Comparison of the efficacy of low doses of methylprednisolone, acetaminophen,and dexketoprofen trometamol on the swelling developed after the removal of impacted third molar

Background

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of low doses of methylprednisolone, acetaminophen and dexketoprofen trometamol, which are among the drug groups used in our clinic, on postoperative swelling developing after removal of impacted third molar.

Material and Methods

The three group of patients received either 40 mg methylprednisolone or 300 mg acetaminophen or 12.5 mg dexketoprofen trometamol one hour before the procedure, according to the patient groups. The patients in the methylprednisolone group were injected with methylprednisolone at a dose of 20 mg 24 hour after the procedure and prescribed 300 mg acetaminophen as rescue analgesic. During the postoperative period, the doses that were given before the procedure were continued 3 times a day for 2 days in the acetaminophen and dexketoprofen trometamol groups. Maximal swelling was assessed preoperatively and at the postoperative 48 hours by ultrasound images.

Results

Swelling was 34% lower in the methylprednisolone than in the other groups; however, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. The acetaminophen and dexketoprofen trometamol groups exhibited clinical results close to each other.

Conclusions

Combination of low doses of methylprednisolone and acetaminophen provide a safe and adequate clinical success on swelling. Key words: Methylprednisolone, acetaminophen, dexketoprofen trometamol, third molar extraction, swelling.     

Single dose of diclofenac or meloxicam for control of pain, facial swelling,and trismus in oral surgery

Background

Postoperative pain associated with removal of mandibular third molars has been documented from moderate to severe during the first 24 hours after surgery, with pain peaking between 6 and 8 hours when a conventional local anesthetic is used. Dental pain is largely inflammatory, and evidence-based medicine has shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the best analgesics for dental pain. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-trismus effect of a single dose of diclofenac and meloxicam after mandibular third molar extraction.

Material and Methods

A total of 36 patients were randomized into two treatment groups, each with 18 patients, using a series of random numbers: Group A, was administered 100 mg of diclofenac; and Group B, 15 mg of meloxicam. Drugs were administered orally 1 hour prior to surgery. We evaluated pain intensity, analgesic consumption, swelling, as well as trismus.

Results

The results of this study showed that patients receiving 15 mg of meloxicam had less postoperative pain (P=0.04) and better aperture than those receiving 100 mg of diclofenac (P=0.03). The meloxicam group presented less swelling than diclofenac group; however, significant statistical differences were not observed.

Conclusions

Data of this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial demonstrated that patients receiving 15 mg of preoperative meloxicam had a better postoperative analgesia and anti-trismus effect compared with who were given 100 mg of diclofenac after third molar extractions. Key words:Diclofenac, meloxicam, dental pain, trismus, third molar surgery.     

Prevalence of alveolar bone loss in healthy children treated at private pediatric dentistry clinics

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of alveolar bone loss (BL) in healthy children treated at private pediatric dentistry clinics in Brasília, Brazil.

Material and Methods

The research included 7,436 sites present in 885 radiographs from 450 children. The BL prevalence was estimated by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC). Data were divided in groups: (I) No BL: distance from CEJ to ABC is ≤2 mm; (II) questionable BL (QBL): distance from CEJ to ABC is >2 and <3 mm; (III) definite BL (DBL): distance from CEJ to ABC ≥3 mm. Data were treated by the chi-square nonparametric test and Fisher''s exact test (p<0.05).

Results

Among males, 89.31% were classified in group I, 9.82% were classified in group II and 0.85% in group III. Among females, 93.05%, 6.48% and 0.46% patients were classified in Group I, II and III, respectively. The differences between genders were not statistically significant (Chi-square test, p = 0.375). Group composition according to patients’ age showed that 91.11% of individuals were classified as group I, 8.22% in group II and 0.67% in group III. The differences among the age ranges were not statistically significant (Chi-square test, p = 0.418). The mesial and distal sites showed a higher prevalence of BL in the jaw, QBL (89.80%) and DBL (79.40%), and no significant difference was observed in the distribution of QBL (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.311) and DBL (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.672) in the dental arches. The distal sites exhibited higher prevalence of both QBL (77.56%) and DBL (58.82%).

