外科药房静脉用药集中调配中心中药注射剂医嘱分析

目的对外科药房静脉用药集中调配中心(PIVAS)中药注射剂不合理医嘱进行分析,了解不合理用药情况,提高用药安全性、合理性、有效性。方法对PIVAS 2013年全部中药注射剂不合理医嘱常见问题进行审核、统计、分类和分析。结果不合理医嘱431条,主要不合理医嘱问题集中在给药剂量、药物溶媒、溶媒量、配伍禁忌、给药途径不适宜等问题。结论药师应将不合理医嘱及时与临床科室沟通,为保障患者用药安全、合理做出贡献。     

我院静脉用药调配中心不合理处方分析

目的总结我院静脉用药调配中心（PIVAS）发现的不合理处方情况,提高药品配置质量,加强临床合理用药。方法对我院静脉用药调配中心（PIVAS）2012年l～7月审核发现的不合理用药医嘱进行统计、分析。结果在审核的237150条医嘱中,发现不合理用药医嘱915条（0．38％）,类型包括给药方法不合理、溶媒选择不合理、配伍禁忌等。结论PIVAS药师通过纠正不合理用药医嘱,可促进临床合理用药。     

我院静脉用药不合理医嘱的监测、调查与分析

目的：提高我院静脉用药的合理性和安全性。方法：对我院静脉药物配置中心(PIVAS)2014年1月—2014年12月的用药医嘱进行逐一审核,收集药师审核并建议修改的不合理医嘱进行分类并统计,分析不合理用药原因,并就干预、改善不合理用药的对策进行总结。结果：发现不合理医嘱1502组,占全部医嘱的0.12%,包括载体种类不合理、载体量不合理、配伍禁忌、给药剂量不合理、给药时间不合理、给药途径不合理、给药顺序不合理、重复给药这8类。结论：PIVAS药师的医嘱审核促进了静脉输液的合理使用,目前我院PIVAS不合理医嘱比例较低。     

PIVAS不合理用药分析及干预

目的：探讨静脉药物配置中心（ PIVAS）不合理用药情况及保障患者合理用药的措施。方法对医院2013年1－12月PIVAS不合理用药情况进行统计分析。结果不合理用药情况主要有溶媒选择不合理、给药剂量不当、给药浓度不合理以及药物间配伍禁忌等。结论药学干预能减少临床不合理用药的发生,通过医嘱审核及干预,静脉用药医嘱得到了有效规范,药师在提高静脉用药合理性和适宜性、保障患者用药安全方面发挥了重要作用。     

某院2011～2013年静脉药物配置中心不合理用药医嘱分析

目的分析该院2011～2013年静脉用药集中调配中心不合理用药医嘱,了解静脉药物配置中心（PIVAS）不合理用药医嘱现状及药师干预成效。方法收集整理该院PIVAS日常审方工作中不合理用药医嘱,并进行统计分析。结果该院PIVAS不合理用药医嘱的主要类型为：稀释浓度不当、溶媒选择不当、给药频次不当、药物配伍禁忌、给药剂量不当等;2011～2013年不合理用药医嘱的百分率分别为：0.0769%、0.0479%、0.0269%,呈逐年下降趋势。结论通过药师审核用药医嘱及有效干预,不合理用药医嘱减少,患者静脉用药的安全性得到了提高。     

我院静脉用药集中调配中心不合理医嘱分析

目的：分析我院静脉用药集中调配中心（ PIVAS）发现的不合理用药情况,以促进临床合理用药。方法收集我院PIVAS 2014年4月至2015年4月间药师审核的配液医嘱,对其中记录的不合理医嘱进行统计分析。结果审核的18775例医嘱中,存在不合理医嘱53例。不合理医嘱类型主要包括药物剂量及浓度不当、溶媒选择不当、给药顺序不当、适应症不当等。结论 PIVAS在为临床服务的同时,通过药师对医嘱的审核,及时纠正不合理用药,提高了临床用药的安全性和有效性,促进临床合理用药。     

某院PIVAS的不合理用药情况分析

目的：分析静脉用药调配中心（pharmacy intravenous admixture services,PIVAS）不合理用药原因并提出改进的措施。方法：选取2021年2月—2022年2月PIVAS含有静脉输液内容的医嘱5 000份,分析其不合理原因,并提出改进措施。结果：PIVAS 5 000份静脉输液医嘱中,审查出不合理用药医嘱203份（占4.06%）;其不合理用药原因有溶媒选择不适宜、药物配伍不当、给药浓度不合理、给药次数不合理、使用剂量不合理、给药方式不合理和医嘱电脑输入错误,其中溶媒选择不适宜40份（占19.70%）、药物配伍不当17份（占8.37%）、给药浓度不合理29份（占14.29%）、给药次数不合理26条（占12.81%）、使用剂量不合理27条（占13.30%）、给药方式不合理58份（占28.57%）和医嘱电脑输入错误6份（占2.96%）。结论：医院PIVAS用药调配存在诸多不合理用药配方,应提高临床药师专业和审方能力,积极主动与临床医师沟通,以避免不合理用药调配、增强安全用药意识,确保PIVAS静脉用药的安全性。     

