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1.
水飞蓟宾在大鼠小肠中的吸收特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
栾立标  赵暖 《药学学报》2006,41(2):138-141
目的考察水飞蓟宾在大鼠各肠段的吸收。方法以一定浓度的水飞蓟宾溶液作为灌流液,以0.1 mL·min-1进行大鼠不同肠段的单向灌流,于不同时间收集肠灌流液并肝门静脉取血,分别用HPLC测定灌流液和血中药物浓度。结果实验结果表明190 μg·mL-1水飞蓟宾在不同肠段的吸收速率常数(ka)和有效透过系数(Peff)是十二指肠>空肠>回肠>结肠。质量浓度为80 μg·mL-1的水飞蓟宾灌流液在十二指肠的吸收与190和300 μg·mL-1的吸收情况均有显著性差异(P<0.05),但质量浓度为190 μg·mL-1与300 μg·mL-1的吸收之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。肝门静脉血中药物分析也显示十二指肠>空肠>回肠>结肠。结论水飞蓟宾在小肠全肠道均有吸收且有高浓度饱和现象。  相似文献   

2.
普朗尼克抑制P-糖蛋白药泵的作用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
采用Caco-2细胞和动物模型,以维拉帕米为阳性对照,考察普朗尼克对塞利洛尔在Caco-2单层膜与肠道黏膜吸收的影响。用高效液相色谱法检测药物浓度,计算表观透过系数、吸收速率常数与有效透过系数等参数,评价普朗尼克对P-糖蛋白药泵的抑制作用。结果显示,塞利洛尔Caco-2细胞膜转运基底端(BL)到顶端(AP)的透过系数Papp大于AP到BL的Papp,分别为(2.10±0.13)×10-6和(0.333±0.018)×10-6 cm·s-1,且双向转运受到抑制剂维拉帕米和普朗尼克的影响。大鼠在体肠灌流实验中塞利洛尔在十二指肠段、空肠、回肠与结肠段的吸收速率常数ka分别为(0.09±0.03),(0.14±0.04),(0.11±0.03)与(0.05±0.02) h-1;合用维拉帕米后各肠段吸收速率常数ka分别为(0.14±0.03),(0.24±0.02),(0.25±0.03)和(0.23±0.02) h-1;合用普朗尼克后各肠段吸收速率常数ka分别为(0.13±0.02),(0.22±0.02),(0.22±0.03)和(0.20±0.03) h-1。可见,普朗尼克通过抑制P-gp外排作用,促进塞利洛尔Caco-2细胞膜和大鼠肠道黏膜的吸收。  相似文献   

3.
独活有效成分大鼠在体单向灌流肠吸收   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
吴雅娜  栾立标 《药学学报》2008,43(1):102-107
为了考察独活提取物中二氢欧山芹醇乙酸酯、蛇床子素、二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯等3种主要有效成分在大鼠的肠吸收性质,了解中药提纯后对大鼠肠吸收的影响,本文运用单向灌流模型并采用HPLC法测定独活提取物I(总香豆素含量<10%)灌流液中3种成分在体肠灌流的浓度变化,并与独活提取物II(总香豆素含量≥60%)进行比较。结果表明二氢欧山芹醇乙酸酯、蛇床子素及二氢欧山芹醇当归酸酯的质量浓度分别为62~555 μg·mL-1、101~887 μg·mL-1和19~186 μg·mL-1,吸收量与浓度呈线性关系,无高浓度饱和现象,吸收速率常数(Ka)、吸收渗透系数(Papp)值基本保持不变。3种成分在大鼠小肠主要以被动扩散方式吸收;在各肠段均有吸收,其中结肠吸收最好,各肠段的KaPapp是结肠>十二指肠>空肠>回肠,且结肠的KaPapp值显著大于其他肠段;独活提取物II中3种成分的KaPapp值显著小于独活提取物I中相应成分。  相似文献   