Conclusions

The periodontal status of children should never be underestimated because BL occurs even in healthy populations, although in a lower frequency.     

Effect of sumac extract on serum oxidative status,RANKL/OPG system and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats

Objectives

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is widely used spice which has several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of sumac extract on levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression, serum oxidative status, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis.

Material and Methods

Twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into three groups: non-ligated (NL, n=8), ligature only (LO, n=8), and ligature and treated with sumac extract (S, n=8) (20 mg/kg per day for 11 days). A 4/0 silk suture was placed around the mandibular right first molars subgingivally; after 11 days, the rats were sacrificed, and alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured. The detection of RANKL and OPG were immunohistochemically performed. Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed.

Results

Alveolar bone loss was significantly greater in the LO group compared to the S and NL groups (p<0.05). The number of inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICI) and osteoclasts in the LO group was significantly higher than that of the NL and S groups (p<0.05). The number of osteoblasts in the LO and S groups was significantly higher than that of the NL group (p<0.05). There were significantly more RANKL-positive cells in the LO group than in the S and NL groups (p<0.05). OPG-positive cells were higher in S group than in LO and NL groups (p<0.05). TOS and OSI levels were significantly reduced in S group compared to LO group (P<0.05) and TAS levels were similar in S and NL group (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The present study showed that systemic administration of sumac extract may reduce alveolar bone loss by affecting RANKL/OPG balance, TOS and OSI levels in periodontal disease in rats.     

Treatment with paracetamol, ketorolac or etoricoxib did not hinder alveolar bone healing: a histometric study in rats

Prostaglandins control osteoblastic and osteoclastic function under physiological or pathological conditions and are important modulators of the bone healing process. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and consequently prostaglandins synthesis. Experimental and clinical evidence has indicated a risk for reparative bone formation related to the use of non-selective (COX-1 and COX-2) and COX-2 selective NSAIDs. Ketorolac is a non-selective NSAID which, at low doses, has a preferential COX-1 inhibitory effect and etoricoxib is a new selective COX-2 inhibitor. Although literature data have suggested that ketorolac can interfere negatively with long bone fracture healing, there seems to be no study associating etoricoxib with reparative bone formation. Paracetamol/acetaminophen, one of the first choices for pain control in clinical dentistry, has been considered a weak anti-inflammatory drug, although supposedly capable of inhibiting COX-2 activity in inflammatory sites.

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether paracetamol, ketorolac and etoricoxib can hinder alveolar bone formation, taking the filling of rat extraction socket with newly formed bone as experimental model.

Material and methods

The degree of new bone formation inside the alveolar socket was estimated two weeks after tooth extraction by a differential point-counting method, using an optical microscopy with a digital camera for image capture and histometry software. Differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA after confirming a normal distribution of sample data.

Results and conclusions

Histometric results confirmed that none of the tested drugs had a detrimental effect in the volume fraction of bone trabeculae formed inside the alveolar socket.     

Minimally traumatic alveolar ridge augmentation with a tunnel injectable thermo-sensitive alginate scaffold

Injectable bone substitutes and techniques have been developed for use in minimally invasive procedures for bone augmentation.

Objective

: To develop a novel injectable thermo-sensitive alginate hydrogel (TSAH) as a scaffold to induce bone regeneration, using a minimally invasive tunnelling technique.

Material and Methods

: An injectable TSAH was prepared from a copolymer solution of 8.0 wt% Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and 8.0 wt% AAlg-g-PNIPAAm. In vitro properties of the material, such as its microstructure and the sustained release of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), were investigated. Then, with the subperiosteal tunnelling technique, this material, carrying rhBMP-2, was injected under the labial periosteum of the maxillary anterior alveolar ridge in a rabbit model. New bone formation was evaluated by means of X-ray, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), fluorescence labelling, histological study, and immunohistochemistry study.

Results

: The material exhibited good injectability and thermo-irreversible properties. SEM showed an interconnected porous microstructure of the TSAH. The result of ALP activity indicated sustained delivery of BMP-2 from the TSAH from days 3 to 15. In a rabbit model, both TSAH and TSAH/rhBMP-2 induced alveolar ridge augmentation. The percentage of mineralised tissue in the TSAH/rhBMP-2 group (41.6±3.79%) was significantly higher than in the TSAH group (31.3±7.21%; p<0.05). The density of the regenerating tissue was higher in the TSAH/rhBMP-2 group than in the other groups (TSAH group, positive control, blank control; p<0.05).

