用于单片集成真空传感器的SAR型ADC设计

设计了一款适用于单芯片集成真空传感器的10位SAR型A/D转换器.轨至轨比较器通过并联两个互补的子比较器实现.信号采样时,比较器进行失调消除,提高电路的转换精度.电路采用0.5μm2P3M标准CMOS工艺制作.系统时钟频率为20MHz,输入电压范围为0～3V.在1.25MS/s采样率和4.6kHz信号输入频率下,电路的信噪比为56.4dB,无杂散动态范围为69.2dB.芯片面积为2mm2.3V电源电压供电时,功耗为3.1mW.其性能已达到高线性度和低功耗的设计要求.     

用于流水线ADC的无采样保持运放前端电路

为了降低流水线模数转换器功耗与提升输入信号范围，设计了一种无采样保持运放前端电路. 移除采样保持运放降低了功耗，并改进开关时序进一步降低电路功耗；同时改进传统开关电容比较器输入，使得模数转换器可达到0 ~ 3.3 V满电源电压的量化范围. 将设计的无采样保持运放前端电路应用在一款低功耗12位50 MS/s流水线模数转换器进行验证，采用0.18 μm 1P6M工艺进行流片，芯片面积为1.95 mm2. 测试结果表明：3.3 V电压下，采样率为50 MS/s、输入信号频率为5.03 MHz时，信噪失真比（SNDR）为64.67 dB，无杂散动态范围（SFDR）为72.9 dB，功耗为65 mW.     

一种具有2-bit/cycle结构的400-MS/s 8-bit逐次逼近型模数转换器设计

设计了一种高速的逐次逼近型模数转换器(Successive Approximated Register Analog-Digital Converter,SAR ADC),与传统SAR ADC相比,该ADC除了采样电容阵列,额外使用了一个辅助数模转换器(Auxiliary Digital-Analog Converter,AUX-DAC)来实现2-bit/cycle.系统设计的SAR ADC使用了一个共享的内插预放大器,可以将输入信号和比较器隔离开,减小了比较器的回踢噪声.为了进一步提高转换速度,采用比较器交替工作模式,其输出结果直接送给电容阵列进行处理,与传统SAR ADC相比大大减小了逻辑延时.由于架构中使用了多路比较器,因此采用前台校准技术用来校正比较器的失调电压.后仿结果表明该ADC在400M采样速率和1.2V的电源电压下,可以实现48dB的SNDR,功耗为5.6mW,优值FoM为67fJ/conversion-step.     

一种低功耗、高性能BICMOS DC-DC限流电路的设计

采用0.6μm BICMOS工艺,设计了一种高性能、低功耗的限流电路,并成功地将其应用于一款高效率、宽输入电压范围的DC-DC升压型开关电源管理芯片中.该电路作为整个芯片的核心模块,主要由限流比较器、软启动和斜坡补偿电路组成,其中限流比较器引入了动态偏置的思想,提高了电路性能,降低了功耗.分析了各个电路的设计原理和过程,并给出了芯片的仿真和测试结果.结果表明该比较器在电源电压为3.3 V时,增益达117 dB,总静态电流仅15μA.     

用于植入式医用芯片的低电压低功耗SAR ADC

为适应植入式医用芯片的使用要求,给出一低电压低功耗逐次逼近型模数转换器(SARADC)的设计。从降低功耗出发,提出了一种新的能量高效开关策略。与传统开关策略相比,电容阵列的平均开关能量减少了68%,电容阵列的面积仅为传统开关策略的50%;采用带校正的动态比较器,在提高精度的同时可以降低功耗;采用异步时钟,省略了高频时钟产生器,进一步降低了功耗。提出的5 Ms-111位SAR ADC采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS混合信号工艺流片。供电电压低至1 V,功耗仅为0.236 mW,SNDR,SFDR分别达到55.1,68.38 dB。核心面积为650μm×1 000μm,符合植入式系统的要求。     

高速高精度比较器的设计

根据预放大锁存快速比较理论,设计了一种应用于12 bit、1 MS/s逐次转换型模数转换器的比较器。采用上华0.5μm CMOS工艺,基于Hspice仿真工具,提出了测量预放大器和锁存器的失调电压的新方法。对已有失调校准技术进行改进,进一步降低了预放大器和锁存器的失调电压,显著提高了比较器的精度。采用Cadence Spectre进行仿真,结果表明,在5 V单电源电压、20 MHz时钟频率时,分辨率可以达到0.8 mV,满足12 bit SAR ADC的精度要求。     

