基于改进型巴特勒矩阵的短波8元圆环阵列多波束技术研究

传统短波接收天线为单一的波束指向天线或全向天线。为提高接收天线增益,同时产生多个波束指向不同方向,提出利用巴特勒矩阵作为短波接收天线阵的无源波束形成网络。在传统8×8巴特勒矩阵结构的基础上,设计改进型8×8巴特勒矩阵。以均匀8元圆环阵列为天线模型,利用FEKO仿真分析了其天线特性。在3~11 MHz频段内,P2、P3、P6、P7四个端口分别在202.5°、292.5°、112.5°、22.5°方向上得到了方向性较强的单一波束,7 MHz时波束增益达到最大11.9 dBi,波瓣3 dB宽度平均为60°;在P1、P4、P5、P8端口产生相同的2个波瓣,7 MHz时其波束增益达到最大9.8 dBi,波瓣3 dB宽度平均为89°。由以上仿真分析得出,该改进型8×8巴特勒矩阵能够同时产生6个波束,波束覆盖8个方向,提高了波束的方向性,提高了天线增益。     

Piezoelectric transducer controlled multiple beam phased array using microstrip Rotman lens

A simple and low-cost multiple beam phased array is designed using a microstrip Rotman lens and multi-line phase shifter controlled by a piezoelectric transducer (PET) at Ka-band. A microstrip Rotman lens with five beam ports and nine array ports is used as a feed for a multiple beam antenna array to generate five beams centered at the angles of 0/spl deg/, /spl plusmn/15/spl deg/, and /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/. The lens fed nine-element patch array shows the antenna gain of 10 dBi and sidelobe suppression of 10 dB. Each beam is steered over /spl plusmn/8/spl deg/ using two PET-controlled phase shifters, and the five beams cover /spl plusmn/38/spl deg/ from the broadside.     

Extending the R-2R lens to 360°

The R.2R lens is a remarkable microwave device that provides perfect focusing, giving multiple simultaneous antenna beams from a circular or cylindrical array. However, the perfect focusing of the R-2R brings with it a serious limitation on angular coverage as a result of the angular doubling that enters when the array elements in the antenna are connected to the launcher elements on the lens periphery. We have now found a way to modify the R-2R concept so that a full circle of array elements can be mapped onto a full circle of beam ports. The new mapping makes use of hybrid junctions and either four or six physical lenses. The interconnections result in360degof simultaneous antenna beams, each of which can be used both for transmission and for reception.     

A planar slot array with four independent beams

Active Doppler velocity sensors require an antenna system that generates three or more independent beams. A four-port dual-mode antenna that generates four independent beams from a single aperture is described. The signals emanating from the four ports generate four beams in space through a common aperture of crossed slot radiators. Isolation between the four signals processed through the antenna is obtained primarily by utilizing the mode isolation that exists between theTE_{10}andTE_{01}modes in square waveguide. The isolation obtained between ports was 27.5 dB or greater. The special design problems and the effect of dimensional tolerances on the port isolation are discussed. A gain of greater than 30 dB for each beam and an overall antenna efficiency of approximately 71 percent were achieved. The beam pointing directions ranged from 27 to 29 degrees from the normal to the aperture. Sidelobes of 15 dB or better were also obtained.     

一种DBF体制卫星接收共形相控阵天线

提出了一种全数字波束合成(digital beam forming, DBF)体制卫星接收共形相控阵天线设计思路.该天线采用半球形共形阵排布方式, 阵元采用双层微带贴片天线实现宽带圆极化.在半球形的布局下, 通过判断卫星信号来波方向在球面上的投影来选择工作的阵元, 形成与来波方向一致的波束, 在全空域(—75°~75°)的仰角内可实现增益起伏小于1.5 dB的波束覆盖; 后端采用射频数字一体化设计技术, 可同时形成多个波束, 实现了一个天线跟踪多颗卫星的能力.最后加工和测试了天线样机, 验证了共形半球阵的波束形成能力.提出的天线设计思路有助于拓展数字波束体制在卫星通信中的应用, 对全空域多波束相控阵天线的研制具有指导意义.     