Conclusions

: The TSAH provided convenient handling properties for clinical application. To some extent, TSAH could induce ridge augmentation and mineral deposition, which can be enhanced when combined with rhBMP-2 for a minimally invasive tunnelling injection.     

Early osseointegration driven by the surface chemistry and wettability of dental implants

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of two different commercially available dental implants on osseointegration.

The surfaces were

sandblasting and acid etching (Group 1) and sandblasting and acid etching, then maintained in an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride (Group 2).

Material and Methods

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed for surface chemistry analysis. Surface morphology and topography was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal microscopy (CM), respectively. Contact angle analysis (CAA) was employed for wetting evaluation. Bone-implant-contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupied (BAFO) analysis were performed on thin sections (30 μm) 14 and 28 days after the installation of 10 implants from each group (n=20) in rabbits’ tibias. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA at the 95% level of significance considering implantation time and implant surface as independent variables.

Results

Group 2 showed 3-fold less carbon on the surface and a markedly enhanced hydrophilicity compared to Group 1 but a similar surface roughness (p>0.05). BIC and BAFO levels in Group 2 at 14 days were similar to those in Group 1 at 28 days. After 28 days of installation, BIC and BAFO measurements of Group 2 were approximately 1.5-fold greater than in Group 1 (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The surface chemistry and wettability implants of Group 2 accelerate osseointegration and increase the area of the bone-to-implant interface when compared to those of Group 1.     

Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of Escherichia coli-derived rhBMP-2 with β-TCP/HA in extraction socket

PURPOSE

This randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of the ErhBMP-2 in alveolar bone regeneration as well as preservation of the β-TCP bone graft material that contains ErhBMP-2.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study involved 72 patients at the 3 study centers. The patients, who were divided into 2 groups: the experiment group who had ErhBMP-2 coated TCP/HA and the control group who had TCP/HA graft material alone transplanted immediately after tooth extraction. CT was taken before and 3 months after the transplantation and healing status was compared between the two groups. The efficacy endpoints that were used to measure the degree of bone induction included alveolar bone height and 3 measurements of bone width. The paired t test was used to determine the significance of the changes (P<.05).

RESULTS

Changes in alveolar bone height were -1.087 ± 1.413 mm in the control group and -.059 ± 0.960 mm in the experimental group (P<.01). At 25% extraction socket length [ESL], the changes were 0.006 ± 1.149 mm in the control group and 1.279 ± 1.387 mm in the experimental group. At 50% ESL, the changes were 0.542 ± 1.157 mm and 1.239 ± 1.249 mm, respectively (P<.01 for 25% ESL, and P<.05 for 50% ESL). During the experiment, no adverse reactions to the graft material were observed.

CONCLUSION

ErhBMP-2 coated β-TCP/HA were found to be more effective in preserving alveolar bone than conventional β-TCP/HA alloplastic bone graft materials.     

Differential expression of immunologic proteins in gingiva after socket preservation in mini pigs

During healing following tooth extraction, inflammation and the immune response within the extraction socket are related to bone resorption.

Objective

: We sought to identify how the alloplastic material used for socket preservation affects the immune responses and osteoclastic activity within extraction sockets.

Material and Methods

: Using a porcine model, we extracted teeth and grafted biphasic calcium phosphate into the extraction sockets. We then performed a peptide analysis with samples of gingival tissue from adjacent to the sockets and compared the extraction only (EO) and extraction with socket preservation (SP) groups. We also used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate the expression level of immunoglobulins, chemokines and other factors related to osteoclastogenesis. Differences between the groups were analyzed for statistical significance using paired t tests.

Results

: Levels of IgM, IgG and IGL expression were higher in the EO group than in the SP group 1 week post-extraction, as were the levels of CCL3, CCL5, CXCL2, IFN-γ and TNF-α expression (p<0.05). In addition, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was also significantly upregulated in the EO group (p<0.05), as were IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 (p<0.05).

