国产节能型游梁式抽油机的性能对比分析

通过对国内开发研制并在各油田得到广泛推广使用的几种节能型游梁式抽油机进行结构、运动和动力性能分析,以及节能效果方面的比较,为油田抽油机更新换代以及常规游梁式抽油机的增程和节能改造工作提供了决策依据。     

无驴头增程抽油机设计及分析

常规游梁式抽油机采用驴头与钢丝绳将曲柄摇杆机构产生的圆弧曲线变为直线,满足了抽油机工作要求。本文设计了一种无驴头增程抽油机,其特点是取消了驴头,在传统的游梁式抽油机上增加了辅助直线机构。根据该抽油机的结构特点,对其建立了数学模型,并用解析法求出了悬点位移、速度、加速度曲线。研究了辅助机构长杆、短杆长度对抽油机冲程和尺寸的影响,为无驴头增程抽油机的优化设计提供了参考。利用有限元软件对其关键部件进行力学分析,并在满足安全要求下进行拓扑优化,降低了生产成本,提高了经济效益。     

六杆增程式抽油机及其性能分析

本文介绍了新研制的六杆增程式抽油机机构组成，增程原理，六杆机构运动分析，悬点运动规律，最后给出了优化设计及性能对比分析计算结果。     

对十型常规游梁式抽油机的改造分析

常规游梁式抽油机由于自身冲程长度受到限制,不易实现以长冲程来满足深抽和大泵提液的需求,并且平衡效果差,能耗大。胜利采油厂对常规游梁式抽油机进行了增程技术改造,实现了增程和节能的目的。     

“四新”技术在抽油机上的应用

本文简述了孤东采油厂抽油机的使用情况及存在问题;分析了变频调速技术、密封堵漏技术、增程技术改造、润滑油净化工程车等"四新"技术在抽油机上的应用,为改善抽油机的使用状况,提高抽油机的使用效益和降本增效提供了有效途径.     

行星齿轮连杆式长冲程抽油机机构尺寸优化与性能仿真

设计了一种新型长冲程抽油机，该机采用曲柄连杆机构换向，并由行星轮系增程。建立了悬点运动规律与动力性能仿真的数学模型，同时建立了抽油机机构尺寸的优化设计方法。仿真分析结果表明，该新型抽油机具有优越的动力性能，曲柄轴转矩波动小，基本消除了负转矩，曲柄轴最大转矩约下降35％，装机功率约下降40％，节能效果在25％以上。     

新型抽油机机构尺寸的优化设计与动力性能仿真

将游梁式抽油机的游梁改为具有增程作用的天车轮，天车轮前轮相对于其回转中心为圆弧曲线，后轮相对于回转中心为偏心圆弧曲线，同时将连杆改为柔性件，设计了一种新型柔性连杆变矩节能扇形抽油机，其特点是结构简单紧凑，动力性能好，节能效果显著等优点。建立了该机机构尺寸的优化设计方法以及悬点运动规律与动力性能仿真模型。仿真结果表明，该新型抽油机具有优越的动力性能。     

抽油机节能方案研究

针对常规游梁式抽油机表现出的诸多问题,对现有抽油机节能技术进行了分析,提出引起抽油机高能耗的主要矛盾是动态跟踪平衡与偏心曲柄平衡块的大起动惯量造成的大容量电动机匹配之间的矛盾。目前,我国油田大多为低渗贫油田和开采后期的低产油井,地层油液渗流速度慢,大冲程抽油机对其不适用,且光杆匀速运动不利于渗流充泵。基于此,制定了以悬挂偏置游梁式抽油机为基本机型,选用开关磁阻电动机为动力源的新型节能方案,并对悬挂偏置游梁式抽油机进行了动力学特性分析,对开关磁阻电动机的控制系统进行了设计分析。试验表明,该方案符合我国油田的实际情况,动态平衡度较高,电动机与悬点载荷匹配性能好,节能效果显著。     

随动平衡抽油机的平衡性能计算与研究

长冲程节能抽油机才能够有效提高稠油井的开采效益。提出一种在游梁后端上部增加平衡后置滑轮的方法,能有效增加抽油机的冲程,并平衡部分扭矩。对随动平衡抽油机的平衡原理进行了分析,结合抽油机的实际工作情况,对后置滑轮的平衡重进行了设计。计算了同等型号的随动平衡抽油机与普通抽油机的扭矩情况,证明加了后置滑轮的抽油机性能得到了明显改善,曲柄扭矩减小,且不存在负扭矩。     

滑轮增程式液压抽油机液压系统设计研究

随着油田开采的持续,游梁式抽油机暴露出功耗高、冲程冲次调节困难、不适应稠油开采等问题。针对游梁式抽油机的缺点,设计了一种长冲程、低冲数且冲程冲次无级可调的滑轮增程式液压抽油机。对滑轮增程式液压抽油机的液压控制系统进行了设计,并利用AMESim软件对液压抽油机的液压系统的悬点位移、悬点运动速度、悬点运动加速度进行了仿真。仿真结果与实际情况相吻合,证明了仿真结果的正确性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.