4.
大鼠肠道对左旋延胡索乙素及其消旋体的吸收差异研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
考察延胡索乙素(THP)的吸收机制,并研究其消旋体与左旋延胡索乙素(l-THP)在大鼠肠道的吸收差异。应用单向灌流模型,采用HPLC法测定THP及l-THP在灌流液中的浓度变化。灌流液中THP质量浓度为8,16,32 μg·mL-1时,THP吸收速率常数和有效吸收系数均无统计差异(P>0.05),各肠段的吸收速率常数和有效吸收系数也无统计差异(P>0.05); l-THP和THP在大鼠肠道吸收存在显著性差异(P<0.05); 在肠道灌流液中加入P-糖蛋白(P-gp)抑制剂维拉帕米后,THP吸收显著增加,而l-THP吸收几乎不变。THP在肠黏膜的转运为被动扩散过程,无特殊吸收窗口;THP消旋体与l-THP的吸收差异可能与P-gp与右旋THP的选择性结合有关。  相似文献   

5.
张欢  汪丽  张优  谢沛  李娜  丁家荣  王雷 《药学实践杂志》2022,40(6):515-518,531
目的 研究阿哌沙班在肾衰大鼠体内的肠吸收特性,并考察P糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)抑制剂对阿哌沙班吸收行为的影响。方法 选择肾衰大鼠在体单向灌流法进行肠吸收实验,建立大鼠阿哌沙班肠灌流液HPLC分析方法,以考察大鼠在体肠吸收影响因素。结果 阿哌沙班在各肠段的吸收速率常数(Ka)存在显著性差异(P<0.05),但表观吸收系数(Papp)未见明显差异(P>0.05);大鼠回肠段的Ka和Papp值随药物浓度的增加而降低;加入 P-gp抑制剂盐酸维拉帕米(0.1 mmol/L)后,阿哌沙班在空肠和回肠段的Ka和Papp值均明显增加。结论 阿哌沙班在各肠段均有吸收;P-gp抑制剂对阿哌沙班在空肠和回肠段的吸收均有明显的促进作用,表明阿哌沙班为P-gp底物,推测其吸收机制为主动转运。  相似文献   

6.
目的 制备和优化西罗莫司(sirolimus,SRL)聚合物胶束,考察其对大鼠在体肠吸收动力学的影响。方法 以去氧胆酸修饰的壳聚糖(deoxycholic acid grafted chitosan,CS-DCA)为载体,采用溶剂蒸发法制备SRL CS-DCA胶束。以包封率、载药量、粒径和电位作为考察指标,结合星点设计-效应面法优化处方。建立大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型,并通过肠腔有效吸收系数(Peff)、吸收速率常数(Ka)和药物吸收剂量分数(fa)研究不同浓度SRL CS-DCA的肠吸收特性。结果 SRL CS-DCA最优处方:载体浓度(CS-DCA)为10 mg·mL-1,药物与载体质量比为20%,该条件下制备得到的SRL CS-DCA带正电荷(37.0±2.7)mV,粒径(182.2±5.7)nm,包封率>90%,载药量(15.8±0.5)%。SRL CS-DCA经大鼠全肠后,反映药物肠吸收程度的评价指标PeffKafa均较SRL有显著提高(P<0.05);不同浓度的SRL CS-DCA在大鼠全肠段的PeffKafa值无显著性差异,提示胶束在10~100 μg·mL-1吸收无浓度抑制,吸收特征为被动转运的线性动力学过程,推测其可能的吸收机制为被动扩散。结论 SRL制备成聚合物胶束后,对其在大鼠小肠的吸收具有明显的促进作用,从侧面证明SRL CS-DCA能有效改善SRL口服生物利用度。  相似文献   