Conclusions

: These results suggest that the beneficial effect of socket preservation can be explained by suppression of immune responses and inflammation.     

Effect of light-curing units in shear bond strength of metallic brackets: an in vitro study

Objective

To determine the influence of the light curing units on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Material and Methods

Seventy-two premolars were divided into six groups (n=12): Group I: brackets bonded with Transbond and polymerization with halogen light; Group II: Transbond and LED; Group III: Fuji Ortho and halogen light; Group IV: Fuji Ortho and LED; Group V: Fuji Ortho, without acid and halogen light; Group VI: Fuji Ortho, without acid and LED. The groups were tested to shear strength in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s test.

Results

The composite resin presented higher shear bond strength than the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (p<0.05). The halogen light and LED sources produced similar shear bond strength (p>0.05).

Conclusion

The shear bond strength was influenced by the material but not by the light-curing unit. The use of LED reduced the experimental time by approximately 60%, with the same curing efficiency.     

Evaluation of the intercanine distance in newborns with cleft lip and palate using 3D digital casts

Objective

The purpose of this present study was to compare, by means of 3D digital casts, the anterior transverse dimension of the dental arch of newborns with and without cleft lip and palate.

Material and Methods

The sample was composed of ninety-four children aged from 3 to 9 months divided into three study groups: Group I - children without craniofacial deformities (control group); Group II - children with unilateral cleft lip and palate; Group III - children with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Impressions were executed before lip and palate repair in patients with clefts. Dental casts were digitized using a 3D scanner linked to a computer. Measurements of the intercanine distance were measured on the digital casts. Intergroup comparisons were performed using ANOVA (p<0.05).

Results

The results showed a mean of 36.5 mm for unilateral cleft lip and palate group, 34.8 mm for bilateral cleft lip and palate group and 27.52 mm for the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the control group and both groups of patients with cleft lip and palate. There was no statistically significant difference between complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate groups.

Conclusions

Patients with complete cleft lip and palate were born with an increased anterior dimension of the maxillary dental arch compared to non cleft patients.     

ANTIPLAQUE AND ANTIGINGIVITIS EFFECT OF LIPPIA SIDOIDES. A DOUBLE-BLIND CLINICAL STUDY IN HUMANS

Objectives:

The antiplaque and antigingivitis effect of Lippia Sidoides (LS) was evaluated in this in vivo investigation.

Material and Methods:

Twenty-three subjects participated in a cross-over, double-blind clinical study, using 21-day partial-mouth experimental model of gingivitis. A toothshield was constructed for each volunteer, avoiding the brushing of the 4 experimental posterior teeth in the lower left quadrant. The subjects were randomly assigned initially to use either the placebo gel (control group) or the test gel, containing 10% LS (test group).

Results:

The clinical results showed statistically significant differences for plaque index (PLI) (p<0.01) between days 0 and 21 in both groups, however only the control group showed statistically significant difference (p<0.01) for the bleeding (IB) and gingival (GI) index within the experimental period of 21 days. On day 21, the test group presented significantly better results than the control group with regard to the GI (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

The test gel containing 10% LS was effective in the control of gingivitis.     

A Prospective Study to Assess the Levels of Interleukin-6 Following Administration of Diclofenac,Ketorolac and Tramadol After Surgical Removal of Lower Third Molars

Introduction

The surgical removal of impacted third molars involves, trauma to soft and bony tissue and can result in considerable pain, swelling, and trismus. The greater the amount of tissue injury the greater is the amount of inflammation in the perisurgical region. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is both a pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate the immune response. IL-6 is also an early marker of tissue damage. In addition to NSAIDs, corticosteroids, opioids also have immunomodulatory effects.

Aim

To evaluate the changes in serum IL-6 levels following surgical removal of third molars under local anaesthesia after administration of two NSAIDs diclofenac and ketorolac and opioid tramadol post operatively.

Methods

Patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group received one of the three analgesics viz diclofenac 50 mg, ketorolac 10 mg and tramadol 50 mg. The mean levels of IL-6 was then estimated by ELISA.

Results

The results of our study showed that all three drugs i.e. diclofenac, ketorolac and tramadol have properties which can downregulate the production of IL-6 in response to surgical trauma.

