管状电极电解小孔变压力场研究

在大量管状电极脉冲电解加工小孔试验的基础上,研究分段式增加电解液压力作用下管状电极电解小孔形状精度及间隙电流的变化.从电解加工理论出发,分析试验数据得出:随着电解小孔加工深度的增加,分段式提高电解液压力可提高管状电极脉冲电解加工的形状精度,提高加工的定域性.     

超声辅助电解磨削GH625微小孔工艺研究

超声振动辅助电解磨削加工技术是一种以超声振动作为辅助、电解磨削为主要加工方式实现零件精加工的新型加工技术。为获得更高表面质量的管电极微孔,首先利用单因素法对GH625材料进行管电极打孔,初步得到最小平均锥度0.043°的微小孔,然后通过正交试验研究脉冲电压、电解液浓度、主轴进给速度、阴极转速对加工微小孔锥度和表面质量的影响规律。结果表明:在脉冲电压7 V、电解液质量分数14%、阴极转速12000 r/min、进给速度0.7 mm/min下,可获得内表面粗糙度和平均锥度分别为Ra0.499μm与0.036°的微小孔。     

工件低频振动对微细电解加工材料蚀除速度的影响

基于电化学阳极溶解原理的微细电解加工技术在特种加工技术中占据着重要的地位。然而,微小间隙内电解液更新困难、电解产物难以及时有效排出,一直是制约该技术发展的瓶颈。利用自行设计的低频振动装置,通过工件低频振动辅助的方法进行微小孔电解加工实验,结果表明：该方法改善了加工区域的流场条件,促进了加工区域电解产物的输运及电解液的更新,显著提高了工件材料的蚀除速度。     

盐溶液管电极电解加工钛合金深小孔

管电极电解加工采用中空金属管作为阴极工具对工件进行电解蚀除,在深小孔加工方面具有独特优势。为了避免酸性电解液对环境造成的危害,管电极电解加工采用中性盐溶液替代酸性溶液作为电解液。通过研究初始加工间隙、进给速度、电解液压力、电参数对钛合金深小孔加工的影响,择优选取加工参数,在20 mm厚的TC4钛合金工件上加工出了深径比大于10的通孔。     

微细盘状电极制备及其微细电解加工研究

基于电化学腐蚀加工方法,提出了一种微细盘状电极的制备方法。先采用平板阴极电化学腐蚀法,将毛坯加工成圆柱状微细电极,再对圆柱电极端部进行绝缘保护,进一步腐蚀制备得到微细盘状电极。利用微细圆柱电极、盘状电极和盘状群电极,在厚1 mm的304不锈钢片上进行电解加工对比实验,结果证明采用微细盘状电极电解加工微小孔,其加工定域性有明显改善,侧壁间隙减小,且降低了孔锥度。     

超声扰动电解液电解加工小孔的实验研究

加工间隙是影响电解加工精度的重要因素之一,选择小的加工间隙可以提高加工精度,但是由于加工间隙过小,电解产物不能及时排出,会引起火花或者短路。针对这一问题,研究了不同的脉冲频率下超声扰动电解液及常规电解加工、对侧面间隙、加工速度以及加工精度的影响。研究表明:超声扰动电解液改变了加工间隙的流场,使得间隙内电解产物及时排出;和常规电解加工小孔相比,减小了加工间隙,提高了加工速度、加工精度。     

脉冲电解加工小孔的试验研究

介绍在耐高温镍基合金上进行脉冲电解加工小孔的试验研究.分析了加工过程中脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、工具电极进给速度对小孔加工的精度影响.结果表明:采用较小的电参数和较大的工具电极进给速度,有利于减小小孔的侧面加工间隙,提高孔的加工精度.     

超声扰动电解液的微细孔电解加工精度研究

根据法拉第定律、间隙内流场的特性以及超声扰动参数的影响,探讨了采用超声扰动电解液方法进行微细孔电解加工的机理,对微细电解和超声扰动电解液下的微细电解加工工艺试验进行了比较,结果表明超声扰动电解液加工时,加工间隙减小,加工的定域性得到改善,加工精度得到提高.     

