坝美外掺MgO混凝土拱坝三维有限元仿真分析

采用二次开发的ANSYS软件，对坝美外掺MgO砼拱坝的施工期和运行蓄水期进行全过程的仿真计算，对其温度场、膨胀场、位移场和应力场计算成果进行了分析，对外掺MgO砼的应力补偿作用进行了分析。     

变温场和恒温场条件下外掺MgO混凝土弹性模量和极限拉伸变形性能的对比研究

外掺MgO砼材料性能指标是坝体设计、应力计算、温控计算、原形观测资料分析时不可缺少的重要参数。以往采用的材料参数是取自恒温试验结果,而大坝是变温场,该文通过对变温场和恒温场条件下外掺MgO砼弹性模量和极限拉伸变形性能的对比试验研究,结合长沙拱坝对外掺MgO砼在变温场和恒温场条件下的弹性模量和极限拉伸变形性能进行了对比试验研究,其试验研究方案、试验方法和数据处理严格按照有关规程规定进行,试验结果准确、规律性好,建立了相应的试验曲线数学公式,理论值与实测值拟合较好,相对误差较小,能为坝体的仿真计算分析提供比较可靠的计算参数。对比分析变温场与恒温场试验研究结果可知,两者的试验参数相一致,即可用恒温场的试验结果来计算变温场的实际材料性能参数。因此,在坝体仿真计算中,外掺MgO砼的力学性能参数可选用恒温条件下的试验结果。最终得出反映客观情况的、可供大坝仿真计算应用的、真实可靠的材料性能参数,对发展MgO砼筑坝技术和加速我国水电工程建设具有十分重大的现实意义。     

外掺MgO砼在变温条件下的膨胀特性试验研究

外掺MgO砼筑坝技术是项新技术,我国应用该技术已成功建成了多座大坝,广东在应用该技术方面已经从重力坝发展到双曲拱坝,长沙拱坝是世界上第一座外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑坝的成功范例。实践证明,应用MgO砼筑坝技术可以节省温控措施、简化施工工艺．缩短工期,技术和经济效益显著。“外掺MgO砼在变温场条件下的膨胀特性试验研究”是广东省水利厅重点科研项目“外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝技术应用研究”课题的关键内容之一,它是MgO砼筑坝技术中设计仿真计算和原形观测资料分析时不可缺少的关键资料。该文介绍了该课题研究的意义、目的、方法及研究成果。     

坝美拱坝MgO掺量的拟定

MgO掺量的拟定是外掺MgO砼不分横缝拱坝的关键技术问题之一。在总结广东省长沙拱坝采用外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝技术成功实践经验的基础上，通过外掺MgO砼试验和仿真分析，拟定了坝美拱坝的MgO掺量并付诸工程实施。本文对坝美拱坝MgO掺量的拟定作了简要的介绍。     

筑坝外掺MgO砼安定掺量标准问题的探讨

外掺MgO砼快速筑坝新技术应用中,有关砼外掺MgO安定掺量标准问题目前尚未有规范或具体指引,工程界同行都十分关注。在此结合广东省水利厅重点科研项目“外掺MgO砼快速筑坝新技术应用研究”课题的研究,阐述了对筑坝外掺MgO砼安定掺量标准探讨的思路、研究的主要内容和方法,介绍了工作进展情况和初步主要成果。     

外掺MgO混凝土配合比的优化选择

优选砼施工配合比是改善砼施工性能，使砼降温收缩变形与MgO微膨胀变形相协调，迭到外掺MgO砼应力补偿设计的效果‘‘保证工程质量的关键措施。广东已建的几个外掺MgO砼筑坝的工程，经过大量试验，在砼施工配合比设计中的原材料、水灰比、坍落度、粗骨抖级配、外加剂品种和砂率的选择、混合材掺量、MgO掺量和外加剂掺量的确定等方面取得一定成果，在此通过总结予以阐述。     

《广东水利水电》2003年总目次

·外掺MgO筑坝技术·“外掺MgO砼快速筑拱坝技术应用研究”课题及研究进展刘振威 ( 2 0 0 3 .2 )考虑变温影响的MgO砼自生体积变形计算李少鹏 ( 2 0 0 3 .2 )MgO微膨胀混凝土自生体积变形模型的初步研究袁明道 ,杨光华 ( 2 0 0 3 .2 )外掺MgO砼快速筑拱坝浇筑模式的探讨 周润棉 ( 2 0 0 3 .2 )不同恒温条件外掺MgO砼基本力学性能的进一步研究陈理达 ,谢立国 ,李红彦 ,等 ( 2 0 0 3 .2 )铜头水电站外掺MgO混凝土的性能研究李承木 ,李晓勇 ( 2 0 0 3 .3 )外掺MgO水泥砂浆配比对压蒸膨胀值的影响陈理达 ,谢立国 ,李红彦 ( 2 0 0 3 .3 )…     

坝美拱坝MgO掺量拟定的一些体会

MgO掺量拟定是外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝的关键技术问题之一，目前尚未有规范和相关指引可循，工程实践经验仍不多。坝美拱坝是广东省第二宗应用外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝技术的工程实践，在此对坝美拱坝MgO掺量拟定作简要介绍，并浅谈一些体会。     

外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝施工初步研究

“外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝施工研究”是广东省水利厅2001年水利科技重点攻关项目“外掺MgO砼快速筑拱坝技术应用研究”课题中的一个子题，研究主要结合广东地区气候特点、地质岩性状况等优化选择适应华南地区(坝高70m左右及以下)的外掺MgO砼不分横缝快速筑拱坝施工方案。涉及的主要内容有：施工配合比优化选择、浇筑方案的优化选择、MgO砼施工均匀性质量控制研究、砼表面保温和养护研究等几方面，在此对研究中间成果作简要阐述。     

外掺MgO砼快速筑拱坝工程效益初析

通过广东省5项拱坝工程实例，分析对比外掺MgO砼快速筑拱坝与常态砼筑拱坝的筑坝技术和施工措施的差异，由此引起施工工期的变化等所带来的工程效益。分析表明外掺MgO砼快速筑坝技术有显著经济效益，值得大力推广应用。     

Tastes associated with products in contact with drinking water.

