人工智能在名老中医学术传承中的应用探讨＊

中医药学是中华民族灿烂文化的重要组成部分,传承与创新相结合,是延续中医药事业的根本途径。名老中医的学术思想和临床经验在中医药发展中至关重要,其传承模式也随着时代发展而逐渐多元化。然而,大量隐性知识存在于中医临床诊疗过程中,极大地增加了名老中医学术传承的难度。人工智能技术目前在现代医学诊疗中已有了初步应用,它可以拓展人类局限的数据存储和计算分析能力。与人工智能相结合的中医传承模式,可以深度挖掘名老中医学术思想,为中医学的传承发展贡献力量。本文主要介绍名老中医学术传承现状,探讨并展望人工智能在名老中医学术传承中的应用以及前景。     

科研是传承名老中医学术经验，培养新一代名医的捷径

本文通过对名老中医的学术经验研究,探寻培养新一代名医的捷径,认为科研可促进名老中医学术经验评价方法的研究;将名老中医学术经验转化成科研成果,便于传承;科研利于促进名老中医学术思想的发展与提高,有利于其传承与创新.     

促进名老中医学术传承培养新一代名医的策略与思路

名老中医学术传承是当前中医学发展、临床水平提高的关键,也是培养新一代中医名医的有效途径。通过加强名老中医论著的研读,把握其学术渊源;熟读医案,定期跟诊,总结临证经验,凝练学术思想;科研立项传承;建立病历数据库,挖掘新知识,提出新理论等举措可促进名老中医学术思想传承、创新。在此过程中,始终以培养后备中医人才为核心,加快新一代名医的诞生。     

《上海中医药杂志》“名医传承”专栏征稿启事

为了配合国家科技部和国家中医药管理局“‘十五’国家科技攻关计划‘名老中医学术思想、经验传承研究’”,总结和传承名老中医学术思想和临床诊疗经验,《上海中医药杂志》开辟了“名医传承”专栏,主要介绍名老中医独到的学术思想、创新的学术见解和临床经验、诊治的典型病历、辩证思维特点、     

关于名老中医学术思想整理的几点意见——在陈可冀院士学术思想座谈会上的发言

张伯礼院士首先,热烈祝贺陈可冀院士学术思想座谈会召开。陈院士是我国中西医结合事业的开拓者和领军人物之一。在中西医学科建设、心血管病防治、活血化瘀研究及清宫医案整理等多方面取得重要成果,成为一代大家。传承整理陈院士学术思想具有重要意义。我想就此谈几点意见,供大家参考。1名老中医学术思想整理是中医理论创新的重要形式和内容任何一门科学都需要传承与创新,医学如此,其他学科也如此,但传承与创新对中医药来说尤为重要。为什么呢,因为中医是一门临床科学,其学术特色更多是通过理论指导下的实践来彰显。很多名老中医在学习了中西医理论之后,结合自己长期的临床实践,形成了经验。学术经验是宝贵的,是精华。对名老中医学术思想的传承是中医传承的重要方法和主要形式之一,这种传承的方法是实时的,内容是鲜活的,具有时代特色。因为这不是固化的纸面经验,而是实践结合理论思索的过程,这本身就是中医学术的发展。我们继承、整理、发展名老中医的学术经验,就是传承发展中医学术。所以今天的这个座谈会显得特别有意义。     

论人工智能技术下名老中医诊疗经验传承发展

名老中医是当前中医药临床与学术领域的杰出代表,是传承经典、实现中医创新发展的灵魂。笔者通过探析名老中医诊疗经验传承发展的现状以及目前存在的问题,提出几点关于名老中医传承工作的思考和发展方向。在人工智能技术背景下建立基于名老中医个体化知识图谱,重点围绕基层中医诊疗和传承学习需求构建集名老中医特色理论认识、辨证思路、治则治法及选方用药等认知思维决策知识和辅助诊疗等功能的开放式传承服务云平台,应成为今后名老中医学术思想传承发展的重要方向。     

传承名老中医学术思想临床经验的5个环节

名老中医临床经验、学术思想是中医学学术特点、理论特质的集中体现,是中医学这个伟大宝库中的一笔宝贵财富,认真传承可以极大推动中医学的发展。如何才能做好这一工作,是一个值得思索的问题。通过浅析传承名老中医学术思想、临床经验的5个环节,提出传承应依次做好信、学、知、疑、变工作。     

