衬底材料对Bi4Ti3O12薄膜取向度的影响

以正丁醇钛和硝酸铋为原料,用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ技术分别在Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／Ｓｉ、Ｓｉ、Ｙ－ＺｒＯＴｉＯ３（１００）和石英玻璃基片上生长出ｃ轴取向的Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２薄膜,研究了衬底材料表面结构对Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２薄膜取得度的影响,晶格失配能和Ｂｉ４ＴｉＯ１２晶体的晶面能决定了薄膜的取向程度。     

前驱体溶体pH值对溶胶凝胶制备钛酸铋薄膜的影响

采用溶胶凝胶技术在石英玻璃基片上制备钛酸铋薄膜，讨论了前驱体溶液的酸碱度（ｐＨ值）对薄膜结构和结晶性的影响。ｐＨ〈２和ｐＨ〉３．５的前驱体溶液所制备的薄膜在晶化过程中出现Ｂｉ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７和Ｂｉ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ１１杂相。ｐＨ＝２．５￣３．５的前驱体溶液制备的薄膜是钙钛矿Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ２结构的取向薄膜。     

Sol—Gel工艺合成Bi4Ti3O12超微粉

采用一处新的溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）技术成功地合成了Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２超细粉末，用差热－热失重分析（ＤＴＡ－ＴＧＡ）和Ｘ射线的衍射研究了Ｂｉ－Ｔｉ干凝胶的晶化过程及晶相转变温度，发现在４００－８００℃的热处理过程中粉估经历了游离态氧化物－－氧化物＋焦绿石相－－纯钱钛矿相Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２的转变过程，４５０℃开始合成了Ｂ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７相，５５０℃开始合成Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２相，８００℃全中转变为终了     

金属与金属氧化物复合靶制备Bi4Ti3O12薄膜

报道了金属与金属氧化物复合靶的射频溅射法，制备Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２（ＢＴＯ）铁电陶瓷薄膜的方法，研究了ＢＴＯ薄膜的晶体结构，表面形貌以及断面。实验表明采用复合靶能够制备质量好、成分均匀的ＢＴＯ薄膜，其结晶取向与基片材料有关，且退火工艺对膜的质量有影响。     

前驱体溶液pH值对溶胶凝胶制备钛酸铋薄膜的影响

采用溶胶凝胶技术在石英玻璃基片上制备钛酸铋薄膜,讨论了前驱体溶液的酸碱度（ｐＨ值）对薄膜结构和结晶性的影响．ｐＨ＜２和ｐＨ＞３５的前驱体溶液所制备的薄膜在晶化过程中出现Ｂｉ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７和Ｂｉ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ１１杂相．ｐＨ＝２５～３５的前驱体溶液制备的薄膜是钙钛矿Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２结构的取向薄膜     

用溶胶——凝胶法制备SrTiO3纳米薄膜材料

为制备具有电容和压敏特性的ＳｒＴｉＯ３双功能器件,以Ｓｒ（ＮＯ３）２,Ｔｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４为原料,用溶胶－凝胶方法制备ＳｒＴｉＯ３材料,研究了水和醋酸等对ＳｒＴｉＯ３材料的影响机理,并对其进行Ｘ－射线衍射、红外光谱和ＴＥＭ分析,证明该薄膜为纳米晶体结构,晶粒尺寸为１２－２５ｎｍ。     

CaO—BaO—SiO2—TiO2系统溶胶涂液的制备和凝胶化过程

采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备０．１ＣａＯ－０．１ＢａＯ－ＸＳｉＯ２－（０．８－Ｘ）ＴｉＯ２和ＹＣａＯ－（０．３－Ｙ）ＢａＯ－０．３ＳｉＯ２－０．４ＴｉＯ２（Ｘ＝０～０．５,Ｙ＝０～０．３摩尔分数）两组四元系统浸涂液。根据粘度变化和凝胶时间研究了组成、水和醋酸加入量对溶胶涂液稳定性的影响,得出了配制稳定期长的浸涂液的配比。利用红外光谱和Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）探讨溶胶形成过程和凝胶向玻璃态转变过程中的结构变化。结果表明：溶液中ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ－取代醇盐中的ＯＲ基团分别与Ｓｉ４＋和Ｔｉ４＋配位,形成反应活性不同于原醇盐的新的前驱体醇盐;经５００°Ｃ热处理后凝胶的红外光谱中出现由Ｔｉ—Ｏ—Ｓｉ伸缩振动所引起的吸收带。ＸＲＤ谱证实６０°Ｃ干凝胶中有醋酸盐晶体,５００°Ｃ热处理后,这种晶体消失,凝胶中生成Ｂａ２ＴｉＯ４晶相。     

臭氧发生器用（Sr,Ca）TiO3陶瓷电极材料的研制

研究了掺杂成分ＢａＴｉＯ３,ＣａＳｉＴｉＯ５,ＴｉＯ２,ＺｎＯ,Ｂｉ２Ｏ３对臭氧发生器用（Ｓｒ,Ｃａ）ＴｉＯ３陶瓷电极材料的介电常数、正切损耗、击穿电压、电阻率等电性能的影响．结果表明,Ｂｉ２Ｏ３的影响最大．最适合的掺杂配方是：Ｂｉ２Ｏ３１．４０％,ＴｉＯ２０．３０％,ＣａＳｉＴｉＯ５０．３１％,ＢａＴｉＯ３０．５０％和ＺｎＯ０．５２％．     

溶胶—凝胶法制备SiO_2薄膜

本研究采用ＴＥＯＳ－ＥｔＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ－ＨＣｌ体系原料，应用低温合成技术，成功地在玻璃基底上制备了完整透明的ＳｉＯ２薄膜。对合成材料进行了差热—失重分析，Ｘ射线衍射分析，红外透射光谱分析及理化检验。结果表明，无序ＳｉＯ４四面体网络已经形成，薄膜的固体物理状态可控制为晶态、非晶态，并赋予基底优良的理化性能。     

液相外延生长Bi：YIG薄膜的溶性模型

在Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＰｂＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３复合助熔剂中，采用等温浸渍液相外延技术在ＧＧＧ基片的（１１１）面上生长了（Ｂｉ，Ａｌ）：ＹＩＧ薄膜，建立了掺铋钇铁石榴石在Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＰｂＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３溶液中的溶性模型，并利用实验数据对该模型进行定量检验，发现在实验误差范围内饱和温度Ｔｓ的计算值与实验值基本相符，提出了进一步完善该溶性模型的方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-