有向拓扑下网络化运动控制系统的容侵同步控制

摘 要: 针对有向通信拓扑下网络化多轴运动控制系统收到网络攻击威胁及未建模不确定性影响,其轨迹同步控制精度迅速下降,提出了一种基于分布式中间观测器的容侵同步控制方法。首先将非线性未建模不确定性分解成控制通道匹配分量和不匹配分量,进而将攻击、领航者的参考输入和非线性匹配部分合并成一个组合未知输入信号,通过设计分布式中间观测器对跟踪误差系统的状态、组合未知输入信号进行估计并设计容侵同步控制协议。利用李雅普诺夫函数证明跟踪误差系统稳定性。网络化多轴运动控制系统的实验结果表明所提方法能够保证系统具有良好的容侵同步控制性能,并且能够通过调节特定参数确保跟踪误差系统对于不匹配非线性不确定性的鲁棒性。     

基于相对输出信息的多智能体系统分布式故障检测

针对一类邻居控制信息未知,且节点只能获得相对输出信息的多智能体系统,研究基于未知输入观测器的分布式故障检测问题,以实现节点对自身及邻居故障的实时检测.首先,通过对节点动力学模型进行分解与变换,构造出基于相对输出信息的故障检测参考模型,并给出未知输入观测器的存在性证明;接着,设计不依赖邻居节点控制信息的未知输入观测器,突破控制信息缺失导致观测器失效的理论难题;最后,借助未知输入观测器设计故障检测算法,并完成算法的分布式实现.仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性与先进性.     

离散切换系统观测器存在性讨论及降维观测器设计

对具有未知输入的离散切换系统讨论了未知输入观测器（Unknown input observer,UIO）设计方法.首先,对一般离散系统的未知输入观测器匹配条件的Lyapunov-type表示,进行了等价性论证;然后,基于不具有未知输入的离散切换系统的稳定性理论,对具有未知输入的离散切换系统提出了一种切换降维观测器设计方法.通过矩阵分块确定出的观测器增益矩阵,使得降维观测器能直接消去未知输入的影响;然后,在此基础上提出了一种未知输入代数重构方法;最后,通过仿真验证了方法的有效性和正确性.     

模型不确定性线性系统的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计

基于给定的性能指标函数, 将受模型不确定性和范数有界未知输入影响的线性不确定系统的基于观测器的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计问题归结为H_∞ 优化问题, 并通过选取适当的后置滤波器和观测器增益矩阵, 使产生的残差达到对于未知输入和模型不确定性的鲁棒性与对于故障的灵敏度的最佳均衡. 简例验证了本文提出算法的有效性.     

基于辅助输出的线性系统状态和未知输入同时估计方法

在未知输入观测器匹配条件不满足的情况下, 针对一类线性时不变系统, 研究了同时估计系统 状态和未知输入的问题. 首先, 基于可测输出对未知输入的相关度的概念, 给出了辅助输出 的构造方法, 使得匹配条件得以满足. 为了处理辅助输出中的未知信息, 提出了一种高增益 观测器设计方法, 它不仅能估计辅助输出, 而且还能估计辅助输出的导数. 然后, 基于辅助 输出的估计值, 提出了一种降维观测器设计方法, 可以在不受未知输入影响的情况下估计系统 的状态; 接下来, 基于状态和辅助输出及其导数的估计值, 给出了未知输入估计. 最后, 对一个五 阶系统进行了数字仿真, 仿真结果表明所提出的方法是有效的.     

基于有限时间观测器的离散系统混沌同步

本文基于驱动–响应模型针对一类离散时间混沌系统提出了一种基于有限时间观测器的同步方法. 首先, 将混沌系统写成具有未知输入的线性系统形式. 随后, 给出了观测器匹配条件和强可观条件. 在观测器匹配条件的 假设下, 通过适当的状态变换, 给出了具有降维形式的有限时间观测器设计框架使得该观测器不再受到未知输入的 影响. 然后, 证明了强可观条件结合观测器匹配条件可以保证一个有限时间观测器的存在, 该观测器可以使得响应 系统达到对驱动系统的精确同步, 且达到同步所需要的时间可以任意设定, 不受观测器系统矩阵极点配置和初值条 件的影响. 最后, 给出了两个混沌系统的例子验证了所提方法的有效性.     

具有输入饱和的近空间飞行器鲁棒控制

针对近空间飞行器这一类存在外部扰动,输入饱和和参数不确定的多输入多输出线性系统,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的抗饱和鲁棒控制方案.将干扰观测器与抗饱和控制技术相结合,从而消除系统存在的未知外部扰动、输入饱和和不确定性对系统控制的影响.首先,设计干扰观测器对线性外部系统产生的未知扰动进行估计.然后根据干扰观测器输出,通过超前抗饱和方法设计抗饱和补偿器,并将其加入到鲁棒控制器的设计中,保证闭环系统存在输入饱和、未知外部扰动和参数不确定情况下的稳定性.为便于设计,干扰观测器、抗饱和补偿器和控制器设计矩阵均通过求解线性矩阵不等式得到.最后,将提出的鲁棒抗饱和控制方法应用于近空间飞行器,仿真结果验证了该控制方案的有效性.     