7.
目的 考察原人参二醇纳米混悬剂的在体肠吸收特征。方法 采用溶剂蒸发法, 以白蛋白作为稳定剂制备原人参二醇纳米混悬剂。以酚红为标示物, 采用大鼠在体单向肠灌流法评价原人参二醇纳米混悬剂的大鼠在体肠吸收特性。结果 Zetasizer nano ZS仪测得原人参二醇纳米混悬剂平均粒径为(220±10)nm, Zeta电位为(-28±0.2)mV。肠吸收实验表明, 原人参二醇纳米混悬剂在整个肠段都有吸收, 且吸收速率常数(Ka)与渗透系数(Peff)均大于原人参二醇原药(P<0.05), 原人参二醇纳米混悬剂在小肠段(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)的KaPeff均大于结肠(P<0.05)。结论 原人参二醇纳米混悬剂能够有效促进原人参二醇的大鼠在体肠吸收, 其转运机制可能为主动转运或促进扩散。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨黄腐酚降低人卵巢癌耐药细胞株SKOV3/DDP耐药性的机制。方法 将KOV3/DDP细胞分为卵巢癌组(无干扰)、10 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组(10 μmol·L-1黄腐酚培养)、20 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组(20 μmol·L-1黄腐酚培养)、40 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组(40 μmol·L-1黄腐酚培养)、80 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组(80 μmol·L-1黄腐酚培养)、160 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组(160 μmol·L-1黄腐酚培养)。采用CCK-8检测SKOV3/DDP细胞存活率;克隆形成实验检测SKOV3/DDP细胞克隆数目;流式细胞仪检测SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡率;CCK-8检测黄腐酚对SKOV3/DDP细胞DDP耐药性的影响;免疫印迹检测SKOV3/DDP细胞中耐药蛋白ABCB1、MDR-1和P-gp的表达。结果 与卵巢癌组相比,10 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组SKOV3/DDP细胞存活率无明显变化(P>0.05);与10 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组相比,20、40、80、160 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组SKOV3/DDP细胞存活率均显著降低(P<0.05)。卵巢癌组及10、20、40、80、160 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组SKOV3/DDP细胞克隆数目分别为(86±12)、(82±10)、(61±11)、(46±9)、(29±11)及(20±7),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=43.270, P<0.001)。卵巢癌组及10、20、40、80、160 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡率分别为(2.56±0.20)%、(3.20±0.36)%、(15.21±1.22)%、(26.30±1.60)%、(33.20±2.25)%及(45.63±2.10)%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=775.200, P<0.001)。与DDP相比,DDP联合黄腐酚对SKOV3/DDP细胞的活性抑制率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与卵巢癌组相比,10 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组ABCB1、MDR-1和P-gp蛋白表达水平无显著差异(P>0.05);与10 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组相比,20、40、80、160 μmol·L-1黄腐酚组SKOV3/DDP细胞中ABCB1、MDR-1和P-gp蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 黄腐酚可降低卵巢癌SKOV3/DDP细胞的耐药性,抑制细胞活性,促进细胞凋亡,可能与下调ABCB1、MDR-1和P-gp蛋白表达相关。  相似文献   

9.
Zhang Y  Zhu HX  Guo LW 《药学学报》2012,47(2):233-238
本实验主要考察药物浓度、肠段、pH、P-糖蛋白 (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) 及Na+依赖型葡萄糖转运体 (Na+-dependent glucose transporter, SGLT1) 对小檗碱肠吸收的影响, 并探索复方配伍环境中小檗碱的肠吸收情况。实验以酚红为标示物, 采用大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型, 运用高效液相色谱法考察小檗碱单体 (36.70、46.17和92.33 μg·mL−1)、黄连解毒汤模拟体系 (主要指标成分单体混合物: 小檗碱 + 黄芩苷 + 栀子苷, 其中小檗碱浓度为92.33 μg·mL−1) 及黄连解毒汤全方 (小檗碱浓度为92.33 μg·mL−1) 中小檗碱在大鼠各肠段的吸收变化情况。结果表明: 小檗碱在一定浓度范围内 (20~100 μg·mL−1), 部分大鼠小肠吸收速率参数 (Ka) 无显著性差异, 提示药物的吸收机制可能为被动扩散, 其转运过程可能受SGLT1和P-gp的影响; 单体混合物和全方中小檗碱在各肠段的Ka和有效渗透系数 (Peff) 值均有显著性增加 (P < 0.05)。说明小檗碱在整个肠段均有吸收, 具有广泛的吸收窗, 其中结肠段吸收较好; 配伍对小檗碱的大鼠肠吸收特性有一定影响, 较单体而言, 单体混合物和全方灌流时小檗碱在小肠中吸收更好。  相似文献   

10.
磷脂对甘草酸二铵小肠吸收的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究磷脂对甘草酸二铵及甘草次酸小肠吸收的影响。建立大鼠原位单向肠灌流及伴有肠系膜插管的肠灌流模型,采用高效液相色谱法检测灌流液及血浆中的药物浓度,计算表观通透系数Papp和吸收速率常数Ka。建立大鼠灌胃后肝门静脉取血模型,测定门静脉血浆中药物浓度,以对灌流结果进一步验证。甘草酸二铵和甘草次酸均能跨肠壁吸收,其Papp分别为0.36和5.73 cm·min-1,加入磷脂后,Papp分别提高到0.68和7.98 cm·min-1。磷脂使甘草酸二铵本身的吸收略有增加,但统计学检验差异不显著,但对其肠道菌群代谢物甘草次酸的吸收有显著促进作用。  相似文献   

