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1.
胡长诚 《化学推进剂与高分子材料》1989,(2):44-46
<正> 肼是一种重要的火箭推进剂,在工业中也被用作除氧剂,还广泛地被用作抗氧剂、显影剂和杀虫剂。它是一种毒性很大的刺激剂,并有致癌和致变的嫌疑。工业排出物中建议的最高肼含量为1 p.p.m.。据报导,肼被吸收后可于尿中排出。曾报导过几种测定痕量肼的方法,其中包括光谱法、滴定法、电位法、电导法、电量法、莹光法和气相色谱法等。本方法是基于肼与香草醛(vanillin)在酸性介质中缩合而生成一种黄色 Schiffbase 的颜色反应,后者的最大吸收峰在400nm 处。该反应很敏感,己被用于测定尿和污染的河水中的肼含量。 相似文献
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绿色固体推进剂的研究现状及展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述了无铅双基系推进剂、可再生TPE推进剂和绿色复合推进剂的研制现状,总结了各类绿色推进剂的特点和发展过程中的技术难题,指出了绿色推进剂的一些技术发展方向,如非铅催化剂的纳米化技术、高效负载技术和复合技术,含能热塑性弹性体的合成及应用技术,硝仿肼(HNF)提纯技术以及新型高能氧化剂合成技术等. 相似文献
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通过采用六氟异丙醇等材料合成出对甲苯磺酸六氟异丙酯,研制了肼类推进剂猝灭剂。对比结果表明,自制的肼类推进剂猝灭剂对偏二甲肼的猝灭效果优于氟蛋白泡沫灭火剂,预装了肼类推进剂猝灭剂的猝灭器产生的压缩空气泡沫对偏二甲肼的猝灭效果更好,自制猝灭剂的猝灭效果相当于国外的同类泡沫灭火剂。 相似文献
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高能氧化剂硝仿肼及其推进剂研究的新进展 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
综述了欧美国家在研究高能氧化剂硝仿肼和以硝仿肼为基的固体推进剂等方面所取得的最新进展。介绍了硝仿肼的研制背景,并通过对硝仿肼物理化学特性数据的分析,证实了硝仿肼在固体推进剂中的实用价值。同时还介绍了以硝仿肼为氧化剂,GAP为粘结剂,Al为燃料的固体推进剂配方的各种性能。 相似文献
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介绍了目前最有希望取代肼的一类单元推进剂——离子盐溶液推进剂。结合ADN高能、高氧含量和强吸湿性的特点,指出了ADN在新型离子盐溶液推进剂中的应用前景。综述了瑞典在ADN单元推进剂配方研究、发动机试验和高纯ADN生产等方面的进展,对国内ADN无毒推进技术研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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选出一种适用于单肼及混肼分离的色谱柱,用于肼类推进剂的通用分析。对肼、一甲肼、偏二甲肼及混肼的色谱条件试验和对照测定结果,采用聚四氟乙烯担体涂以聚乙二醇1000和三乙醇胺混合固定液的2m柱,面积归一法定量,取得满意的结果。 相似文献
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综述了国内外推进剂材料老化性能的研究进展.介绍了推进剂材料老化所采用的光谱法、色谱法、热分析法、传感器法、凝胶溶胶法、动态粘弹法等.展望了该研究领域未来的发展趋势,以光谱学和在推进剂中埋入微型传感器等老化无损评估方法是该领域今后的主要发展方向. 相似文献
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对还原-偶氮分光光度法测定水中硝基苯类实验装置进行改革,研究并建立了分析测定的优化实验条件。在此实验条件的基础上,对测定方法中的显色酸度、样品空白等测定条件进行了优化和补充;增加了苯胺类样品空白实验,解决了苯胺类样品及空白样品与体系酸度调节条件不一致的问题;同时拓宽了校准曲线的测定范围。硝基苯质量浓度在0~1.6 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.004 mg/L。用优化改进后的测定方法对水质硝基苯标准样品和实际废水样品进行分析测定,样品测定精密度(n=6)小于3%;加标实验回收率达到96.4%~101.8%。 相似文献
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Irena Schoenfeld 《Israel journal of chemistry》1968,6(4):451-455
A direct spectrochemical method for the determination of beryllium in biological samples is described. Charred samples are mixed with dilute HCl and used directly for excitation by the rotating-disc spark technique. Chemical separation of Be is eliminated, simplifying the estimation and increasing the speed at which the analysis can be performed. The limit of detection is 1 ppb of Be in urine samples, 20 ppb in lung and other tissues. The coefficient of variation ranges from 15% to 25%. This precision is sufficient when the determination is intended for rapid diagnostic purposes. 相似文献
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Stephen A. Wise Laurence R. Hilpert Gary D. Byrd Willie E. May 《Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds》2013,33(1-2):81-98
Liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been compared for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a variety of environmental samples. Three sets of data are presented in this paper in which LC/fluorescence and GC/MS were used for the analysis of the same samples. These three data sets include the comparison of results from: (1) certification measurements for three natural matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRM's), (2) an international round robin for the determination of PAHs