A study of haematological and bone marrow changes in symptomatic patients with human immune deficiency virus infection with special mention of functional iron deficiency,anaemia of critically ill and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Background

Haematological abnormalities are among the most common complications of HIV. These involve all lineages of blood cells. Bone marrow studies form integral part of complete workup of the HIV positive patients specially when they present as case of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), refractory anaemia and pancytopenia.

Method

55 HIV infected symptomatic patient requiring bone marrow examination were included in the study. Relevant clinical history, baseline haematological investigations including full blood count, CD4 cell counts using flow cytometry were recorded.

Results

Median ANC values in males were found to be significantly lower than females (p = 0.046). CD4 cell count statistically significantly correlated with age, TLC, ANC & platelet count. Anaemia was present in 45 patients and out of which 66.66% patients had normocytic normochromic anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia was present in (37.77%) patients and anaemia of chronic disease in (62.22%) patients. 2 patients had anaemia of the critically ill.Two patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and showed lymphoma deposit in the bone marrow. Gelatinous degeneration was seen in 3 patients. Ill formed epithelioid cell granulomas were seen in 7 cases, and 2 cases were positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Haemophagocytosis was seen in 8 cases; two cases later diagnosed as a case of infection induced HLH. Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies seen in 2 cases.

Conclusions

Bone marrow study is an important investigation in HIV infected symptomatic patients with peripheral haematological abnormalities.     

Fulminant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to a reactivated EBV infection: A case report

Abstract

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive inflammatory syndrome that results from inappropriate activation of the immune system. HLH has a high mortality if not treated. We describe a case of a fulminant HLH, associated with a reactivation of an EBV infection. The patient responded well to steroid treatment.     

二级综合医院检验科质量管理的体会

保证检验质量是检验科工作的重中之重，是临床实验室科学管理的重要组成部分，也是医院医疗安全和可持续发展的重要要求，更是为患者提供优质、高效服务之必须，笔者就如何强化检验质量管理，提高检验质量，谈几点体会。     

Myelodysplastic syndrome: a review from University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Twenty patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) were diagnosed in University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur over a 5 year period. They were subclassified using the French American British (FAB) criteria. 90% of the patients were above 40 years old and the sex ratio was about equal. The predominant presenting symptom was anaemia and there was paucity of physical signs at presentation. Patients with 'aggressive' subtypes of MDS i.e. refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB), refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB(-)+) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) had more frequent thrombocytopenia and neutropenia and their marrow pictures frequently had dysmegakaryopoiesis and dysgranulopoiesis as compared to more the "benign" subtypes i.e. refractory anaemia (RA) and refractory leukaemic anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS). Four patients had leukaemic transformation and all of them came from the 'aggressive' subtypes. The current views on treatment of MDS are discussed.     

山西医科大学第二医院对口支援社区卫生服务工作的实践与思考

目的 回顾社区卫生服务工作现状,调查社区卫生服务工作需求,分析社区卫生服务工作实践和效果,提出社区卫生服务工作中存在的问题及解决办法.方法 采用问卷调查、文献研究方法 调查社区卫生服务机构对公立医院支援项目的 需求,并结合山西医科大学第二医院及其下属的社区卫生服务机构的实际情况进行分析.结果 社区卫生服务机构最需要公立医院支援的项目是:技术指导、人才培养、双向转诊、健康教育、慢性病管理指导和信息化建设.2005年以来迎泽区社区卫生服务机构门诊量、社区居民满意度、社区技术人员培训率呈逐年上升趋势,通过社区转诊渠道实现转诊患者的数量也在逐年上升.结论 公立医院支援社区卫生服务是现阶段提高社区卫生服务机构医疗水平、综合服务能力及缓解社区居民看病难、看病贵的重要举措.     

浅谈我院危机公关管理中的启示

随着医患纠纷及突发事件时有发生,一定程度上对医院的应对能力造成了冲击,应对得当不但能度过危机,还能提升医院的知名度;应对不当就会给医院带来负面影响。危机无处不在,危害难以预测,小事件可以演化为大风险的导火索,而成熟、高效的危机公关管理,不仅能使医院度过危机难关,也可赢得患者和公众的理解和支持。     

A Norm Utilisation for Scarce Hospital Resources: Evidence from Operating Rooms in a Dutch University Hospital

Background  

Utilisation of operating rooms is high on the agenda of hospital managers and researchers. Many efforts in the area of maximising the utilisation have been focussed on finding the holy grail of 100% utilisation. The utilisation that can be realised, however, depends on the patient mix and the willingness to accept the risk of working in overtime.     

Retinoblastoma--a 20 year review from the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur.

