高合金化Al-9Zn-2Mg-2Cu-0.3Ce合金均匀化过程中的组织演变

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC),研究了一种高合金化Al-9Zn-2.0Mg-2Cu-0.3Ce(质量分数,%)合金的铸态微观组织,以及其均匀化过程中微观组织的演变,获得了较优的单级均匀化工艺。结果表明:铸态时,合金晶粒内部枝晶网络发达,Zn、Mg、Cu元素偏聚严重,合金中主要的非平衡凝固相为T(AlZnMgCu) 相和θ(Al₂Cu)相。经过470 ℃×48 h均匀化热处理后,合金中的枝晶网络基本消除,凝固相T逐渐回溶至基体中,主要的残留相为耐高温相Al₂CuMg、Al₈Cu₄Ce和Al₇Cu₂Fe。扩散动力学分析表明,470 ℃退火48 h的单级均匀化工艺足以使合金中的非平衡相回溶至基体中。     

Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu合金均匀化过程中Al2CuMg相的消除

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了一种高合金化Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu(wt%)合金在均匀化过程中难溶相Al₂CuMg的形成以及实现其充分溶解的工艺。结果表明:铸态时,合金中主要的非平衡凝固相为Mg(Zn, Al, Cu)₂相,Zn、Mg、Cu元素偏聚严重。经过470 ℃×40 h一级均匀化后,虽然Mg(Zn, Al, Cu)₂相逐渐回溶至基体中促进了合金中枝晶网络的基本消除,但合金中形成了一种耐高温的有害相Al₂CuMg。进一步采用485 ℃×14 h的高温均匀化工艺实现了合金中耐高温相Al₂CuMg的充分回溶。扩散动力学分析表明,470 ℃×40 h+485 ℃×14 h的双级均匀化工艺足以使合金中的非平衡相回溶至基体中。     

Li含量对高Cu铝锂合金均匀化处理的影响

通过金相显微分析(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、能谱分析(EDS)和电子探针显微分析(EPMA),研究了不同Li含量对高Cu铝锂合金铸态组织和均匀化处理的影响。结果表明：铸态高Cu铝锂合金的晶界和枝晶间有大量非平衡结晶相存在,主要为富Mg和Ag的Al-Cu相、T_B(Al₇Cu₄Li)相和θ(Al₂Cu)相;Li含量对铸锭枝晶间距和第二相种类有明显的影响,当合金中Li含量较高时,枝晶间距较小,T_B(Al₇Cu₄Li)相的占比较大;当合金中Li含量较低时,枝晶间距较大,θ(Al₂Cu)相的占比较大。θ(Al₂Cu)相占比越大,均匀化处理需要的时间越长,低Li合金、中Li合金和高Li合金适宜的均匀化制度分别为(470℃,16 h)+(500℃,40 h)、(470℃,16 h)+(500℃,24 h)和(470℃,16 h)+(500℃,8 h)。     

均匀化退火工艺对7050铝合金组织演变与再结晶影响

研究了均匀化退火工艺对7050铝合金铸态组织演变、Al₃Zr弥散相析出及其变形组织再结晶的影响。研究结果表明：均匀化退火过程中缓慢升温时，Zn元素扩散速率明显高于Mg元素和Cu元素，且Zn在铝基体中的固溶度较大，所含的Zn元素扩散回溶到铝基体后，T相(AlZnMgCu相)转变成高熔点的S相(Al₂CuMg相);采用低温段缓慢升温替代低温段保温工艺，同样能够促进Al₃Zr弥散相的形核析出，对抑制后续变形组织再结晶有同等效果。7050铝合金铸锭的均匀化退火温度可采用470℃+480℃复合均匀化制度，通过合理控温工艺即可促进Al₃Zr弥散相的均匀析出，同时有效消除低熔点T相和高熔点S相，该工艺可推广应用至7050铝合金工业化生产，达到提质降本增效作用。     

Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金均匀化过程中的结构转变

通过电子探针微分析(EPMA)等手段研究了Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金均匀化过程中的结构演变。结果显示:铸态时,晶界上存在大量共晶网络状Al₂Cu相及Al₆(Mn,Cu)相,初生Al₃(Sc,Zr)和Al₂CuMg相形成较少, 并没有发现W(AlCuSc)相。在520 ℃下均匀化,Al₂Cu相在12 h后就几乎完全回溶,16 h彻底溶解,这与均匀化动力学分析得到的14.1 h基本吻合,而Al₆(Mn,Cu)相并不能溶解,且在均匀化过程中会形成一些粗大的、不连续排列的W相颗粒,可见添加Sc会影响均匀化过程中的组织变化。     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Sc-Zr合金的均匀化工艺

采用金相显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜、扫描透射电镜研究了Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Sc-Zr合金的铸态组织及均匀化过程中的组织演变。结果表明:合金的过烧温度为520℃,其最佳双级均匀化工艺为420℃×6 h+515℃×24 h;试验合金经双级均匀化处理后,低熔点共晶相少量残留,基体上均匀地析出细小弥散的Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子。     