11.
Gastrointestinal Transit and Distribution of Ranitidine in the Rat   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Purpose. Ranitidine gastrointestinal distribution was examined in the rat small intestine after oral administration to determine whether intestinal transit or secretion (exsorption) may influence the appearance of secondary peaks in ranitidine serum concentration-time profiles. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received ranitidine (50 mg/kg) by oral gavage, and the mass of ranitidine recovered in all small intestinal segments (~12 cm each) was determined 30, 60, 90, or 120 min after administration. In a separate group of anesthetized rats, the small intestine was divided into two segments of equal length that were perfused with normal saline in a single-pass manner. Rats received an escalating, zero-order IV infusion of ranitidine for 30 min, and venous blood and intestinal effluent were collected over 90 min to quantitate ranitidine exsorption. Results. Thirty min after oral administration, >50% of the recovered ranitidine mass resided in the lower half of the small intestine in all rats. Ranitidine mass in 5 of 16 rats displayed a bimodal distribution with significant amounts of ranitidine recovered from the stomach 60 to 90 min after dosing. Ranitidine exsorption was more efficient from the lower jejunum and ileum than from the duodenum and upper jejunum. However, intestinal secretion of ranitidine was minor (5% of the IV dose). Conclusions. Ranitidine absorption from the lower ileum contributes significantly to systemic ranitidine concentrations before and during the time of the first concentration maximum. Separation of the drug mass into multiple boluses may contribute to secondary peaks in ranitidine concentration-time profiles. Exsorption did not contribute significantly to ranitidine distribution in the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

12.
Intestinal integrity is maintained by a delicate balance between mucosal defence and luminal aggressors that cause damage if exposed to the mucosa. The intestinal barrier function appears to be the gatekeeper for controlling this balance. It is becoming increasingly clear that if the intestinal barrier is disrupted the consequences are low grade intestinal inflammation which carry with it the risk of significant blood and protein loss both of which may cause clinical management problems. We review the strength and weaknesses of methods for assessing small bowel function that are useful for assessing drug-induced intestinal toxicity. There are a number of imaging methods for assessing intestinal integrity but these do not provide functional information. Intestinal permeability measurements have been optimized for specificity and there are now ways of measuring intestinal permeability regionally, but marker analyses continue to be cumbersome. Recent developments of faecal inflammatory markers make it a matter of routine to assess this in any routine chemical pathology laboratory. Bleeding, protein loss and other complications of inflammation can also be measured with good specificity, but again the methods are cumbersome. Using a combination of functional and imaging techniques it is now possible to characterize and define with precision, the small bowel side-effects of drugs, the best example being the small bowel side-effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).  相似文献   

13.
There is irrefutable evidence that cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition by itself is not the only factor in the development of the gastrointestinal damage of NSAIDs. One suggestion is that the 'topical' effect of NSAIDs is an important initiating factor in their toxicity ('ion trapping hypothesis'), but the biochemical mechanisms are unknown. We made an integrated approach to elucidate the biochemical basis of the 'topical' toxicity of NSAIDs.Assay of specific intestinal subcellular organelle marker enzymes following indomethacin shows that only brush border and mitochondria are affected. Electron microscopy shows mitochondrial changes characteristic of uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (or inhibition of the respiratory chain) following NSAIDs. In vitro studies show that the mitochondrial effects relate to the acidity (pKa) of the NSAID, which is also crucial for their binding (inhibition) to the COX enzymes.We attempted to dissociate the two effects. Enantioners (R and S) of flurbiprofen have a differential effect on COX inhibition. We show that both enantiomers are associated with changes in mitochondrial morphology, increase in intestinal permeability and inflammation, but only the S-enantiomer (which decreases intestinal mucosal prostaglandin levels) is associated with intestinal ulceration. In a separate set of experiments we show that the uncoupler, dinitrophenol, altered intestinal mitochondria, increased intestinal permeability and inflammation, but caused no ulcers. Parenteral aspirin, which does not have a 'topical' effect, decreased intestinal mucosal prostaglandin levels significantly but was not associated with any other pathophysiogical alterations. Given together, the two drugs were associated with the same damage as indomethacin. These studies show a clear dissociation of the 'topical' and COX inhibitory effects of NSAIDs. We suggest that the 'topical' effect of NSAIDs is instrumental in initiating the intestinal damage of conventional NSAIDs and that inhibition of COX modifies this response leading to severe inflammation and ulcers.  相似文献   