Over the past 9 years the Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC) has conducted testing in accordance with Australian and New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4020--"Products for use in contact with drinking water" (1999). A test included as part of this standard is taste of water extracts. This test assesses the ability of products to impart discernible taste to drinking water using panellists trained in accordance with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater--Flavour Profile Analysis 2170 B (1999). Over 1000 products from companies worldwide, have been assessed at the AWQC in accordance with AS/NZS 4020 including pipes, valves, tap fittings and numerous other products used in contact with water. The products must not impart any discernible taste to obtain compliance and be deemed suitable for use in contact with drinking water. This study compiles the products assessed and the types of tastes obtained from both chlorinated and non-chlorinated extracts. In particular the study focuses on taste associated with polyethylene pipes, coatings and valves, which in some instances have been problematic. Analysis revealed that most taste problems occur when chlorinated water has been used in extraction experiments and this is in line with consumer complaints regarding taste imparted by plumbing products. The collation of this data provides a valuable assessment for manufacturers, the water industry and consumers.     

大尺度水文模型及其与气候模型的联结耦合研究

本文综述陆地表面水文过程，大尺度水文模型及其与气候模型联结耦合研究的最新进展和存在问题。介绍ＧＥＷＥＸ－ＧＡＭＥ研究项目的目标和内容，科学价值和现实意义及其在我国开展研究的计划。     

不同改性膨润土处理染料废水的实践

钙基膨润土经不同的改性,可用来处理染料废水.分析比较了不同改性后的膨润土处理染料废水的效果.处理效果由强到弱,依次是柱撑酸化膨润土、柱撑膨润土、酸化膨润土、酸化柱撑膨润土、钠化膨润土、钙基膨润土.     

Hydrological daily rainfall-runoff simulation with BTOPMC model and comparison with Xin'anjiang model

A grid-based distributed hydrological model, the Block-wise use of TOPMODEL (BTOPMC), which was developed from the original TOPMODEL, was used for hydrological daily rainfall-runoff simulation. In the BTOPMC model, the runoff is explicitly calculated on a cell-by-cell basis, and the Muskingum-Cunge flow concentration method is used. In order to test the model's applicability, the BTOPMC model and the Xin'anjiang model were applied to the simulation of a humid watershed and a semi-humid to semi-arid watershed in China. The model parameters were optimized with the Shuffle Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) method. Results show that both models can effectively simulate the daily hydrograph in humid watersheds, but that the BTOPMC model performs poorly in semi-humid to semi-arid watersheds. The excess-infiltration mechanism should be incorporated into the BTOPMC model to broaden the model's applicability.     

Coping with Hydrological Extremes

Abstract

Coping with hydrological extremes, floods, and droughts has been a major concern since the dawn of human civilization. Freshwater, a necessary condition of life and a raw material used in very high volumes in virtually every human activity, is becoming increasingly scarce. Water use has risen considerably in the last hundred years at a pace exceeding the population growth. Therefore, societies are increasingly vulnerable to droughts and water deficits. Although the 21st century is heralded as the age of water scarcity, flood losses continue to grow. Increasing global vulnerability results to a large extent from soaring anthropopressure: settlements in hazardous locations and adverse land use changes. Deforestation and urbanization lead to reduction of the storage volume and higher values of runoff coefficient. In more wealthy countries, it is the material flood losses that continue to grow, while the number of fatalities goes down. Advanced flood preparedness systems can save lives and reduce human suffering. In some regions of the world, long-term forecasts (e.g., ENSO) help improve the preparedness for hydrological extremes, both floods and droughts, and hopefully will even more so in the future. Scenarios for future climate indicate the possibility of sharpening the extremes and changes of their seasonality. For instance, in Western Scotland and Norway, an increase of winter floods has already been observed. According to recent assessments, there is a growing risk of summer droughts in the Mediterranean region: less precipitation in summer and higher temperature will coincide, causing higher evapo-transpiration and less runoff. Fighting with floods and droughts has not been quite successful. Humans have to get used to the fact that extreme hydrological events are natural phenomena that will continue to occur. While doing one's best to improve the preparedness systems, it is necessary to learn to live with hydrological extremes.     

Spillway with nappe aeration

Conclusion Investigations showed that aeration of the flow by jump-off aerators is a simple, reliable, and economic means of protecting the overflow surface against cavitation erosion or suppressing it on an operating structure. Flow aeration can be regulated by the size of the jump-off aerators and change of the capacity of the air-supply system. Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 16–20, May, 1973.     

只以今生续画缘

此生能够画画并以此为业,可算是与画有缘。对画画感兴趣可能是大多孩子的爱好。余少时亦能在乡贤教诲下描摹动物、鞍马、人物,那也只不过是一种儿时的游戏。延伸下来慢慢地竟成了养家糊口安身立命的职业,可以说这真的是一种幸运,可谓与画有缘。