Conclusion

It is of clinical significance that the suppression of IL-6 values occurs in tramadol group closely following the diclofenac group. Even though the drug ketorolac suppresses the IL-6 levels similar to diclofenac initially but after 7 days tramadol and ketorolac showed similarities in suppression of IL-6 expression which is less compared to diclofenac group.     

Effect of obesity on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in Wistar rats

Obesity has been linked to higher inflammatory status and periodontal breakdown.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats.

Material and Methods

Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: obese (n=13), which were fed with "cafeteria diet" (CAF diet - high amounts of sucrose and fat) for 90 days in order to gain weight, and non-obese (n=11) regularly fed rats. Ligature-induced experimental periodontitis was created in all animals. Body weight differed statistically between obese and non-obese groups (277.59 and 223.35 g, respectively) at the moment of the ligature placement. Morphometric registration of alveolar bone loss was carried out after 30 days of ligature placement to determine the effect of obesity on the progression of experimental periodontitis.

Results

Intra-group comparisons showed significantly higher alveolar bone loss mean values in maxillary teeth with ligature (P<0.05). Alveolar bone loss [mean (SD), mm] was not statistically different between obese and non-obese groups [0.71 (0.09) and 0.65 (0.07) mm, respectively]. However, when palatal sides are analyzed separately, obese group presented significantly higher alveolar bone loss (P<0.05) as compared to non-obese [0.68 (0.12) and 0.53 (0.13) mm, respectively].

Conclusions

In spite of the weak differences, it is possible to conclude that the progression of alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis can be potentially influenced by body weight in rats.     

EFFECT OF BETAMETHASONE ON THE PULP AFTER TOPICAL APPLICATION TO THE DENTIN OF RAT TEETH: VASCULAR ASPECTS OF THE INFLAMMATION

Objective:

This study investigated the pulpal effect of topically applied betamethasone to the dentin of rat molars in the vascular phase of inflammation.

Material and Methods:

Deep cavities were prepared on the occlusal face of the maxillary right and left 1st molars with non-refrigerated inverted-cone steel burs at low speed. Three groups were formed: Group I was composed of right 1st molars; Group II was composed of left 1st molars that received the application of a drop of betamethasone on dentin surface for 5 min; and Group III (control) was composed of right 2nd molars that received no cavity preparation or betamethasone application. Changes in the vascular characteristics of the pulp tissue were checked by calculating the pulp vascular area in relation to its total area and the number of blood vessels per unit area. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey''s test (α=0.05).

Results:

Group I presented a significantly larger number of vessels (p<0.05) than Group II. Regarding the vascular/total area ratio (%), Group I presented statistically significantly higher values (p=0.01) than Groups II and III.

Conclusion:

Betamethasone applied on the dentin of rat teeth proved to reduce the vascular phase of pulp inflammation regarding vessel diameter and number of blood vessels.     

INFLUENCE OF PROTAPER FINISHING FILES AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON CLEANING AND SHAPING OF MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISORS – A HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Objective:

This study investigated the influence of the last apical instrument of the ProTaper system with and without 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for cleaning mandibular central incisors.

Material and Methods:

Thirty two mandibular central incisors were divided into six study groups: Group I – F1 instrument with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group II – F1 and F2 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group III – F1, F2 and F3 with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; Group IV – F1 with distilled water; Group V – F1 and F2 with distilled water; Group VI – F1, F2 and F3 with distilled water. The two remaining teeth comprised the negative control group. The specimens were prepared following the principles of the technique suggested by the manufacturer and then submitted to histological preparation and morphometric analysis. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal Wallis test at 1% significance level.

Results:

There was statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between all study groups, except between Groups I and VI.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that no technique allowed complete cleaning of the root canals. However, the technique of finishing preparation of the apical third with the F3 instrument with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation was the most effective.     

Histomorphometric analysis of the temporal bone after change of direction of force vector of mandible: an experimental study in rabbits

Objectives

The present study aimed at performing a histological evaluation of the response of temporal bone tissue to a change of direction of the force vector of the mandible in relation to the base of the skull.