我院静脉用药调配中心不合理医嘱分析及用药干预

目的:分析我院静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)不合理用药医嘱。方法:调查我院2009年2月-2010年2月PIVAS63562条用药医嘱中药师所记录的不合理医嘱206条,分析不合理用药情况及药师采取的干预措施。结果与结论:经医师更正或终止的医嘱有203条,干预有效率达98.54%。PIVAS药师审核医嘱并对发现的不合理医嘱采取有效的干预,可提高临床合理用药水平。     

某院静脉用药调配中心不合理用药医嘱分析

目的分析医院静脉用药调配中心（PIVAS）不合理用药医嘱,为临床安全、有效、合理用药提供参考。方法运用美康合理用药软件及药师审核对医院2012年1月至2012年12月住院患者静脉用药医嘱进行合理性审核,对不合理医嘱进行统计和分析。结果不合理用药医嘱共4803份,占总医嘱的0．52％,主要包括溶剂选择不舍理、溶剂用量不舍理、给药剂量不合理、药物配伍不合理、用药频次不合理等。结论通过对静脉用药医嘱进行审核和干预,并定期分析总结,可促进临床合理用药。     

某院静脉用药调配中心不合理输液医嘱分析

目的:调查分析静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)不合理输液医嘱,以规范临床合理用药,减少用药错误。方法:调取我院PIVAS 2019年1月至6月期间接收的全部静脉用药医嘱,对不合理输液医嘱进行统计分析。结果:共181份不合理输液医嘱,主要存在配伍不当、溶媒选择不当、溶媒用量不当、给药剂量不当等。结论:依托PIVAS药师医嘱审核,为临床提供更加可靠的用药信息,确保患者用药安全、合理。     

Mitochondrial Biology and Neurological Diseases

Mitochondria are extremely active organelles that perform a variety of roles in the cell including energy production, regulation of calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and population maintenance through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s (PD), Alzheimer’s (AD), and Huntington’s diseases (HD). Abnormalities of Complex I function in the electron transport chain have been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, inhibiting ATP production and generating reactive oxygen species that can cause major damage to mitochondriaMutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, although the pathogenesis of these conditions tends to focus on nuclear mutations. In PD, nuclear genome mutations in the PINK1 and parkin genes have been implicated in neurodegeneration [1], while mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 have been implicated in a variety of clinical symptoms of AD [5]. Mutant htt protein is known to cause HD [2]. Much progress has been made to determine some causes of these neurodegenerative diseases, though permanent treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.     

模式动物斑马鱼在神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

斑马鱼作为一种新型模式低等脊椎动物,具有发育周期短、体外受精、胚胎透明、突变种多等优势,被广泛应用于神经、心血管、消化等方面的研究中。神经退行性疾病包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等,近年来发病率不断上升,且有年轻化的趋势,严重影响人们的身体健康和生活质量。因其发病机制复杂,至今仍缺乏治疗此类疾病的方法。本文综述近年来用斑马鱼制作神经退行性疾病模型的主要方式及可行性,为研究神经退行性疾病中斑马鱼模型的选择提供参考。     

头孢他定与FALL-39用于脓毒血症的疗效

目的观察FALL-39和头孢他定（CFZ）治疗脓毒血症的疗效。方法从pGEX-1λT-FALL-39转染的E.coli JM109中提纯FALL-39，检测FALL-39对绿脓杆菌（PAG）的杀菌活性。采用更生霉素（AMD）增强BALB／c小鼠对PAG感染的敏感性，建立脓毒血症模型，观察FALL-39和CFZ治疗脓毒血症的疗效。结果FALL-39分子量约5kDa，纯化量约600-650μg，对PAG的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、最低有效浓度（MEC）、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为25、100、50μg／ml。盐水组、脓毒血症组、CFZ治疗组、FALL-39治疗组和CFZ＋FALL-39治疗组小鼠死亡率分别为0％、75％、62．5％、37．5％和12．5％。结论FALL-39治疗脓毒血症比CFZ更为有效，两者联用效果则更佳。     

Clinical pharmacology = disease progression + drug action

Clinical pharmacology is concerned with understanding how to use medicines to treat disease. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have provided powerful methodologies for describing the time course of concentration and effect in individuals and in populations. This population approach may also be applied to describing the progression of disease and the action of drugs to change disease progress. Quantitative models for symptomatic and disease-modifying effects of drugs are valuable not only for describing drugs and diseases but also for identifying criteria to distinguish between types of drug actions, with implications for regulatory decisions and long-term patient care.     