螺旋电极微细电解加工的流场仿真与实验研究

采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)计算软件FLUENT,对螺旋电极微细电解加工间隙内复杂流场的变化做数值模拟分析,分析了加工间隙、电解液流速及压力等因素对流场的影响,获得最优的流场分布,从而提高了微细电解加工稳定性。     

微细电解加工技术的概况与展望

概括总结了微细电解加工的典型技术,综合分析了近几年微细电解加工技术的研究成果和最新进展,包括脉冲电源、新型电解液、复合加工、微器件加工以及基础理论等方面,展望了其未来的研究重点和发展趋势.     

电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的试验研究

针对微细阵列轴和孔的电火花加工,提出了利用数控电火花加工机床摇动功能的摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的方法.此法是基于电火花反拷贝加工的原理,先用丝电极在薄平板(中间电极)上按要加工的阵列轴和孔间距或数倍间距加工阵列小孔(直径0.1 mm以上),然后用加工的薄平板(中间电极)作电极,电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴(电极),最后用此微细阵列电极加工阵列孔.进行了电火花摇动加工微细阵列电极试验,得到了单电极直径为50 μm、长径比为16的3×3阵列电极,并用此电极在70 μm厚的不锈钢板上加工出单孔直径为70 μm的3×3微细阵列孔.试验结果表明,电火花摇动加工方法可实现微细阵列轴和孔的加工.     

Diffusion Bonded EDM Electrode with Micro Holes for Jetting Dielectric Liquid

This paper describes improvement of machining characteristics of electrical discharge machining of deep slots using a tool electrode which has micro holes for jetting dielectric liquid over the working surface. The tool electrode was made by the diffusion bonding of two copper plates, over an interface on which micro grooves for jetting the dielectric fluid were formed using electrolyte jet machining. In conventional machining, it is difficult to drill micro holes at the end of a slim electrode and circulate the dielectric fluid from the other end. Hence a solid tool electrode is used and periodically lifted up during machining to flush debris particles out of the discharge gap. Use of the newly developed tool electrode was found to shorten the processing time and improve machining accuracy significantly compared with the conventional solid tool electrode. Since the holes are micro, the outlet shapes are not replicated onto the bottom surface of the slot machined.     

低盐溶液电火花-电解复合加工微小方孔试验

综合电火花加工快速蚀除材料与电解加工溶解重铸层的优势,提出了在低电导率的NaNO3溶液中使用电极逐层往复式铣削加工微小方孔的电火花-电解复合加工方法,并研究了电解液浓度、电压和电容参数对微小方孔加工质量的影响。结果表明:电解液浓度与加工电压对微小方孔加工质量影响较大,电容影响相对较小。选用最优加工参数在100μm厚的321不锈钢片上加工微小方孔,得到的方孔加工质量好、侧壁表面无重铸层,且工具电极相对损耗仅0.05%。     

Trepanning of Al2O3 by electro-chemical discharge machining (ECDM) process using abrasive electrode with pulsed DC supply

Electro-chemical discharge machining (ECDM) of electrically non-conductive high-strength–high-temperature-resistant ceramics such as aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) by trepanning method (i.e. orbital motion of tool) has shown the possibility of drilling large size holes by comparatively smaller electrodes efficiently and economically. However, at greater machined depth, the conventional electrode configurations and machining parameters show that machining performance gradually deteriorates with increase in tool depth and finally cause micro cracks on the machined surface due to thermal shocks at high voltage. To reduce this problem and to enhance the machining performance during trepanning operation of Al₂O₃, a spring fed cylindrical abrasive electrode of 1.5 mm diameter has been used under the effect of the three most influential parameters, namely, pulsed DC supply voltage, duty factor and electrolyte conductivity, each at five different levels to assess the volume of material removed, machined depth and diameteral overcut. The results obtained from this study revealed that pulsed DC has reduced the tendency of cracking at high supply voltage compared to smooth DC and the machining ability of the abrasive electrode was better than copper electrode as it would enhance the cutting ability due to the presence of abrasive grains during machining. In addition to this, trepanning provides the scope for drilling bigger holes.     