一种基于分段电容的低功耗SARADC设计

针对当前物联网技术对功耗的严格要求,设计了一种基于分段电容的低功耗SAR ADC电路.电路通过使用分离电容阵列来降低整个CDAC所需要的单位电容数和ADC的功耗.同时采用了分离电容校正技术来降低整体CDAC的非线性和失调校正技术来降低比较器电路的失调.在0.18,mm CMOS工艺下完成了一款10-bit 10-Msample/s的电路原型设计及相应的版图设计和验证工作,带有PAD的芯片整体面积为1,2mm.芯片后仿真结果表明:该转换器在校正情况下,4.89,MHz输入信号频率下信号噪声谐波比(SFDR)为61.43,dB,比不校正提高了54%,;有效位数达到9.90,bit,比不校正提高了3.7,bit;在1.8,V电源电压下功耗仅为255.61,mW.     

针对植入式应用的8位100kS/s的逐次逼近型模数转换器设计

针对植入式医疗电子的应用需求设计了一个8位100 kS/s的低功耗逐次逼近型模数转换器(SAR ADC),并且基于0.13μm 1P8M工艺进行了流片(tape-out)验证.为了达到降低功耗的设计目标,对SAR ADC的子模块进行了仔细的分析设计:采用满足精度和速度要求的无源互补开关;采用失调(offset)优化的无静态电流的动态比较器;采用无静态功耗的电容阵列子数模转化器.测试结果表明,当输入测试信号为9.37 kHz时,该SAR ADC的信号噪声失真比(SNDR)为49.2 dB,动态无杂散范围(SFDR)为63 dB,有效位(ENOB)为7.8位.其微分非线性(DNL)和积分非线性(INL)分别为-0.15/+0.15 LSB和-0.35/+0.23 LSB,功耗为3.2μW,优值(FoM)为143 fJ/conversion-step.     

一种适用于音频调制的混合架构低功耗Σ-Δ调制器

随着电子信息技术的发展,移动便携电子设备不断进入人们生活的各个方面.应用在模数混合信号系统的性能也在不断提高.模数转换器作为模数混合信号系统中核心的组成部分,ADC的性能水平直接决定了使用它的系统的性能水平.由于集成电路元件间匹配精度的限制,在同一工艺条件下,SARADC很难实现高精度,而Σ-ΔADC采用了过采样和噪声整形技术,大大降低了对元器件匹配的要求,易实现高精度,但量化器单元电路功耗较高,针对这些特点,提出了一种将SARADC和Σ-ΔADC相结合的架构——2阶5位Σ-Δ混合架调制器.其在传统Σ-ΔADC的结构上去除Flash型量化器,用低功耗的SAR型ADC作为量化器,保持了Σ-ΔADC的高精度特点,基于开关电容、积分器和采用动态比较器的逐次逼近型ADC来实现.ADC中的积分器采用运算跨导放大器(OTA)实现,前馈调制器中的多位量化器和模拟加法器由SAR模数转换器实现,模拟无源加法器嵌入到由电容器阵列和动态比较器组成的SAR ADC中,其中动态比较器无静态功耗.该芯片基于SMIC 180 nm CMOS工艺设计和验证,芯片版图的有效面积为0.56 mm2.通过对该调制器芯片的后仿真分析,验证了其方案可行性.仿真测试芯片电源电压1.8 V,以3.2 MS/s采样频率对输入的0～25 k Hz正弦波进行采样,峰值SNR=126 dB,芯片总功耗3.6 m W.     

一种采用时间交织结构的低功耗Pipelined SAR模数转换器设计

设计了一款低功耗12bit 100MS/s流水线逐次逼近型模数转换器(Pipelined SAR ADC),提出了一种第二级子模数转换器时间交织的结构,改善了模数转换器的采样率;优化Pipelined SAR ADC前后级子ADC的位数关系,同时结合半增益运算放大器技术,降低了运放的设计难度,减小了运放的功耗.本设计是在TSMC65nm LP工艺下设计实现的,在电源电压为1.2V,采样率为100MS/s,输入信号为49.1MHz时,此ADC可达到69.44dB的信噪比(SNDR)和74.04dB的无杂散动态范围(SFDR),功耗为8.6mW.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-