Material and methods

Adult rabbits were assigned into four groups with two control and four experimental animals in each group. Experimental animals underwent surgery, which resulted in a change of direction of the force vector on the right temporomandibular joint. Samples were collected after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days for histological analysis.

Results

In the two-way analysis of variance, the effect of group and time was statistically significant (p<0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant interaction between group and time was observed (p<0.001). Control animals showed normal growth and development of the temporal region. In the experimental group, the change in direction of the force vector of the mandible induced significant changes in the temporal bone, with a bone modeling process, which suggests growth of this cranial structure.

Conclusions

The methodology used in this experiment allows us to conclude that the change in direction of the force vector of the mandible in relation to the skull base induces remodeling and modeling processes in the temporal bone. The resumption of normal oral functions after bone healing of the mandibular fracture appears to increase cell activation in the remodeling and modeling of the temporal bone structure. The observation of areas of temporal bone modeling shows the relevance of further investigation on the correlation between the joint structures and craniofacial growth and development.     

Mandibular Third Molar Extraction Wound Healing With and Without Platelet Rich Plasma: A Comparative Prospective Study

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) in regeneration of bone and to assess clinical compatibility of the material in mandibular third molar extraction socket.

Objective of the Study

To compare the healing of mandibular third molar extraction wounds with and without PRP.

Materials and Methods

Group A consists of the 30 patients where PRP will be placed in the extraction socket before closure of the socket. Group B consists of 30 patients who will be the control group where the extraction sockets will be closed without any intra socket medicaments. The patients would be allocated to the groups randomly.

Results

Soft tissue healing was better in study site compared to control site. The result of the study shows rapid bone regeneration in the extraction socket treated with PRP when compared with the socket without PRP. Evaluation for bone blending and trabecular bone formation started earlier in PRP site compared to control, non PRP site. Also there was less postoperative discomfort on the PRP treated side.

Conclusion

Autologous PRP is biocompatible and has significant improved soft tissue healing, bone regeneration and increase in bone density in extraction sockets.     

Do blood contamination and haemostatic agents affect microtensile bond strength of dual cured resin cement to dentin?

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood contamination and haemostatic agents such as Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on the microtensile bond strength between dual cured resin cement-dentin interface.

Material and Methods:

Twelve pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramics were luted to flat occlusal dentin surfaces with Panavia F under the following conditions: Control Group: no contamination, Group Blood: blood contamination, Group ABS: ABS contamination Group H₂O₂: H₂O₂ contamination. The specimens were sectioned to the beams and microtensile testing was carried out. Failure modes were classified under stereomicroscope. Two specimens were randomly selected from each group, and SEM analyses were performed.

Results:

There were significant differences in microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) between the control and blood-contaminated groups (p<0.05), whereas there were no significant differences found between the control and the other groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

Contamination by blood of dentin surface prior to bonding reduced the bond strength between resin cement and the dentin. Ankaferd Blood Stoper and H₂O₂ could be used safely as blood stopping agents during cementation of all-ceramics to dentin to prevent bond failure due to blood contamination.     

Nanotechnology in ligature-induced periodontitis: protective effect of a doxycycline gel with nanoparticules

Objectives

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a locally applied 8.5% nanostructured doxycycline (DOX) gel in preventing alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontal disease (ePD) in rats by using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Material and Methods

ePD was induced in 24 Wistar rats. Animals were treated with the doxycycline gel topically, immediately after ePD induction, and 3 times a day during 11 days. Four groups (n=6) were formed as follows: Naïve group (animals not subjected to ePD nor treated); non-treated (NT) group (animals subjected to ePD, but not treated); vehicle gel (VG) group (animals subjected to ePD and treated with topical gel vehicle); and DOX group (test group): animals subjected to ePD and treated with the 8.5% DOX gel. In order to investigate topographical changes in histological sections, a novel simple method was used for sample preparation, by etching sections from paraffin-embedded specimens with xylol.

Results

Comparing the AFM images, several grooves were observed on the surface of the alveolar bone and other periodontal structures in the NT and VG groups, with significantly greater depths when compared to the DOX group (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Periodontal structures were brought into high relief confirming to be a simple and costeffective method for AFM imaging with ultrastructural resolution. The doxycycline gel was able to afford periodontal surface preservation, with flatter grooves.