Retinoblastoma was clinically diagnosed in 38 patients in the University Hospital between 1968 to 1988. White pupil or cat's eye reflex, found in 25 patients, was the most common symptom. Four patients refused any form of treatment. Of the 27 histopathologically confirmed cases, 16 were males and 11 were females. There was no ethnic group predominance, although a male preponderance was observed among Malay patients (M:F 3:1, p less than 0.05). Treatment in cases with unilateral disease, without extra ocular extension consisted of enucleation of the involved eye, with close examination of the contralateral eye in follow-up. In cases presenting with bilateral tumour the worse eye was removed. Of 20 cases of histopathologically proven unilateral retinoblastoma treated surgically, 12 patients survived for a mean period of 4.5 years (Range: 1-19 years). The defaulter rate for this group of patients was 55%. None of the 7 cases of bilateral retinoblastoma survived beyond 5 years (Mean survival 2.5 years).     

基层医院新生儿导尿方法的应用与体会

目的探讨在基层医院利用不同材料行新生儿导尿时的优点与缺点。方法 2008年3月—2011年5月我院儿科需导尿的新生儿60例,随机分为改良头皮针软管组(A组),小号吸痰管组(B组),6 F一次性硅胶胃管组(C组)和6号导尿管对照组(D组),每组15例。观察各组一次导尿成功率、漏尿发生率和扭曲脱落率。结果 A、B、C、D组一次导尿成功率、漏尿发生率和扭曲脱落率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论当遇到无合适导尿管时,基层医院可以利用改良头皮针软管、小号吸痰管或6 F一次性硅胶胃管行新生儿导尿术。     

Mortality in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a six-year survey from the University Hospital of Wales

In a retrospective survey of normal hospital practice, 583 patients were admitted between March 1972 and 1978 because of haematemesis or melaena. Sixty (10·3%) of these patients died; most deaths occurred in elderly patients (mean age 75 years) 75% of whom had a serious medical problem which complicated the situation. Malignancy, cardiovascular disease and respiratory problems were the most commonly associated factors. The attitude towards both emergency investigation and surgical intervention was very conservative and any reduction in mortality would require a concerted effort to deal with the special problems in elderly patients who are at particular risk.     

Syphilitic Aortitis: Autopsy Experience at the Ottawa General Hospital Since 1950

Twenty-six cases of syphilitic aortitis were found among 4173 autopsies performed at the Ottawa General Hospital since 1950. Although 10 aortic aneurysms, nine instances of coronary ostial stenosis and five examples of aortic incompetence were present in 20 cases, a clinical diagnosis of syphilitic aortitis had been established in only two patients. It is paradoxical that the clinical diagnosis of syphilitic aortitis is becoming less accurate as surgical techniques for the correction of its complications are being constantly improved.     

Hereditary spherocytosis: a study of 16 patients from University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Hereditary spherocytosis is a rather uncommon disease in Malaysia as only 16 patients were seen in our hospital over a 13 year period. Pallor, jaundice and splenomegaly were common physical signs. Clinical severity of the disease was variable and more than half of them needed splenectomy. Complications including haemolytic crisis and cholelithiasis were encountered but not aplastic crisis. All 10 patients who underwent splenectomy had uniformly good results and none of them had post-operative complications.     

Hip Fractures: The St Ann's Bay Regional Hospital Experience

Objectives:

To study the outcome of hip fractures in a cohort of patients from two different time periods (2002–2003 and 2006–2008).

Methods:

Patients treated for hip fractures at the St Ann''s Bay Regional Hospital, which provides orthopaedic care for the parishes of St Ann, St Mary and Portland, were retrospectively analysed between 2002–2003 and 2006–2008.

Results:

A significant increase in the recorded incidence of hip fractures, from 19 in the 2002–2003 time period to 101 in the 2006–2008 time period was noted. There was a drastic fall in the in-hospital mortality rate (43% in the 2002–2003 time period compared to 4.5% in the 2006–2008 time period). In the 2006–2008 period, 82.9% of patients were ambulant at discharge compared to 36% from the 2002–2003 time period.

Conclusion:

Early surgical fixation is necessary to allow rapid mobilization in these patients for whom the consequences of bed rest would otherwise be devastating.     

从北大医院事件谈医学临床实践中的伦理冲突

医学生临床实践是医学生成长为一名合格医生的重要环节。患者和医学生在临床实践中存在着利益冲突,笔者对于现状和原因进行了分析,认为加强带教医师和医学生的伦理学教育至关重要。     

商谈伦理视域下的高校医院医患沟通研究

在介绍高校医院医患关系背景的基础上,分析了高校医院医患关系矛盾的特点,并从商谈伦理角度提出开启高校医患间沟通之门,创造良好商谈契机;营造理想话语情境,培养良好商谈环境;促进有效沟通架构商谈伦理机制的思路,为促进高校医患关系和谐发展提供现实和理论指引.     

无源代码的医院信息系统二次开发实践

随着计算机及网络技术的飞速发展,医院信息系统已经成为医院管理中最重要的支撑之。在其软件生命周期中,基于卫生政策的训整、业务流程的变更、医疗数据的不断增长,需要进行二次开发工作。着重讨论了医院在不掌握源代码的情况下对于信息系统的二：次开发模式,并介绍了医院目前进行的二次开发工作,以期对其他医院有所帮助。