状态估计与未知输入和可测噪声同时重构方法

针对一类不确定线性系统,讨论了状态估计及未知输入和可测噪声重构方法。首先,对仅具有未知输入的线性系统,讨论了观测器匹配条件不满足前提下的状态估计和未知输入重构问题;通过设计降维观测器和高阶滑模观测器,提出一种未知输入代数重构方法;然后,将以上结论上升到具有未知输入和可测噪声的线性系统,以此提出了状态估计及未知输入和可测噪声同时重构的方法;最后,通过对飞行器模型进行仿真,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

匹配条件不满足时线性系统未知输入观测器设计

针对一类不满足观测器匹配条件的线性系统,讨论了未知输入观测器设计方法.首先,为了突破观测器匹配条件的限制,提出了一种与未知输入相对阶无关的辅助输出构造方法.然后,把未知输入看作系统状态的一部分,将原系统转化为一个不含未知输入的增维线性描述系统.针对这样的系统转化,对一系列等价前提条件进行了详细的讨论.之后,针对该增维线性描述系统,构造Luenberger观测器来估计原系统的状态和未知输入.同时,借助于高阶滑模微分器,来估计辅助输出中的未知信号.最后,对一个单连杆柔性机械手模型进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性.     

基于观测器的故障诊断技术的鲁棒性

基于观测器的动态系统故障诊断技术的可行性和应用性,关键是对系统不确定性因素具有良好的鲁棒性.根据基于观测器的故障诊断系统鲁棒性的特点,强调通过增加观测器自身的鲁棒性,提高线性不确定系统的故障诊断鲁棒性,并对利用未知输入观测器方法增强鲁棒性进行讨论.提出估计复合故障的一种新的复合故障估计器的设计方法,给出其存在条件以及理论证明,并提出相应的算法.     

Recursive filtering adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control for uncertain switched multivariable nonlinear systems

This article synthesizes a recursive filtering adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control method for uncertain switched multivariable nonlinear systems. The multivariable nonlinear systems under consideration have both matched and mismatched uncertainties, which satisfy the semiglobal Lipschitz condition. A piecewise constant adaptive law generates adaptive parameters by solving the error dynamics with the neglection of unknowns, and the recursive least squares is employed to minimize the residual error by categorizing the total uncertainty estimates into matched and mismatched components. A filtering control law is designed to compensate the actuator faults and nonlinear uncertainties such that a good tracking performance is delivered with guaranteed robustness. The matched component is canceled directly by adopting their opposite in the control signal, whereas a dynamic inversion of the system is performed to eliminate the effect of the mismatched component on the output. By exploiting the average dwell time principle, the error bounds are derived for the states and control inputs compared with the virtual reference system which defines the best performance that can be achieved by the closed‐loop system. Both numerical and practical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed switching recursive filtering adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control architecture, comparisons with model reference adaptive control are also carried out.     

Adaptive synchronization control of networked robot systems without velocity measurements

This paper addresses the adaptive synchronization control problem of networked robot systems characterized by the Lagrangian function, where exact dynamic models are unknown and velocity measurements are unavailable. A class of distributed observers, comprised of multiple dynamic variables and static variables, are established based on no a priori restriction on the boundness of the observer states. The observer is compatible for different control schemes with or without structure uncertainties. Using the estimated states given by the observer, adaptive distributed control input is developed, and then, closed‐loop dynamic models for filtered vectors are established. It is proven that our proposed control scheme permits global exact state estimation and global asymptotic synchronization while compensating for structure uncertainties. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results.     

Robust fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control for non‐Gaussian uncertain stochastic distribution control systems

The purpose of fault diagnosis of stochastic distribution control systems is to use the measured input and the system output probability density function to obtain the fault estimation information. A fault diagnosis and sliding mode fault‐tolerant control algorithms are proposed for non‐Gaussian uncertain stochastic distribution control systems with probability density function approximation error. The unknown input caused by model uncertainty can be considered as an exogenous disturbance, and the augmented observation error dynamic system is constructed using the thought of unknown input observer. Stability analysis is performed for the observation error dynamic system, and the H_∞ performance is guaranteed. Based on the information of fault estimation and the desired output probability density function, the sliding mode fault‐tolerant controller is designed to make the post‐fault output probability density function still track the desired distribution. This method avoids the difficulties of design of fault diagnosis observer caused by the uncertain input, and fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control are integrated. Two different illustrated examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带有完全分布式观测器的多智能体系统自适应容错一致性

针对一类同时带有执行器故障, 未知非线性动态和非匹配干扰的多智能体系统, 本文提出一种新的自适应 容错控制方案. 首先, 设计一种适用于有向切换拓扑的完全分布式观测器估计领导者的信息, 将一致性问题转化为 局部的信号跟踪问题. 其次, 拆解转化后的误差系统为两个耦合的子系统, 实现非匹配干扰与匹配因子分离. 然后, 利用径向基神经网络近似非线性动态, 并结合反步法设计3种自适应故障补偿器, 使系统能够在线补偿故障和未知 动态的影响. 最后, 数值仿真验证了所提方案的有效性.     