2055铝锂合金双级均匀化工艺研究

摘 要:利用金相显微镜,差示扫描量热仪,扫描电镜研究了2055铝锂合金的均匀化处理工艺。研究结果表明：该合金适宜的均匀化处理制度为470℃/8h 530~535℃/22~24h。铸态合金树枝晶结构明显,由于Cu元素在晶界的大量偏析,形成了含少量Mg,Zn,Ag,Fe,Mn元素的AlCu相和Al2Cu 相的共晶相以及AlCuFeMn第二相粒子。铸态合金的过烧温度为522.7℃。一级均匀化过程中,主要是含Cu,Zn,Mg,Ag等元素的低熔点共晶相先行溶解;二级均匀化时主要是Al2Cu相回溶至基体,残余第二相的粒长在15μm左右,主要是含Cu,Fe和Mn元素的难溶相。第二级均匀化制度与均匀化动力学曲线匹配较好。     

2055铝锂合金双级均匀化工艺

利用金相显微镜、差示扫描量热仪,扫描电镜研究了2055铝锂合金的均匀化处理工艺。结果表明:该合金适宜的均匀化处理制度为470℃/8 h+530~535℃/22~24 h。铸态合金树枝晶结构明显,由于Cu元素在晶界的大量偏析,形成了含少量Mg、Zn、Ag、Fe、Mn元素的Al Cu相和Al_2Cu相的共晶相以及AlCuFeMn第二相粒子。铸态合金的过烧温度为522.7℃。一级均匀化过程中,主要是含Cu、Zn、Mg、Ag等元素的低熔点共晶相先行溶解;二级均匀化时主要是Al_2Cu相回溶至基体,残余第二相的粒长在15μm左右,主要是含Cu、Fe和Mn元素的难溶相。第二级均匀化制度与均匀化动力学曲线匹配较好。     

含微量Zr的Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金多级均匀化热处理中的组织演变

采用扫描示差量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段研究了含微量Zr的Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金铸态与不同均匀化热处理态的显微组织演化和成分分布,测定了该合金铸态组织中的低熔点共晶相的成分和熔化温度,确定了该合金的均匀化处理制度和过烧温度.结果表明:Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Zr合金铸态组织晶界上主要的非平衡相为Al2Cu,其熔点为523.52℃.合金经420℃×6h一级均匀化处理后,Al3Zr粒子在基体内二次析出且弥散分布.经515℃× 24h二级均匀化处理后,晶界上的非平衡相大部分溶入基体,枝晶偏析基本消除,晶内各元素分布均匀.该合金的最佳均匀化制度为420℃× 6h+515℃× 24h,均匀化过烧温度为520℃.     

Ce对Al-5Cu合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪、同步热分析等手段，研究了Ce含量对Al-5Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，加入Ce元素后，除了α-Al和Al₂Cu相外还会生成针状Al₈CuCe₄相。合金固相线温度升高，液相线温度降低，凝固温度区间缩短，α-Al得以有效细化和均匀化。随着Ce含量增加，共晶Al₈CeCu₄相逐渐增多，Al₂Cu相在Al₈CeCu₄相边缘附着生长，逐渐形成了沿晶界分布的封闭网状结构。经过T5热处理后Al₂Cu相以粒状弥散析出，基体Cu含量增大，耐热性强的Al₈CuCe₄相形态基本不变。合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率均先增大后减小。当Ce含量为0.3%时，合金力学性能最优，抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为320 MPa、238 MPa和13.6%,较铸态的明显提高。     

Research on microstructure in as-cast 7A55 aluminum alloy and its evolution during homogenization

The microstructure of the as-cast 7A55 aluminum alloy and its evolution during homogenization were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results indicate that the microstructure of the as-cast 7A55 aluminum alloy mainly consists of the dendritic network of aluminum solid solution, Al/AlZnMgCu eutectic phases, and intermetallic compounds MgZn2, Al2CuMg, Al7Cu2Fe, and Al23CuFe4. After homogenization at 470°C for 48 h, Al/AlZnMgCu eutectic phases are dissolved into the matrix, and a small amount of high melting-point secondary phases were formed, which results in an increasing of the starting melting temperature of 7A55 aluminum alloy. The high melting-point secondary phases were eliminated mostly when the homogenization time achieved to 72 h. Therefore, the reasonable homogenization heat treatment process for 7A55 aluminum alloy ingots was chosen as 470°C/72 h.     