Study of deployed and modular active phased-array multibeam satellite antenna

A deployed, self-cooled and modular (tile-based) active phased array for multibeam applications has recently been proposed in the literature. This novel antenna facilitates the implementation of large array antennas in space with many beams from the same aperture, offering a flexible payload with the potential for high traffic capacity. However, the configuration also raises some questions about degradation in antenna performance, due to constraints such as non-circular aperture, frame gap, uniform amplitude excitation, and a calibration boom deployed in front of the array. Methods dealing with these issues are discussed in this paper. It is shown that a phase-only optimization technique can effectively reduce interference between same-frequency spatially reused beams, and can compensate for EIRP and C/I degradation for tile-correlated errors and failures.     

Base-station tracking in mobile communications using a switchedparasitic antenna array

Base-station tracking in mobile communications benefits from a directional antenna and so requires direction finding technology. A novel technique for electronically directing the radiation pattern of an antenna array employs a directional array with only one active element and three parasitic elements operating near resonance. Three different methods of direction finding are assessed; a coarse angular location method, a precise angular location method assuming one incident beam, and a precise angular location method with multiple incident beams. An array with n elements, if used in conjunction with a relatively simple controller, can be used to resolve n-1 signals. This technology can be implemented using both wire and patch antenna-array elements and either linear or circular polarization can be used, lending the technology to applications in both terrestrial and satellite communications systems     

Millimeter-Wave Beam Multiplexing Method Using Subarray Type Hybrid Beamforming of Interleaved Configuration with Inter-subarray Coding

A millimeter-wave beam multiplexing method using a subarray type interleaved configuration hybrid beamforming with inter-subarray coding is proposed. By multiplexing of adequate directional beams, the proposed method can reduce inter-beam interference and create multiple beams of a theoretical maximum gain that an array antenna can generate. As results of performance comparison in subarray type beamforming with the feasibility, it is shown that channel capacity of the interleaved configuration with inter-subarray coding is larger than that of the localized configuration. Particularly, in user dense environments, the interleaved configuration is effective. Therefore, we think that the interleaved configuration is suitable for millimeter-wave beam multiplexing.     

并行角馈双极化微带天线阵的分析与设计

本文提出利用双端口的并行角馈实现双极化天线,并设计了一种新的双极化馈线网络。综合运用了多端口网络模型、腔模理论、分片法和补片法,给出了各天线单元和双极化馈线网络的理论分析方法。实际设计了一副6GHz频段的单层共面的四元天线阵,实测的双端口隔离度达-50dB,其性能明显优越于通常的单层双极化微带天线阵列。     

Binomial array as a multistate phase diversity antenna

If two in-phase plane waves arrive at an antenna from different directions, the resulting signal is not necessarily the coherent sum of the two incoming signals. This is due to the fact that the antenna radiation pattern is actually a complex quantity containing amplitude and phase properties. Thus, it can be stated that antenna phase characteristics may vary as a function of direction. In free space, the antenna phase pattern does not have any role in radio communications in contrast to mobile communications in an urban microcell where the radio channel is very complicated due to multipath propagation. Array antennas offer possibilities to control its phase properties in transmission and reception, which offer a simple technique to improve the combination of received multipath signal components. Binomial arrays are one possibility to implement similar directive beams which, however, have different phase patterns compared to each other. A set of these beams could be used in a discretely optimizing receiver system much in the same way as other diversity techniques are used. A four-element array and results from a microcell radio channel environment simulation are presented as a demonstration of this technique     

天线散射理论研究

本文给出单端口天线和多端口天线阵列的基础散射理论,该理论清晰地说明了天线散射的原理.以该理论为基础,可以得到求解天线散射场的方法,从而解决了长久以来天线散射场中结构模式项散射和天线模式项散射之间的相位差难以确定的问题.本文工作对天线隐身有重要意义.     

Multiple-beam dual-offset reflector antenna with an array feed

A computer simulation is described for the production of multiple beams by a dual-offset reflector antenna with a feed consisting of a circular waveguide array. It is shown that acceptable efficiencies and low crosspolar levels can be achieved for two sample beams of a multibeam configuration by deriving the array excitation from the focal-region fields of the double-offset antenna.     

低副瓣多波束Rotman透镜天线设计

设计了一个工作于Ka频段的16波束H面波导结构低副瓣多波束Rotman透镜天线.各相邻波束间隔小于半功率波束宽度.采用相邻波束副瓣对消的原理实现了降低副瓣目的.实测结果表明,与未采取对消的天线相比,天线副瓣电平平均降低了10 dB.给出了H面喇叭激励下透镜内电磁场计算公式及阵列轮廓的截获损耗.螺钉移相器的应用缩小了透镜...     