14.
Up to the present, ten models have been proposed or applied to analyze the relationship between blood flow and intestinal absorption. The conceptions of these models and their basic and final equations are described. In addition, their relationship to the first-order rate constants used in the models not explicitly including the blood flow rate is elucidated. Usually a curvilinear (concave curvature) relationship between the blood flow rate and the absorption rate is predicted by the models. This similarity of the curves is the reason that in many cases several models are compatible with the experimental data.  相似文献   

15.
药物的肠吸收与处置研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对近几年药物肠吸收与处置方面的研究进展进行了综述。包括:特定部位吸收、代谢的认识和利用,与药物首过效应有关的肠壁外泌及代谢作用的介绍,促进药物肠道吸收的方法及常用研究模型的比较。  相似文献   

16.
大肠粘液腺癌107例临床分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨大肠粘液腺癌的临床病理特性及其综合治疗方面应该注意的问题。方法:回顾性分析107例大肠粘液腺癌临床和病理资料。结果:(1)与非粘液腺癌相比,大肠粘液腺癌好发于青年人(年龄<45岁);(2)粘液与非粘液腺癌皆好发于直肠,但粘液腺癌更多发于升结肠;(3)易向周围脏器组织浸润生长;(4)易发性远处淋巴结转移;(5)根治性手术切除率低;(6)术后复发率高,预后较差。结论:大肠粘液腺癌是一类预后较差的大肠癌,对大肠癌粘液癌应该采用较积极的综合治疗方式。  相似文献   

17.
目的探讨手术中放置肠梗阻导管行肠排列术对反复发作的黏连性肠梗阻的疗效观察。方法回顾性分析该院普外科2008年3月—2011年3月术中应用肠梗阻导管进行小肠内排列的38例患者临床资料,并进行随访。结果 38例患者均痊愈出院,无术后并发症。全部病例随访1~4年,除1例因肠梗阻再次入院治疗,余随访期间均无肠梗阻复发。结论肠梗阻导管小肠排列术操作简单、安全、疗效可靠,是治疗黏连性肠梗阻的有效方法,尤其适用于反复发作的复杂的肠梗阻患者。  相似文献   

18.
Summary In a double blind placebo controlled study of 40 patients, oxetoron was shown significantly to shorten the time required for movement of a small intestinal biopsy capsule up to the angle of Treitz.Oxetoron (nocertone®) Labaz  相似文献   

19.
目的 建立小肠灌流液中头孢克洛的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法, 考察蒲地蓝消炎口服液对头孢克洛在大鼠小肠吸收的影响, 为临床联合用药的合理性提供实验依据。方法 采用大鼠在体单向肠灌流实验模型, 应用重量法校正灌流液体积, HPLC测定灌流液中头孢克洛, 计算头孢克洛肠吸收参数。结果 头孢克洛在各肠段均有良好吸收, 小肠不同部位头孢克洛的吸收速率常数(Ka)与有效渗透系数(Peff)大小为十二指肠> 空肠≈回肠, 各肠段间的吸收无统计学差异;联合应用蒲地蓝消炎口服液时, 头孢克洛在全场段的吸收均有所减少, 十二指肠处显著减少(P<0.05), 其他肠段处无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。结论 研究结果表明蒲地蓝消炎口服液会影响头孢克洛的小肠吸收, 因此两药联合使用时产生较好的药效不是通过促进头孢克洛的吸收而实现的, 而是二者共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

20.
目的考察银杏中活性黄酮成分槲皮素在大鼠肠道的吸收特性。方法以酚红为标示物,采用在体单向肠灌流模型,HPLC法测定槲皮素在体肠灌流的浓度变化,研究槲皮素在小肠内的吸收情况。结果槲皮素在(1.01~20.18ug/mL)浓度范围内其肠管通透率和血管通透率均基本保持不变,各浓度间无显著性差异(P〉0.05)。结论药物浓度对槲皮素通透率无影响,其吸收机制可能为被动扩散。  相似文献   

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