《上海中医药杂志》“名医传承”专栏征稿启事

为了配合国家科技部和国家中医药管理局“‘十五’国家科技攻关计划‘名老中医学术思想、经验传承研究’”,总结和传承名老中医学术思想和临床诊疗经验,《上海中医药杂志》开辟了“名医传承”专栏,主要介绍名老中医独到的学术思想、创新的学术见解和临床经验、诊治的典型病历、辨证思维特点、某一疾病的诊治和用药规律等。     

《上海中医药杂志》“名医传承”专栏征稿启事

为了配合国家科技部和国家中医药管理局“‘十五’国家科技攻关计划‘名老中医学术思想、经验传承研究”’,总结和传承名老中医学术思想和临床诊疗经验,《上海中医药杂志》开辟了“名医传承”专栏,主要介绍名老中医独到的学术思想、创新的学术见解和临床经验、诊治的典型病历、辩证思维特点、某一疾病的诊治和用药规律等。     

对中医学术流派与传承方式的若干思考

中医学术流派与传承问题,对中医学的继承和创新发展尤其是传统医药非物质文化遗产保护具有重要意义。通过分析中医学术流派传承及其传承人认定的要素,认为创新而独特的学术思想、稳定的传承模式和人才梯队是中医学术流派形成与发展的必要条件;以名老中医为核心的学习团队成为现代学术继承的特点之一,但名老中医不等于流派;现代传承形式众多,应区别对待学术传承人和继承者,但学生不代表继承人,只有继承和传扬了流派的学术思想才能认定为传承人。     

应用数据挖掘技术开展名老中医学术经验传承研究的全局设计实例

传统中医药学在数千年的发展过程中,逐渐形成了独具特色的理论和诊疗体系,与现代医学大相径庭的思维、理路、方法及技术在临床实践中同样发挥着巨大的、无可替代的作用。中医药学诊断和防治疾病的基本原则是辨证论治,即在中医理论指导下,通过对个体望、闻、问、切四诊合参,将所收集的资料、症状和体征进行分析综合,概括判断出证候,并以此为据确立治则、治法和处方用药。     

王氏保赤丸治疗消化系统疾病概述

王氏保赤丸系根据清代道光年间通州著名中医王胪卿祖传九世秘方配制,并由其嫡孙王绵之教授监制的纯中药制剂。该药由大黄、黄连、制天南星、川贝母等组成。方中大黄苦寒,攻积导滞,泻火凉血,行瘀通经;黄连苦寒,清热燥湿,泻火解毒;制天南星苦凉,化痰熄风定惊;川贝母苦寒,化痰止咳,清热散结。王氏     

Effects of feeding tyrosine and phenylalanine on the accumulation of phenylethanoid glycosides to Cistanche deserticola cell suspension culture

AIM： To investigate the effects of feeding phenylalanine （Phe） and tyrosine （Tyr） on the accumulation of total phenolic compounds and four phenylethanoid glycosides （PeGs） to a cell suspension culture of the parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola.METHOD： A cell suspension culture of C. deserticola was established and precursors of different concentrations were fed. In each group, the cell was sampled at the 24^th day after inoculation. The content of total phenolic compounds and four PeGs compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and an HPLC method, respectively.RESULTS： In the Phe fed cells, the maximum PeGs yield was achieved when Phe was fed at 1.5 mmol·L^-1 and the yield reached 1.13 times the control cell concentration. In the Tyr fed cells, the maximum yield of PeGs was 1.60 times of control when 0.75 mmol·L^-1 Tyr was fed to the cells. Furthermore, it was found that the salidroside yield was 4.01 times of control group when 5 mmol·L^-1 Tyr was fed.CONCLUSION： Tyr is a better precursor for PeGs accumulation compared with Phe, and the rate limiting enzymes might be involved in the Tyr branch.     

Capillary blood flow in patients with dysmenorrhea treated with acupuncture

OBJECTIVE; To observe capillary blood flow at acu- points during acupuncture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea and gain new insights into its anal- gesic mechanism. METHODS： Patients with primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled and randomly assigned to a treat- ment or control group. Subjects＇ symptoms were differentiated into various Traditional Chinese Medi- cine （TCM） syndromes and treated for 10 sessions with puncturing acupuncture or self-pressing right-hand Hegu （LI 4）, adding other acupoints based on syndrome. Laser speckle was used tocompare the change in the vasomotor amplitude and perfusion of the capillaries in Hegu （LI 4） be- fore and during the treatment. Each subject was re- quired to finish the period pain symptoms observa- tion form, verbal rating scales, numerical rating scale, pain rating index, face rating scale, Zung self-rating depression scale, Zung self-rating anxi- ety scale, and numerical rating scale before and af- ter treatments. RESULTS： After 10 sessions, the symptom scores, pain index （PI）, and visual analog scale （VAS） de- creased significantly in treatment group. The vol- ume of blood flow in Hegu （LI 4） declined slightly. No significant evidence supported that needling caused capillary contraction, but the capillary vaso- motor amplitude at Hegu （LI 4） increased remark- ably. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture can increase the capil- lary blood flow, thus promoting the flow of Qi and blood in terms of TCM theory, which facilitates pain relief.     

