生物／化学微传感器技术和应用（一）

本文综述了生物／化学微传感器的技术和应用,详细描述了起源于半导体技术的标准工艺流程和制造三维机械结构的特殊微细机加工工艺．给出了基本化学传感器原理和对应的化学／生物传感器应用实例,最后提出了单片集成化学／生物微传感器系统,包括单一芯片上传感器结构和运转电路。     

电化学生物传感器的进展

本文简要介绍生物传感器的基本原理结构、分类、特点及应用评述了电化学传感器在生物传感器发展中的作用和地位，特别是微型电化学传感器的出现大大促进了生物传感器的出现大大促进了生物传感器的发展，微切削加工技术和微电子平面工艺的引入使生物传感器的微型化多功能集成化智能化和机电一体人成为可能，它导致了由单一传感器向完整的分析系统的发展。     

压电传感器在环境监测中的应用

简要介绍了压电石英晶体微天平（ＱＣＭ）及表现声波（ＳＡＷ）压电传感器的基本原理，从ＱＣＭ化学传感器毒气检测、ＱＣＭ化学传感器液相检测、ＳＡＷ化学传感器分析、压电生物传感器物质分析、压电生物传感器液相分析、压电传感器陈列、非质量效应压电传感器等方面介绍了近年来压电传感器在环境监测领域的研究进展，并展望了压电传感顺在环境监测中的应用前景。     

基于MEMS的生物微传感技术

微电子机械系统(MEMS)技术为生物微传感器和生物芯片的研制以及实现小型化、便携式、低成本,高灵敏度的生化片上系统提供了有力的技术支持。综述了基于MEMS的生物微传感技术,介绍了生物微传感器和生物芯片的原理、结构、分类及应用,并探讨了其发展和应用前景。     

光纤DNA生物传感器的研究动向

DNA生物传感器是分子生物学与微电子学、电化学、光学等相结合的产物，光纤DNA生物传感器是近年DNA生物传感器中发展最快的一类。介绍了光纤DNA生物传感器的结构原理及研究动向。     

基于微电子的微型化学与生物传感器

近二十年来,电极尺寸相当于或小于微米极的微电极技术已有了长足的发展,并显示了有别于常规电极的优越性能。以迅速发展着的微电子技术制作的微电极也为微型化学传感器和生物传感器的批量制作及商品化展现了引人注目的前景。以厚膜和薄膜技术制作的微电极已在微型传感器领域中得到了相当成功的应用,某些微型气体传感器和生物传感器已实现商品化。近年来,基于硅片各相异性三维刻蚀的微机械加工技术也已用于微型传感器的制作。     

微型Clark氧传感器的进展

氧传感顺是最重要的化学传感器这一。它与生物酶固定技术相结合可制成多种生物传感器。由于集成电路工艺和微机械加工技术的发展，Ｃｌａｒｋ氧传感器的微型化已取得了突破性的进展。本文对这一进展作了综述。     

基于微透镜阵列的多通道光寻址电位传感器研

为了提高化学和生物图像传感器的成像速度和简化成像系统,提出了一种基于微透镜阵列的多通道光寻址电位传感器.利用微透镜阵列把单束激光转化成点阵,通过多频率斩波器,得到不同频率的光点阵列用作光寻址电位传感器的光源,从而实现多点同时检测.实验结果表明该系统具有良好的频域分辨率,通过数字补偿技术可获得各个检测点的电流电压特性曲线,证明可实现多点同时检测.该系统可以用于光寻址电位传感器和扫描光感阻抗传感器的快速成像,以及多通道化学生物图像检测.     

传感器的现状和未来

当今传感器的明显发展趋势是从传统的传感器设计和应用转向以微机械加工技术为基础的微传感器和智能化传感器的设计和应用,使智能结构的实现成为可能。本文就传感器技术的现状和未来的发展予以综述,发展微传感器对我国仪器仪表工业的重要性略加讨论。     

新型生物传感器在生物医学工程中的应用

简要介绍了生物传感器的结构、特点、并对两类新型生物传感器－压电生物传感器和光生物传感器的结构、原理及其在生物医学工程中的应用作了扼要分析，探讨了生物传感器的研究进展，发展动向及应用前景。     

生物传感器的发展与市场化

基于生物传感器的基本结构和性能,从选择性、稳定性、灵敏度和传感器系统的集成化四个方面介绍了生物传感器发展的特点和趋势。由于生物传感器在医疗、食品工业和环境监测等方面有着巨大的应用潜力,还介绍了世界生物传感器市场的近况和发展趋势。     

碳纳米管修饰酶生物传感器的应用进展

很多酶生物传感器是利用氧化酶将底物氧化,同时产生过氧化氢,通过在电极表面检测过氧化氢的量来达到检测的目的。碳纳米管用于修饰电极,可降低化学物质氧化还原反应的过电位,改善生物分子氧化还原可逆性,达到提高检测的灵敏度和稳定性的目的。本文介绍了酶生物传感器及碳纳米管修饰酶生物传感器,并综述了近几年来碳纳米管修饰酶生物传感器的应用进展。     

Electrochemical properties of SWNT/ferritin composite for bioapplications

A functionalized single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT), fabricated using an acid treatment, was used to prepare SWNT/ferritin composites. Different physical and chemical composites were synthesized on a glassy carbon electrode, and their structures and electrochemical properties were analyzed. The specific redox reaction due to ferritin appeared in both composites, but depended on the structure of the composite, which influenced the electrochemical properties. The redox reaction of ferritin was analyzed using fulfilled core, holoferritin, and coreless, apoferritin. From the electrochemical results, we confirmed that electron transfer through the ferritin shell is possible, and that the core of the ferritin facilitates electron transfer in the composites. The chemical composites showed a significant catalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide, and the electrochemical results show that this type of composite has potential as biosensors and in bioapplications.     