The influence of cannabinoids on generic traits of neurodegeneration

In an increasingly ageing population, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer''s disease, Parkinson''s disease and Huntington''s disease are rising. While the aetiologies of these disorders are different, a number of common mechanisms that underlie their neurodegenerative components have been elucidated; namely neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced trophic support. Current therapies focus on treatment of the symptoms and attempt to delay the progression of these diseases but there is currently no cure. Modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system is emerging as a potentially viable option in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Endocannabinoid signalling has been found to be altered in many neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as application of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have been investigated. Signalling from the CB₁ and CB₂ receptors are known to be involved in the regulation of Ca²⁺ homeostasis, mitochondrial function, trophic support and inflammatory status, respectively, while other receptors gated by cannabinoids such as PPARγ, are gaining interest in their anti-inflammatory properties. Through multiple lines of evidence, this evolutionarily conserved neurosignalling system has shown neuroprotective capabilities and is therefore a potential target for neurodegenerative disorders. This review details the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and highlights the beneficial effects of cannabinoid treatment.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids 2013. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-6     

Pharmacy course on women's and men's health

Objective. To design and implement an integrated course dedicated to women''s and men''s health.Design. A women''s and men''s health module that integrated the basic and clinical sciences was developed and implemented as part of the core undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. Instruction included classroom lectures, large- and small-group case discussion, self-directed learning assignments, and case-based simulations with standardized patients, all of which focused on conditions impacting women''s and men''s health.Assessment. Assessment of student learning included multiple-choice and written examinations using case vignettes when possible, evaluation of documentation of patient care process with standardized patient interactions, and group case assignments. Students appreciated the scope of topics, the active-learning opportunities, and use of simulated patients, as well as teaching by experts in the area.Conclusion. A mandatory course in women''s and men''s health was well received by students and ensured that these important issues were addressed in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum.     

腹腔镜下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的疗效

目的 分析腹腔镜辅助下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。方法 收集2012年7月至2016年6月安徽医科大学附属省立医院收治的14例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料,回顾分析腹腔镜下巨结肠根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。结果 14例先天性巨结肠患儿中,13例全腹腔镜下完成手术,1例中转开腹病例,术后平均住院（8.13±1.32）d,无腹腔镜操作相关的近期并发症,远期随访无污粪和便秘复发。结论 腹腔镜辅助下巨结肠根治术治疗先天性巨结肠安全有效,具有微创效果,值得推广。     

Signs of Preclinical Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Thiamine Levels as Predictors of Neuropsychological Deficits in Alcoholism without Korsakoff's Syndrome

The purpose of this study was to determine whether meeting historical criteria for unsuspected Wernicke''s encephalopathy (WE), largely under-diagnosed in vivo, explains why some alcoholics have severe neuropsychological deficits, whereas others, with a similar drinking history, exhibit preserved performance. Demographic, clinical, alcohol related, and neuropsychological measures were collected in 56 abstinent alcoholics and 38 non-alcohol-dependent volunteers. Alcoholics were classified using the clinical criteria established by Caine et al (1997) and validated in their neuropathological study of alcoholic cases. Our alcoholics who met a single criterion were considered ‘at risk for WE'' and those with two or more criteria with ‘signs of WE''. Whole blood thiamine was also measured in 22 of the comparison group and 28 alcoholics. Of the alcoholics examined, 27% met no criteria, 57% were at risk for WE, and 16% had signs of WE. Neuropsychological performance of the alcoholic subgroups was graded, with those meeting zero criteria not differing from controls, those meeting one criterion presenting mild-to-moderate deficits on some of the functional domains, and those meeting two or more criteria having the most severe deficits on each of the domains examined. Thiamine levels were selectively related to memory performance in the alcoholics. Preclinical signs of WE can be diagnosed in vivo, enabling the identification of ostensibly ‘uncomplicated'' alcoholics who are at risk for neuropsychological complications. The graded effects in neuropsychological performance suggest that the presence of signs of WE explains, at least partially, the heterogeneity of alcoholism-related cognitive and motor deficits.     

RP-HPLC测定4，5，2’-三吗啉酰氧基-2，5'-二氯二苯甲酮原料药的含量及有关物质

目的 建立测定原料药4,5,2''-三吗啉酰氧基-2,5''-二氯二苯甲酮（LF1）的含量及有关物质的RP-HPLC方法。方法 采用Diamonsil C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-磷酸水（60：40,pH3.0）为流动相,检测波长230 nm,体积流量1 mL/min,柱温25℃。结果 主峰与杂质峰分离良好,LF1和杂质A分别在质量浓度1.0~100（r=0.999 8）和0.2~2.4 mg/L （r=0.999 6）线性关系良好,最低检测限分别为1和2 ng/mL,平均回收率分别为100.7%和102.0%。结论 本法简便、快速、准确,可用于LF1原料药的含量及有关物质的测定。