空心电极定长补偿电火花铣削实验研究

在微细电火花加工过程中,对电极进行定长补偿是保证加工精度的有效方法之一。当使用空心电极进行定长补偿电火花铣削时,电极会形成稳定的圆台形端部。提出了基于圆台形端部定长补偿的数学模型,通过实验观测分析圆台形端部的形成过程,并验证了该方法下的加工稳定性。在电极直径及电参数不变的情况下,研究了补偿长度与加工深度、工件横截面斜角的关系,进一步对模型进行了实验验证。最后进行了实例加工并获得了较好的加工效果。     

Micropatterning of Ni-based metallic glass by pulsed wire electrochemical micro machining

The technique of wire electrochemical micro machining (WECMM) is proposed firstly for the micropatterning of Ni-based metallic glass in this paper. Metallic glass (MG) exhibits many outstanding properties such as high hardness and strength, which enable it to be used as functional and structural materials in micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). A significant limitation to the application of MGs is the challenge of shaping them on micro scale. WECMM is a non-traditional machining technique to fabricate microstructures that has some unique advantages over other methods, which will be a promising technique for micro shaping of metallic glass structures. Taking the example of a Ni-based glassy alloy, Ni₇₂Cr₁₉Si₇B₂, the polarization and fabrication characteristic in dilute hydrochloric acid electrolyte were investigated. Changes in the machined slit width in terms of several experimental parameters were investigated to find the optimal ones. Finally, the optimal machining parameters: HCl electrolyte concentration of 0.1 M, applied voltage of 4.5 V, pulse duration of 80 ns, pulse period of 3 μs and feed rate of 0.3 μm s⁻¹ were employed for the fabrication of microstructures. Such as a micro square helix with a slit width of 14.0 μm, standard deviation of 0.2 μm and total length up to 2000 μm, along with a micro pentagram structure with side length of 90 μm and sharp corner of 36°, were machined with a high level of stability and accuracy.     

用块电极轴向进给法电火花磨削微细轴

对电火花磨削微细轴中的关键问题进行了分析，提出并研究了利用块状电极轴向进给磨削微细轴的方法。在自行研制的多功能微细加工装置上，用该方法加工出了直径10μm的微细轴，并用此轴加工出了直径20／μm的微细孔。实验中发现：令伺服响应延时，可改善微细轴的圆度。用此方法得到的微细轴，根部强度高，有利于微细轴的加工和工作。     

Micro Electrochemical Machining of 3D Micro Structure Using Dilute Sulfuric Acid

Micro electrochemical machining (ECM) using ultra short pulses with tens of nanosecond duration is presented. 0.1 M sulfuric acid was used as electrolyte and 3D micro structures were machined on stainless steel. To prevent taper, a disk-type electrode was introduced. Using the disk-type electrode, taper could be eliminated. To improve productivity, multiple electrodes were applied and multiple structures were machined simultaneously. Since the wear of tool electrode is negligible in ECM, micro wire can be used as tool electrode. Using a platinum wire electrode with 10 urn diameter, various 3D features were machined on stainless steel plate.     

A study of three-dimensional shape machining with an ECμM system

This paper presents an electrochemical micromachining (ECμM) system developed with a machining gap control system. As a preliminary, electrochemical machining (ECM) experiments are carried out. The optimum machining condition of ECM is determined in terms of machining voltage, machining pulse length, amplitude of the electrode for flushing out contamination, and electrolyte concentration. After the preliminary ECM experiments, three-dimensional shape micromachining is carried out under the optimum condition. First, a prismatic electrode with a 200-μm square as the base shape is machined by ECM. Next, three-dimensional shape micromachining is carried out by scanning the prismatic electrode. A three-dimensional shape with sub-millimeter range is successfully machined.     

微细电极的正交点电接触在线测量及组合制作工艺

为服务于微细电火花加工用微细工具电极在线制作,提出一种正交点电接触标准细棒的微细电极在线测量方法。将电极轴线与标准细棒轴线正交（垂直）布置,通过电极外径与标准细棒外径之间低压电感知的点接触方式,避免或减少标准棒尺寸误差和安装误差的影响。提出采用自穿孔成形伺服反拷法和线电极磨削法组合工艺,并结合在线测量反馈方式,实现了钨材料微细电极较高效率的在线制作,尺寸可控精度可达±1．5μm。