谐波对感应式有功电度表计量误差的影响

建立一种感应式有功电度表在谐波电压和谐波电流状况下计算计量误差的非线性数学模型。用该模型可分析谐波对感应式有功电度表计量误差的影响。计量误差考虑了电度表电压线圈和电流线圈在不同的谐波次数以及谐波大小时的非线性效应。按照数学模型用Ｃ语言编制了程序,计算结果表明：输入电压和输入电流中的谐波会引起较大的电度表计量误差,实验结果也证明了这一结论。     

谐波对感应式电能表影响的新进展

评述了谐波对感应式电能表性能影响这一课题在理论分析和实际检验方面的工作,由于现有的误差模型未能反映线路磁阻随频率变化,未能区分电压、电流工作磁通和非工作磁通,仅将谐波功角偏移归于相位调整线圈的调整作用,所以本文在磁路分析的基础上,推导了形成电能表转矩的电压、电流工作磁通,推导了感应型电能表计量误差的数学模型,简要分析了计量误差的成因。     

谐波电流对感应式有功电度表计量的影响

谐波对感应式有功电度表计量误差的影响主要表现为谐波电能和谐波电流的影响，其中谐波电流产生的误差由于原因较为复杂不易估计。文章对谐波电流产生的测量误差进行了较全面的分析，将误差分割为补偿误差，附加转矩误差和波形误差三部分。其中补偿误差由电流元件中的过载分磁板引起，附加转矩误差由电压圈的套饱和现象所产生的等效附加谐波电压与线路同次谐波电流作用所引起；对波形误差分析了波形的断续对误差的影响，文章对前两种误差进行了定性和定量分析，对波形主要给出测量结果。分析及测量结果显示，误差主要由补偿误差和附加转矩误差构成，基本可忽略波形断续所产生的误差。由测量结果还可以看出，高压电网中由于谐波电流不显著，基本可忽略其影响；低压电网中，尤其是民用线路中，由于存在显著的谐波电流，特别是3次谐波电流，因谐波电流产生的误差有时是不能忽略的。     

谐波对感应式电能表计量影响与对策

非线性负荷产生的大量谐波注入电网后会使得电力系统中的电压和电流波形产生严重畸变,从而对计量仪表等产生不同程度的影响。文章介绍了谐波产生的原因及其对感应式电能表的影响,分析了由于谐波存在对感应式电能表计量误差的影响情况,并提出了减少感应式电能表电能计量误差的方法和对策。     

感应式电度表性能的谐波分析

本文利用一个非线性数学模型来模拟感应式电度表在非正弦电压和电流波形下的性能。计算结果表明:在纯正弦波电压的特殊情况下,只要电流不合较大的三次谐波,由电度表励磁回路的非线性而引起的计量误差一般是较小的。但是,当电压和电流均为非正弦波时,即使在电压畸变较小时,示值误差仍然可能很大,其主要原因是由于电度表的非线性及下降的频率响应曲线所致。     

谐波对感应式电能表影响的分析及对策

介绍了谐波产生的原因及其对感应式电能表的影响,分析了由于谐波的存在而引起的感应式电能表计量的误差变化情况,并提出了减少感应式电能表电能计量误差的方法和对策。     

谐波对电能计量的影响分析

为了确定电力谐波对电能计量的影响程度及寻找消除影响的方法,分析了谐波对电能计量影响的机理,结合电网实际及电网中主要高压非线性负荷特征谐波电流,对谐波有功功率进行了估算;并对电能表进行了谐波功率响应试验加以验证.在公共连接点谐波电压符合电能质量国标的条件下,谐波对线性用户电能计量的影响在电能表的允许误差范围内;三相整流类负荷产生的谐波功率在电能表允许误差范围内;电弧炉负荷在熔化期注入电网的谐波有功功率有可能超过基波电能的1%.电弧炉产生的谐波对电能计量的影响比较大,建议采用基波电能表.     

PT 过压时电能计量误差分析

本文针对电能计量环节中电压互感器（ＰＴ）过电压时的计量误差问题,进行了理论分析。经分析得知：电压互感器过压时,使ＰＴ铁芯饱和,磁通和感应电势出现谐波分量,构成谐波功率,电度表误计电量。同时,ＰＴ铁芯饱和,会使ＰＴ发生铁磁谐振,使铁芯饱和程度加深,进一步影响计量误差。     

谐波影响下变电站电能分项计量误差测试方法

现有的电能分项计量误差测试方法通过数字仿真系统完成误差仿真,但是未实现详细的量化分析,导致计量误差测试精度较低。为此,提出新的谐波影响下变电站电能分项计量误差测试方法。分析电能分项计量系统工作原理;依据电压互感器工作原理,获取因谐波作用造成的附加误差;利用电流互感器等效电路,依据磁通守恒定律以及基尔霍夫电流定律,得到电流互感器误差测试结果;通过乘法器测试谐波影响下电子电能表的误差。将谐波影响下的电压互感器、电流互感器和电子电能表误差之和看作电能分项计量误差。实验结果表明,所提方法测得的变电站电能分项计量误差和实际误差值一致,由此可知所提方法为电能分项准确计量提供了可靠依据。     

基于鲁棒锁相环的谐波环境下电能计量方法

为解决电网谐波污染造成电能计量表计误差问题.提出了一种基于鲁棒锁相环的谐波环境下电能计量方法.分析了该锁相环的系统结构,并证明系统输出能收敛于外输入信号的基波瞬时幅值和瞬时相位,且它对于输入信号基本频率的小变化是鲁棒的.利用该锁相环能实时跟踪输入的基波分量和总的谐波分量,并能准确获得基波的频率/周期.在此基础上,结合积分平均功率法,可得到基波有功功率、总谐波有功功率,还能得到基波无功、电压总谐波畸变率、电流总谐波畸变率等指标.仿真结果证明该方法在谐波环境下电能计量具有较高的精度,总有功功率误差小于0.2%.     