DT-13, a saponin of dwarf lilyturf tuber,exhibits anti-cancer activity by down-regulating C-C chemokine receptor type 5 and vascular endothelial growth factor in MDA-MB-435 cells简

AIM： To investigate the anticancer activity of DT-13 under normoxia and determine the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS： MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion were performed to assess the anticancer activity of DT-13, a saponin from Ophiopogonjaponicus, in vitro. In addition, the effects of DT-13 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo were evaluated by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-435 cells into nude mice; mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 （CCR5） and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a （HIF-1a） were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR; and CCR5 protein levels were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS： At 0.01 to 1 umol·L -1, DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion significantly in vitro. DT-13 reduced VEGF and CCR5 mRNAs, and decreased CCR5 protein expression by down-regulating HIF-1 a. In addition, DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell lung metastasis, and restricted tumor growth slightly in vivo. CONCLUSION： DT-13 inhibited MDA-MB-435 cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo by reducing VEGF, CCR5, and HIF-la expression.     

张琪对王清任学术思想的临床应用与创新

张琪教授是首届国医大师,学术上兼容并蓄,善于吸收各医家学术精华而自成一派;临证善于治疗内科疑难病,尤其是疑难肾病。笔者有幸成为同济大学＂中医大师人才传承培养计划＂学员,听张老授课、随张老临证,收益颇多。现就张老对清代名医王清任学术思     

Combinatorial effects of conception and governor vessel electroacu- puncture and human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells on pathomorphologic lesion and cellular apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the combinatorial ef- fects of conception and governor vessel electroacu- puncture （EA） and human umbilical cord blood-de- rived mesenchymal stem cells （HUCB-MSCs） on pathomorphologic lesion and cellular apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS： With the HUCB-MSCs isolated, cultured and identified and the models of cerebral isch- emia-reperfusion established, the HUCB-MSCs of passage three were intracranially transplanted andthe EA at conception and governor vessels was ap- plied. The pathomorphologic lesion by hematoxy- lin-eosin staining and the cellular apoptosis by ter- minal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling method around the ischemic fo- cus were observed. RESULTS： The cultured adherent HUCB-MSCs ex- hibited a spindle shape and expressed MSC-specif- ic markers, with the cell purity and proliferation rate significantly increasing after the primary pas- sage. HE staining showed that there were no patho- logical changes observed in the sham surgery group. However, in the PBS transplantation group, degeneration and necrosis of a great number of nerve cells were seen. In both the HUCB-MSCs transplantation group and the HUCB-MSCs trans- plantation ＋ EA group, reparative changes of the pathomorphism of the tissue were found. Both combination treatment and simple MSCs treat- ment were able to improve the pathomorphorlogic lesion following cerebral ischemia and reduce the abnormal TUNEL-positive numbers, with former better than latter. CONCLUSION： HUCB-MSCs improve pathological lesions and inhibit the cellular apoptosis around the cerebral ischemic area. EA at conception and governor vessels also improve pathological lesion and inhibit the cellular apoptosis in rats treated with HUCB-MSCs transplantation, which effects were superior to that of simple HUCB-MSCs trans- plantation.     

Effects of Radix Ginseng on microbial infections： a narrative review

OBJECTIVE： To summarized the antimicrobial-like effects of Radix Ginseng, which provide important information to the relevant researchers and clinicians, and will benefit the clinical treatment of infectious diseases. METHODS： PubMed and Google were used to search for and collect scientific publications related to Radix Ginseng and microbial infections. The authors read, classified, and discussed the associated scientific results or evidences, and summarized the corresponding results. RESULTS： In this review, recent studies on the beneficial effects of Radix Ginseng extracts on microbial and biofilm infections were reviewed. The impor- tance and significance of Radix Ginseng＇s beneficial effects are discussed. Evidence for the favorable ef- fects of Radix Ginseng extracts on viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections and the possible un- derlying mechanisms are summarized. CONCLUSION-＂ Radix Ginseng might be a promising supplemental remedy for the prevention and treat- ment of infectious diseases.