结合深度特征与多标记分类的图像语义标注

为了缩减不同模态数据间的语义鸿沟,提出一种结合深度卷积神经网络和集成分类器链的多标记图像语义标注方法.该方法主要由生成式特征学习和判别式语义学习2个阶段构成.首先利用深度卷积神经网络学习图像的高层视觉特征;然后基于获取的视觉特征与图像的语义标记集训练集成分类器链,并学习视觉特征包含的语义信息;最后利用训练得到的模型对未知图像进行自动语义标注.在Corel5K和PASCAL VOC 2012图像数据集上的实验结果表明,与一些当前国际先进水平的方法相比,文中方法的鲁棒性更强,标注结果更精确.     

基于多视图的半监督集成学习方法

针对集成学习方法中分类器差异性不足以及已标记样本少的问题,提出了一种新的半监督集成学习算法,将半监督方法引入到集成学习中,利用大量未标记样本的信息来细化每个基分类器,并且构造差异性更大的基分类器,首先通过多视图方法选取合适的未标记样本,并使用多视图方法将大量繁杂的特征属性分类,使用不同的特征降维方法对不同的视图进行降维,便与输入到学习模型中,同时采用相互独立的学习模型来增加集成的多样性。在UCI数据集上的实验结果表明,与使用单视图数据相比,使用多视图数据可以实现更准确的分类,并且与现有的诸如Boosting、三重训练算法比较,使用差异性更高的基学习器以及引入半监督方法能够有效提升集成学习的性能效果。     

基于集成学习的图像垃圾邮件过滤方法

目前的图像垃圾邮件过滤技术，大都采用国际上通用的垃圾图像数据集作为训练集，与中国国内图像垃圾邮件的图像特点不一致，图像数据缺乏实时更新，且分类器单一，过滤效果难以保证。针对该问题，在建立国内垃圾邮件图像数据库的基础上，首先提取图像的颜色、纹理和形状特征，再经K-NN分类算法优选出HSV颜色直方图特征对不同分类器进行训练、测试和性能比较，提出将基于粗糙集的K-NN算法、Naive Bayes算法和SVM算法构成的3种基分类器相结合，并基于串行迭代提升的方法形成集成学习的强分类器。该方法可以实现对国内图像垃圾邮件的有效过滤，使图像垃圾邮件过滤的准确率和召回率同时得到提升，分别为97.3%和96.1%，误判率降低到了2.7%。     

基于随机森林的正例与未标注学习

为使用正例与未标注数据训练分类器(positive and unlabeled learning,PU learning),提出基于随机森林的PU学习算法。对POSC4.5算法进行扩展,在其生成决策树的过程中加入随机特征选择;在训练阶段,使用有放回抽样技术对PU数据集抽样,生成多个不同的PU训练集,并以其训练扩展后的POSC4.5算法,构造多棵决策树;在分类阶段,采用多数投票策略集成各决策树输出。在UCI数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法的分类性能优于偏置支持向量机算法、POS4.5算法和基于装袋技术的POSC4.5算法。     

基于约束的典型相关分析集成学习算法

基分类器的差异性对于集成学习来说至关重要,从直观上讲,对约束重采样有潜力获得比对样本重采样更好的多样性。文中在典型相关分析算法基础上,通过引入成对约束作为监督信息对样本进行特征抽取从而形成新的训练数据。算法中集成学习的思想主要体现在成对约束的选取上,对约束进行随机重采样以获得具有多样性的基分类器。在多特征手写体数据集以及人脸数据集(Yale和AR)上进行实验考察该算法随选取的约束比例变化的情况,结果表明该方法获得比传统集成学习方法更好的性能。     

不平衡数据的集成分类算法综述

集成学习是通过集成多个基分类器共同决策的机器学习技术,通过不同的样本集训练有差异的基分类器,得到的集成分类器可以有效地提高学习效果。在基分类器的训练过程中,可以通过代价敏感技术和数据采样实现不平衡数据的处理。由于集成学习在不平衡数据分类的优势,针对不平衡数据的集成分类算法得到广泛研究。详细分析了不平衡数据集成分类算法的研究现状,比较了现有算法的差异和各自存在的优点及问题,提出和分析了有待进一步研究的问题。     