基于纳米材料的化学与生物传感器研究进展

纳米材料由于其量子尺寸效应和表面效应,可以有效地提高化学或生物传感器的性能.同时,通过对纳米材料的进一步功能化设计与改造,可以研究开发超高灵敏度、超高选择性的新型传感器件.该文主要就金利通课题组近年来基于纳米材料修饰的化学与生物传感器方面的研究工作进行介绍并对该领域的发展作一展望.     

发光分析中的光导纤维感传器

基于发光分析原理的光纤维传感器有很多优点,其中最重要的有以下一些:(1)由于它不需要参比信号和光源,因而结构非常简单;(2)它可以加工成小巧的仪器,特别适用于临床化学和医学中微量样品及活体检测;(3)因为它的原始信号是光,因此不受电的干扰及探头自身接界电位的干扰;(4)可以将几种不同的传感器组装在一起同时测定几个不同的参数。 本文主要介绍了基于发光原理分析的光纤化学传感器、光纤生物传感器和光纤免疫传感器的结构、工作原理及其应用。     

Influence of surface stress on frequency of microcantilever-based biosensors

Microcantilever-based biosensors have been found increasing applications in physical, chemical, and biological fields in recent years. When biosensors are used in those fields, surface stress and mass variations due to bio-molecular binding can cause the microcantilever deform or the shift of frequency. These simple biosensors allow biologists to study surface biochemistry on a micro or nano scale and offer new opportunities in developing microscopic biomedical analysis with unique characteristics. To compare and illustrate the influence of the surface stress on the frequency and avoid unnecessary and complicated numerical solution of the resonance frequency, some dimensionless numbers are derived in this paper by making governing equations dimensionless. Meanwhile, in order to analyze the influence of the general surface stress on the frequency, a new model is put forward, and the frequency of the microcantilever is calculated by using the subspace iteration method and the Rayleigh method. The sensitivity of microcantilever is also discussed.The supports from the Key Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KJCX2-SW-L2), projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10225209, No. 19928205, No. 50131160739 and No. 10072068), and the National 973 project (No. G1999033103) are gratefully acknowledged.     

Fabrication of air-channel structures for microfluidic,microelectromechanical, and microelectronic applications

A method is presented for fabricating micro-air-channel structures encapsulated by a dielectric material using a sacrificial polymer based on polynorbornene (PNB) chemistry. A spin-coated film of PNB was patterned to define the exact geometry of the air-channels using conventional lithographic and etching techniques. The sacrificial polymer was encapsulated with a permanent dielectric material. The composite was then raised to elevated temperatures to produce gaseous products which permeate through the encapsulating material (SiO₂ , SiN_x or other polymer) leaving behind minimal solid residue. Air-channels integrated with metal interconnections can be formed via a Damascene, or in-lay process. After patterning the sacrificial polymer, copper was electroplated, followed by encapsulation with the dielectric. Various issues pertaining to the processing steps have been investigated and are discussed, such as type of encapsulants, feasible air-channel sizes, and processing conditions. Such air-channel structures are believed to have potential applications in microelectronics, displays, printers, multilevel wiring boards, microscale chemical reactors on a chip, and microelectromechanical devices     

有机磷水解酶传感器及其应用研究进展

介绍了有机磷水解酶传感器的基本原理、组成和分类,分析了各个类型传感器的特点,重点介绍了近年来国外有机磷水解酶的固定化技术和有机磷水解酶传感器的进展情况,并分析了未来有机磷水解酶传感器的发展趋势.     

A structural neural system for mechanical, biological, and environmental systems

A structural neural system (SNS) and continuous sensors that mimic the neurons of the human biological system are described for monitoring the health of large structures. An example of use of the SNS to monitor damage on a nine meter long wind turbine blade is also described. The blade is a complex anisotropic structure that was tested at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA under quasi static loading to determine the strength and ability of the blade to withstand wind loading. The SNS along with piezoelectric sensors was installed to monitor the composite blade material during this testing. Multiple cracks originated during this test and were detected by the SNS well before the final failure of the blade. This testing provides confidence that SNS has the capability to monitor crack growth in complex anisotropic structures using piezoelectric sensors. The SNS is currently being extended to sense signals from other types of sensors including continuous sensors based on accelerometers, pressure sensors, piezoresistive, chemical, and biosensors. This would extend application of the SNS into biological and environmental systems where different types of sensors are used to measure chemicals and biological materials. It is predicted that the SNS can provide high accuracy, low cost, and simplicity for monitoring the health of many types of systems.