A harmonic analysis of the induction watthour meter's registrationerror

A frequency-domain mathematical model developed to quantitatively analyze the effect of the different parameters on the registration error of the induction watthour meter in the presence of harmonic distortion is presented. These harmonics are included in the input voltage and current waveforms applied to the watthour meter. Measurements on the meter's voltage and current coils were utilized to include the saturation effect in the model and to obtain the variation of the frequency dependence of the meter parameters. An expression for the torque that is actually developed within the induction watthour meter in the presence of harmonics is developed along with an expression for the torque that would be measured by an errorless or ideal induction watthour meter. The ideal induction watthour meter is based upon the assumptions necessary for errorless meter operation     

Testing the performance of three-phase induction watthour meters inthe presence of harmonic distortion

Computer-based testing of a three-phase induction watthour meter in the presence of harmonic distortion is reported. Two three-phase harmonic generators produce the distorted current and voltage waveforms. Each waveform consists of prespecified harmonic magnitude and phase. Therefore, balanced or unbalanced conditions can be simulated in the testing. A fiber optic sensor is designed to convert the rotation of the disk of the meter into digital signals to be stored in an IBM PC/AT. A data acquisition system transfers the samples of current and voltage waveforms to compute the power and energy for comparison. Presented are: the computer-based harmonic generator facilities for testing, the testing procedure, and the impact of the different harmonics magnitude and phase angle on the meter's registration error     

Harmonic compensation of induction watthour meter performance

This paper analyzes the variation of the registration error of an induction watthour meter (IWHM) with respect to those parameters concerning the harmonic characteristics of the load and harmonic performance of the IWHM. Based on an analysis of the results of error variation, two types of compensation methods, namely, meter external methods and meter internal methods, are proposed to improve the accuracy of the IWHM when operated in harmonic situations. The meter external methods are related to the harmonic characteristics of the load, while the meter internal methods are associated with the harmonic performance of the IWHM. Each compensation method is comprised of several measures. This paper presents these measures for each compensation method, and gives detailed illustrations of the practical aspects for each measure. The feasibility of each compensation method is assessed, and some useful suggestions for utilities, users and manufacturers of IWHMs are offered. The study results show that the registration error due to constant single power harmonic interference can be fully compensated. When multiple power harmonics exist, however, the compensation, in general, can only focus on the main harmonic component to reduce the registration error to as low as possible. The effectiveness of those compensation methods which are feasible has been confirmed by the experimental results.     

谐波对无功电能表计量特性的影响

目前谐波对无功电能表计量特性影响的研究还不完善.文章从理论上分析了各种常用无功电能表的移相误差,然后对感应式和电子式无功电能表做了频率响应和谐波无功功率试验,并对试验数据采用最小二乘法进行分析.理论和试验分析结果表明,谐波环境下无功电能表的计量误差可分为幅值误差和相位误差两类:谐波环境下感应式和电子式无功电能表均产生很大的相位误差,使最大计量误差可能达到2倍的谐波视在功率;随着谐波次数的升高,感应式和电子式无功电能表计量的谐波无功幅值减小,感应式电能表计量的幅值减小得更快.     

Induction Watthour Meter Accuracy with Non-Sinusoidal Currents

This paper is concerned with the accuracy of registration of induction watthour meters when metering non-sinusoidal currents. Expressions are given for the meter registration errors for three cases of nonsinusoidal current wave forms: (1) full wave, phase triggered sinusoid (2) full wave, phase delayed square wave (3) full wave, battery charger wave errots in registration are found to be a function of the harmonic distortion of the impressed current and the ratio of impressed rms current to rated or class current. A generalization of this study is made, relating error to these two variables. It is suggested that a bound on the product PH?k will similarly bound registration error. PH is the per unit harmonic distortion of the current and k is the per unit rms current in the watthour meter.     

谐波电能表校准的探讨

介绍了采用Fluke 6100A作为功率源的校准装置校准谐波电能表的原理和方法,可进行谐波电能表谐波电压、谐波电流的误差测试以及谐波电能的校准,文中提出了校准方案,并对谐波电能校准测量结果的不确定度进行了评定,可应用于谐波电能表的校准和型式试验。     

基于改进虚拟磁链的dq谐波检测方法

为了提升传统dq谐波检测法对网侧电压畸变的应对能力,提出一种基于复合二阶广义积分器的虚拟磁链定向的谐波检测方法。该方法采用虚拟磁链作为同步参考坐标系锁相环的改进环节,利用复合二阶广义积分器替代常规低通滤波器,消除了传统dq谐波检测方法由于三相电网电压不对称和畸变等恶劣工况造成的检测误差,并能准确锁定电网相位角和频率。仿真和实验结果表明,改进后的谐波检测方法不受电网不平衡和波形畸变的影响,所得基波正序电流基本不存在畸变,且能够准确跟踪频率的变化,证实了本文所提出的基于复合二阶广义积分虚拟磁链定向的谐波检测方法的有效性。     

典型工业电网谐波及其混合有源滤波抑制

通过对广泛应用的变频器和中频感应加热电源供电系统谐波的测试,给出了畸变率在４２％以上电流谐波的定量结论,针地５０ｋＶＡ变频器谐波源,提出了一咱混全源电力滤波器（ＨＡＰＦ）的谐波治理方案,分析了其原理并进行了仿真和实验,结果表明该方案具有谐波抑制效果好和对电网谐波以及负载变化适应性强等优点。