不确定非线性系统的自适应反推高阶终端滑模控制

针对一类非匹配不确定非线性系统,提出一种神经网络自适应反推高阶终端滑模控制方案.反推设计的前1步利用神经网络逼近未知非线性函数,结合动态面控制设计虚拟控制律,避免传统反推设计存在的计算复杂性问题,并抑制非匹配不确定性的影响;第步结合非奇异终端滑模设计高阶滑模控制律,去除控制抖振,使系统对于匹配和非匹配不确定性均具有鲁棒性.理论分析证明了闭环系统状态半全局一致终结有界,仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性.     

Observer-based prescribed-time consensus control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems under directed graphs

This work studies the prescribed-time robust consensus tracking problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems over directed graphs. Aiming at multi-agent systems with a static leader and only matched disturbances, a distributed observer-based consensus algorithm is developed, to ensure that the tracking errors converge to zero accurately in prescribed time. For the case of multi-agent systems with a dynamic leader and mismatched/matched disturbances, an adaptive strategy based on a distributed observer and a disturbance observer is designed by the dynamic damping reciprocal technology. Such strategy can avoid the numerical singularity, adapt to the situation that the upper bounds of the disturbances are unknown, and assure that the tracking errors converge to an adjustable neighborhood of zero within prescribed time. Finally, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.     

Robust adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control of multiple time‐delays systems with mismatched parameter uncertainties and actuator failures

This study deals with the problem of robust adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking for uncertain systems with multiple delayed state perturbations, mismatched parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults including loss of effectiveness, outage, and stuck. It is assumed that the upper bounds of the delayed state perturbations, the external disturbances and the unparameterizable time‐varying stuck faults are unknown. Then, by estimating online such unknown bounds and on the basis of the updated values of these unknown bounds from the adaptive mechanism, a class of memoryless state feedback fault‐tolerant controller with switching signal function is constructed for robust tracking of dynamical signals. Furthermore, by making use of the proposed adaptive robust tracking controller, the tracking error can be guaranteed to be asymptotically zero in spite of multiple delayed state perturbations, mismatched parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults. In addition, it is also proved that the solutions with tracking error of resulting adaptive closed‐loop system are uniformly bounded. Finally, a simulation example for B747‐100/200 aircraft system is provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed fault‐tolerant design approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aero‐Engine DCS Fault‐Tolerant Control with Markov Time Delay Based On Augmented Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer

With a focus on aero‐engine distributed control systems (DCSs) with Markov time delay, unknown input disturbance, and sensor and actuator simultaneous faults, a combined fault tolerant algorithm based on the adaptive sliding mode observer is studied. First, an uncertain augmented model of distributed control system is established under the condition of simultaneous sensor and actuator faults, which also considers the influence of the output disturbances. Second, an augmented adaptive sliding mode observer is designed and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) form stability condition of the combined closed‐loop system is deduced. Third, a robust sliding mode fault tolerant controller is designed based on fault estimation of the sliding mode observer, where the theory of predictive control is adopted to suppress the influence of random time delay on system stability. Simulation results indicate that the proposed sliding mode fault tolerant controller can be very effective despite the existence of faults and output disturbances, and is suitable for the simultaneous sensor and actuator faults condition.     

一类不确定系统的滑模观测器设计

针对一类系统矩阵不确定的线性系统,提出了一个新的鲁棒滑模观测器设计方法．通过将系统矩阵的不确定分为匹配的和非匹配的两部分,利用滑模控制对匹配不确定的绝对鲁棒性．使得观测器具有更小的保守性．基于规范型和结构Lyapunov矩阵,将观测器的综合问题转化为一个简单易求解的LMI问题,并进一步给出了优化求解过程,避免过大的控制输入．最后,仿真实例验证了所提方法的有效性．     

Extended sliding mode observer-based high-accuracy motion control for uncertain electro-hydraulic systems

In this paper, a novel robust backstepping control strategy is introduced to achieve high-accuracy tracking performance for electro-hydraulic servo systems (EHSSs) without velocity information in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. Firstly, system dynamics of the studied EHSS considering parameter deviations, modeling errors, and unknown external loads which are grouped into lumped mismatched and matched disturbances in the mechanical system and pressure dynamics, respectively, are developed. On the basis of the sliding mode theory, two extended sliding mode observers (ESMOs) are originally established to simultaneously estimate the immeasurable angular velocity of the actuator, and lumped mismatched and matched uncertainties. As a consequence, an observer-based controller is designed using the conventional backstepping technique to ensure a highly accurate tracking position control. In addition, the stability of the observer and overall closed-loop control system is conclusively proven through the Lyapunov theory. Finally, several numerical simulations for an EHSS with a hydraulic rotary actuator are conducted to demonstrate the advantage of the recommended method compared to the existing well-known extended state observer-based control approaches.