A distributed-feedback antenna oscillator

In this paper, a new design of the active transmitting antenna array, called the distributed-feedback antenna oscillator, is proposed. The active array is formed by serially connecting several unit cells to a closed loop. Each unit cell contains an amplifier and a two-port antenna, with an overall insertion gain larger than 0 dB and a phase delay equal to a multiple of 360°. The signal traveling on the loop is amplified and radiated in each unit cell. The radiation fields from all the antennas are then combined in free space. A four-element feedback antenna oscillator operating at 10 GHz is demonstrated by using two-port aperture-coupled microstrip antennas. Simulation results show that multiple oscillation modes with different frequencies and different radiation beams may be excited in the antenna oscillator. By experiment, it is found that each oscillation mode can be built by tuning the biases of the oscillator. The measured radiation pattern for each mode agrees very well with the predicted one. For a single-mode operation with a broadside pattern, bandstop filters of a simple geometry are designed and embedded in the oscillator to suppress the unwanted oscillation modes. Finally, the influence of the bias condition on the radiation power of the single-mode oscillator is investigated     

Design of dual-polarized L-probe patch antenna arrays with high isolation

An experimental study of a dual-polarized L-probe patch antenna is presented. The antenna is designed to operate at around 1.8 GHz. A "dual-feed" technique is introduced to achieve high isolation between two input ports. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 23.8% (SWR/spl les/2), 15% (SWR/spl les/1.5) and an isolation over 30 dB. In array designs, techniques for improving the isolation between two adjacent elements of an antenna array are also investigated. A two-element array with more than 30 dB isolation is designed and tested.     

用于室内无线通信的新型多波束天线阵列

本文提出了一种低剖面、低成本的多波束天线阵列的设计方法。与传统的切换多波束天线设计相比,新设计可以在不切换的情况下同时实现多个波束。多波束由一个简单的馈电网络实现,馈电网络的激励分配由最大功率传输效率法和加权对角矩阵确定。通过调整测试接收天线的加权系数,可以实现8个方向不同辐射强度的多个波束。天线的工作中心频率为5.8 GHz,天线系统主要由辐射部分和馈电部分组成,分别置于两个不同的堆叠基板上,通过同轴馈电。利用八波束共存的优势,可提供全面覆盖和改进链路预算,适用于双向隧道或室内使用的无线通信系统。     

Minimizing the Noise Penalty Due to Mutual Coupling for a Receiving Array

For phased array receivers, mutual coupling leads to beam-dependent active impedances which must be taken into account when matching the array ports to front end amplifiers for optimal noise performance. We study the noise penalty for several noise matching conditions and develop a matching condition that minimizes the average beam equivalent receiver noise temperature over multiple beams. For non-beamforming applications such as multiple input multiple output communications, we show that noise performance for coupled arrays can be quantified using the spectrum of an equivalent receiver noise temperature correlation matrix.      

一种双波束相控阵天线的设计与实现

介绍了一种双波束相控阵天线,阐述了其工作原理、设计方法及实测结果。该天线阵工作于P波段,用于雷达干扰发射系统,发射波束为方位同时双波束,并且每个波束均可独立电扫描,实现了同时对多目标、多方位的雷达干扰。     

基于阵列天线的多波束形成

多波束天线是利用一副天线产生多个波束。由于有源多元阵的出现和发展,有源多元阵天线有望在将来的各个领域中得到广泛应用。介绍了3种常用的阵列天线特点,并对其形成的波束情况进行了比较。     

一种新型双频双圆极化多波束天线的设计

设计了一种双频双圆极化多波束天线, 同时设计了工作在L 和S 两个频段的4×4 微带Butler 矩阵,采用该矩阵作为多波束天线的馈电网络,从而实现波束切换。为减小天线安装口径面积,垂直于天线阵面安装Butler矩阵,对整个系统进行仿真优化并进行驻波和方向图测试,结果表明:该多波束天线具有较低的插损且可以实现天线法线±60°范围内增益大于5dB 的波束覆盖,适用于要求高增益大角度覆盖的通信系统。