in air and diesel particulate samples, and (3) the analysis of four marine sediment reference materials. The results from these studies indicate that the two techniques generally provide comparable results for the measurement of PAHs in environmental samples (in the range of 0.1 to 300 ng/g), with differences in the two techniques between 5–20%. However, at low levels, anthracene and perylene are best measured using LC/fluorescence because of their selective and sensitive fluorescence detection characteristics. In contrast, GC/MS provides more accurate results for the determination of benzo[ghi]perylene because of its low fluorescence sensitivity. 相似文献
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采用连续流动分析技术对环境水样中的高锰酸盐指数进行大批量快速测定,分析结果具有良好的准确性和重现性,方法检出限0.16mg/L,有证标准物质相对误差分别为-5.4%、-4.1%和1.6%,平行测定的RSD在0.45%~3.1%之间,环境水样的加标回收率为90.1%~97.1%,实际水样的检测结果与国标方法GB11892—1989的相对误差为-2.8%~2.7%。 相似文献
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硫酸盐是目前生产碳酸锌工艺中主要副产物之一。准确测定产物中硫酸根含量对该工艺的改进有着重要意义。运用超声波40 ℃水浴预处理样品,用离子色谱法测定碳酸锌中的硫酸根离子,取得了满意的效果。该方法的检出限为0.004%,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于3%,加标回收率位于90%~105%,加标实验效果理想。与传统的硫酸钡重量法进行比对试验,测定值吻合较好,并且在分析效率、检出限等方面优于传统的方法。本方法具有测定含量范围宽、分析简便快速、结果准确等优点。 相似文献
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H. H. J. L. Ploegmakers P. A. Moritz P. J. M. M. Toll W. J. van Oort 《Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry》1989,11(3):106-112
A computerized electrochemical detection system for application
after HPLC, provided with a cyclic voltammetric oxidative and
reductive module, is described for the on-line qualitative determination
of electroactive antineoplastic agents and metabolites in urine
samples, collected from cancer patients, following intravenous
administration.The application of two cyclic voltammetric detection modes
provides an insight into both oxidative and reductive electrode
reactions of compounds, passing the detector and the occurrence of
(it)reversible chemical and electrochemical processes at the electrode
surface. In this way, redox properties of drugs and metabolites
characteristic of their molecular structure, can be established, which
may provide information related to their (enzymatic) bioactivation.In the cyclic voltammetric mode, the system permits automatic
detection of a compound in the cell, recording, storage and plotting
of voltammograms and calculation of the retention times, the
half-wave potentials and the peak potentials of each scan of all
individual compounds. For routine use, storage of 68 voltammograms
on-line is sufficient for the analysis of biological samples in
clinical-pharmacological research. Special attention has been paid
to automatic, multi-reference-point component detection.Based on their concentrations in urine, the oxidative cyclic
voltammetric mode, using a glassy carbon electrode, permits the
determination of etoposide and teniposide, whereas the reductive
cyclic voltammetric mode, with a static mercury drop electrode,
permits the determination of adriamycin and its metabolite
adriamycinol. 相似文献
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通过试验计算并讨论水质分析中的方法检出限。得出以下结论:(1)目前关于检出限的计算,主要是根据多次平行测定空白样品的标准偏差来进行计算。(2)以碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法测定水中总氮的检出限计算为例。根据空白值浓度表示的标准偏差来计算,3倍的标准偏差作为该方法的检出限,即0.049 mg/L,达到等于该标准方法所提出的检出限0.05 mg/L。以与扣除空白之后的0.01吸光度所对应的浓度值为检出限,根据各条校准曲线计算出的检出限不同。(3)采用离子色谱法测定水中磷酸盐的检出限为0.002 mg/L,比钼锑抗分光光度法中所提出的检出限(0.01 mg/L)低了1个数量级。 相似文献