均匀化处理对Al-Cu-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、差热分析、硬度测试和拉伸测试等方法研究了均匀化处理对Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg合金的组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mg铸态组织中存在较严重的枝晶偏析现象,晶界及晶界交汇处有大量Al2Cu相及Al2Cu和Al2CuMg的共晶相,合金经480℃×12 h均匀化处理后,组织中的非平衡相已基本溶解,综合力学性能较好,抗拉强度为320 MPa,屈服强度为246 MPa,伸长率为10.2%,硬度为139.2 HV。     

Overheating temperature of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy

The microstructure and overheating characteristics of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy, and those after industrial homogenization treatment and multi-stage homogenization treatments, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX). The results show that the microstructure of direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy contains a large number of constituents in the form of dendritic networks that consist of nonequilibrium eutectic and Fe-containing phases. The nonequilibrium eutectic contains Al, Zn, Mg and Cu, and the Fe-containing phases include two kinds of phases, one containing Al, Fe, Mn and Cu, and the other having Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Si and Cu. The melting point of the nonequilibrium eutectic is 478 ℃ for the casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy which is usually considered as its overheating temperature. During industrial homogenization treatment processing at 470 ℃, the nonequilibrium eutectic dissolves into the matrix of this alloy partly, and the remainder transforms into Al2CuMg phase that cannot be dissolved into the matrix at that temperature completely. The melting point of the Al2CuMg phase which can dissolve into the matrix completely by slow heating is about 490 ℃. The overheating temperature of this high strength aluminum alloy can rise to 500-520 ℃. By means of special multi-stage homogenization, the temperature of the homogenization treatment of the ingot of the 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy can reach 500 ℃ without overheating.     

Ho添加对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金均匀化热处理过程中微观组织和性能演变的影响

通过SEM、OM和DSC,研究添加Ho的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金均匀化热处理制度,测试不同均匀化热处理过程中合金的电导率和硬度变化。结果表明,铸态合金中存在4种第二相：T(AlZnMgCu),Al₇Cu₂Fe,Al₈Cu₄Ho 及S (Al₂CuMg),第二相导致合金元素分布存在严重微观偏析。合金在475 ℃均匀化热处理20 h后,T相完全回溶基体且未观察到S相,仅剩余Al₇Cu₂Fe和Al₈Cu₄Ho。硬度和电导率随T相的回溶而变化,T相的回溶使得合金硬度升高,电导率降低。同时,在475 ℃均匀化热处理5~20 h过程中,Al₃Ho相析出,这一现象引起硬度和电导率的升高。结合均匀化动力学分析,确定合金适宜的均匀化热处理制度为470~475 ℃/20~25 h。     

大规格铸态7005铝合金的双级均热工艺优化

为优化工业化生产耗时长、耗能高、效率低的旧双级均热工艺,采用OM、SEM、图像分析软件及布氏硬度计,研究了双级均热工艺对大规格铸态7005铝合金圆锭显微组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:经450℃×2h+470℃×32h双级均热处理后,MgZn2弥散质点完全溶解,仅残留难溶的AlMnFe、AlMnFeSi等含Fe化合物相,均热效果与旧工艺的均热效果一致,可实现工业化节能降本提质增效的生态生产。     

Microstructural characteristics and paint-bake response of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy

The microstructural characteristics and paint-bake response of 6022 alloy with 0.3% Cu （mass fraction） were studied using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, transmission electron microscope（TEM） and tensile tester. The results indicate that the phase constituents in the as-cast microstructure are Mg2Si, Si, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, Al5FeSi, α-Al（MnCrFe）Si and CuAl2. During the following homogenization, CuAl2, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Mg2Si phases are almost completely dissolved, and Al5FeSi transforms to α-Al（MnCrFe）Si particles. After rolling, the phase constituents in the alloy change less except the precipitation of Mg2Si particles, and the precipitation behavior of Mg2Si strongly depends on the thermomechanical conditions. Cu addition significantly increases the paint-bake response of 6022 alloy by facilitating the formation of β＂ phase. Therefore, the tensile strength of 6022 alloy with 0.3% Cu is higher than that of 6022 alloy without Cu after paint-bake cycle.     

Microstructural evolution of new type Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy with Er and Zr additions during homogenization

A comprehensive study on the microstructural evolution of a new type Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Er–Zr alloy during homogenization was conducted by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that serious segregation exists in as-cast alloy, and the primary phases are T(AlZnMgCu), S(Al₂CuMg) and Al₈Cu₄Er, which preferentially locate in the grain boundary regions. The soluble T(AlZnMgCu) and S(Al₂CuMg) phases dissolve into the matrix gradually during single-stage homogenized at 465 °C with prolonging holding time, but the residual Al₈Cu₄Er phase cannot dissolve completely. Compared with the single-stage homogenization, both a finer particle size and a higher volume fraction of L1₂-structured Al₃(Er, Zr) dispersoids can be obtained in the two-stage homogenization process. A suitable homogenization scheme for the present alloy is (400 °C, 10 h)+(465 °C, 24 h), which is consistent with the results of homogenization kinetic analysis.     

Microstructural evolution of high strength 7B04 ingot during homogenization treatment

The evolution of the microstructure and phases of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 super-high strength aluminum alloy during homogenization treatment was studied with metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The results show that a considerable amount of non-equilibrium eutectics containing AI, Zn, Cu and Mg exist in the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 super-high strength aluminum alloy, and their melting point is 478℃. During homogenization treatment at 470℃, these eutectics dissolve into the matrix partly, coarsen and also transform into Al2CuMg phase whose equilibrium melting point is 490℃ in the alloy. Moreover, the homogenization treatment at 470℃ for 72 h results in the disappearance of the non-equilibrium eutectics though Al2CuMg phase can not dissolve completely.