一种面向不平衡数据集的组合分类算法

为了提高不平衡数据集中少数类的分类准确率,文章对组合分类算法进行了研究,提出了一种新的组合分类算法WDB.该算法采用决策树C4.5和朴素贝叶斯两种不同的分类器作为基分类器,选择精确度(precision)作为权值,根据不同的训练集,通过"权值学习"的方式自动调整各基分类器的权值大小,然后,结合各基分类器的预测结果,利用加权平均法进行代数组合,构造出一种新的分类算法WDB.最后,以开放的不平衡数据集作为数据源,利用常见的性能评价指标进行实验验证.实验结果证明,在组合分类算法中引入"权值学习"能够发挥基分类器对于特定数据类型的分类优势,提高预测结果的准确率.WDB算法对不平衡数据集分类的性能优于决策树C4.5算法、朴素贝叶斯算法及随机森林算法,能够有效提升不平衡数据集中少数类的分类准确率.     

基于改进的旋转森林算法的不平衡网络流量分类方法

针对不平衡网络流量分类精度不高的问题,在旋转森林算法的基础上结合Bagging算法的Bootstrap抽样和基于分类精度排序的基分类器选择算法,提出一种改进的旋转森林算法。首先,对原始训练集按特征进行子集划分并分别使用Bagging进行样本抽样,通过主成分分析(PCA)生成主成分系数矩阵;然后,在原始训练集和主成分系数矩阵的基础上进行特征转换,生成新的训练子集,再次使用Bagging对子集进行抽样,提升训练集的差异性,并使用训练子集训练C4.5基分类器;最后,使用测试集评价基分类器,依据总体分类精度进行排序筛选,保留分类精度较高的分类器并生成一致分类结果。在不平衡网络流量数据集上进行测试实验,依据准确率和召回率两个标准对C4.5、Bagging、旋转森林和改进的旋转森林四种算法评价,依据模型训练时间和测试时间评价四种算法的时间效率。实验结果表明改进的旋转森林算法对万维网(WWW)协议、Mail协议、Attack协议、对等网(P2P)协议的分类准确度达到99.5%以上,召回率也高于旋转森林、Bagging、C4.5三种算法,可用于网络入侵取证、维护网络安全、提升网络服务质量。     

结合主动学习与置信度投票的集成自训练方法

基于集成学习的自训练算法是一种半监督算法,不少学者通过集成分类器类别投票或平均置信度的方法选择可靠样本。基于置信度的投票策略倾向选择置信度高的样本或置信度低但投票却一致的样本进行标记,后者这种情形可能会误标记靠近决策边界的样本,而采用异构集成分类器也可能会导致各基分类器对高置信度样本的类别标记不同,从而无法将其有效加入到有标记样本集。提出了结合主动学习与置信度投票策略的集成自训练算法用来解决上述问题。该算法合理调整了投票策略,选择置信度高且投票一致的无标记样本加以标注,同时利用主动学习对投票不一致而置信度较低的样本进行人工标注,以弥补集成自训练学习只关注置信度高的样本,而忽略了置信度低的样本的有用信息的缺陷。在UCI数据集上的对比实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

集成基于EP的分类器用于分类数据流

近年来,数据流挖掘已成为知识发现领域中的一个研究热点.数据流中数据的无限性和概念漂移等特征使得传统的分类算法不能很好地适用于数据流环境.提出了一种基于eEP的分类器集成算法CEEPCE(classification by eEP-based classifiers ensemble)对数据流进行分类.CEEPCE使用eEP建立基分类器,当新数据块流入时训练新的分类器,并调整集成分类器中的基分类器.依据基分类器在新流入数据上的分类误差对其进行加权,集成权重最高的若干个基分类器来分类未来数据.实验表明,与单分类器相比,CEEPCE具有更好的分类准确率,并足以与以C4.5为基分类器的集成方法相媲美.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。