、氮、磷及挥发性有机物的去除效果；分析了影响膜生物反应器废水处理效果的主要因素及对策；指出了膜生物反应器在工业废水处理方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

Ammonia Removal from Saline Wastewater by Ion Exchange

Ion exchange materials that are highly selective for ammonia have been used for wastewater treatment but they are mainly suitable for use in non-saline water. In this paper, some new materials have been evaluated for the selective uptake of ammonia from saline wastewater. Those materials include: MN 500 (belongs to the group of material known as Macronets which are hypercrosslinked polyvinyl styrenes) as well as some chemically modified zeolites and products of zeolite nature. Equilibrium isotherms for ammonium ion uptake determined in a series of shake flask experiments using materials exposed to varying concentrations of ammonium ion in artificial seawater are shown. Capacity and selectivity data for these materials for ammonium ion are also presented.