可逆型示温涂料的研制

采用醇酸漆漆漆基，变色颜料，价廉、易得的叶蜡石填料和二甲苯溶剂，制得可逆型示温少料。介绍了该涂的变色原理和制法。通过正交试验，讨论了变色颜料、漆基和填料的用量，以及涂层厚度和恒温时间对涂料变色温度的影响。     

低温可逆示温涂料及性能的研究

介绍了以Ag2HgI4为变色颜料,不同的无机材料作为填料,研制成低温可逆示温涂料的工艺流程;通过该系列示温涂料的变色温度、复色时间等性能实验,探讨了不同类型的填料对示温涂料性能的影响,并确定了最佳配方。     

新型Ag_mCu_nHgI_4可逆热致变色颜料的研究

将Cu(NO3 ) 2 和AgNO3 溶液以不同比例同时加入K2 HgI4水溶液中合成了系列AgmCunHgI4(m +n =2 )可逆热致变色颜料。研究发现 :随着Ag和Cu比例的改变 ,颜料变色温度呈现出一定的变化规律 ;当m和n的比例接近 1∶1时 ,变色温度达到最低 35℃ ;降低环境温度 ,可以缩短产品的复色时间 ;差示扫描量热分析 (DSC)图谱中颜料的相变温度与目测变色温度表现出相同的规律性。在分析AgmCunHgI4颜料变色机理的基础上 ,结合晶体微观结构 ,推测得出晶体的微观对称性越低 ,颜料的变色温度越低的结论     

含钴低温可逆示温涂料的研究

采用钴盐作为变色材料,无机金属材料作为填料,研制成低温可逆变色涂料,通过对填料选择,变色温度,复色时间的试验及涂料性能的检测,确定最佳涂料配方。     

水性低温可逆示温涂料的研究

采用钴盐(CoCl2@2C6H12N4@10H20和CoCl2@6H2O)为变色颜料,改性PVF-Na2SiO3复合物为成膜物,无机非金属材料为填料,研制成水性低温可逆示温涂料.介绍了该涂料的变色机理和制备工艺流程.通过对变色温度和恢复原有颜色的时间,以及涂料性能的检测,确定了涂料的最佳配方.     

结晶紫-硼酸复配物的固相合成及其热变色性能

采用固相法合成了结晶紫-硼酸系列可逆热致变色颜料。研究结果表明,m(结晶紫)∶m(硼酸)=1∶(200～600),研制的颜料在60～65℃时由紫红色开始变为蓝色,加热到95～100℃时变为黄色,冷却时恢复为紫红色,复色时间小于3min。重复进行20次实验,颜料的色泽、变色温度和复色时间保持不变。还研究了MgO、Al2O3、硅藻土、硅胶、CaCO3等无机填料对颜料变色性能的影响,结果表明:以Al2O3和硅胶为填料,m(结晶紫)∶m(硼酸)∶m(填料)=1∶200∶(100～200),颜料的两个变色温度降低到56℃和85℃,复色时间为105s。DSC检测颜料的热变色过程得出:该系列变色颜料在40～60℃、100～130℃、130～150℃出现3个吸热峰。     

银镀层抗变色能力测定方法效果的探讨

通过大量试验,对测定银镀层抗变色能力的试验方法,如:Na2S溶液浸渍试验、H2S气氛暴露试验、电镀车间气氛中日光照射下的暴露试验以及紫外线照射下的暴露试验等进行了分析比较,并对这几种方法的效果分别进行了探讨。结果表明,在试验温度为(40±2)℃、w(H2S)为(3×10-4)%的H2S气氛中测定银镀层变色能力与自然界腐蚀变色情况最接近,且易操作,结果稳定及重现性好,是比较理想的测定银镀层抗变色能力的方法。     

结晶紫-硼酸体系的热变色性能研究

选用羧酸类溶剂,采用固相法合成了结晶紫-硼酸系列可逆热致变色材料。考察了结晶紫和硼酸的配比、羧酸类溶剂的种类与用量以及环境温度对其热变色性能的影响。结果表明:以草酸为溶剂时,m(结晶紫)∶m(硼酸)∶m(草酸)=1∶350∶100时,颜料变色敏锐,变色温度降低到58℃,复色时间为16s,可逆性好;以丙二酸为溶剂时,m(结晶紫)∶m(硼酸)∶m(丙二酸)=1∶350∶1000时,颜料加热到68℃时,开始由浅绿色逐渐变为浅黄色,颜料色彩鲜艳,变色敏锐,复色时间仅为8s,可逆性好。DSC检测颜料的热变色过程发现2个样品在55～75℃之间都有很大的吸热峰。     

固相法合成孔雀石绿-硼酸复配物及其热变色性能的研究

采用固相法合成了孔雀石绿-硼酸系列可逆热致变色颜料。考察了孔雀石绿和硼酸的配比、无机填料的种类与用量以及环境温度对热变色性能的影响。结果表明：孔雀石绿和硼酸的质量比例在1：(100～400)范围内，颜料在85℃时开始由兰绿色变为黄绿色，加热到110℃时全部变为黄色，冷却时恢复原色，复色时间小于3min；以Al2O3为填料，m(孔雀石绿)：m(硼酸)：m(填料)=1：100：(100～200)，颜料变色敏锐，变色温度降低到75℃，复色时间为小于70s。降低环境温度可以减少复色时间。DSC检测颜料的热变色过程发现70～80℃开始吸热。100～110℃吸热峰达到最大值。     

低温可逆示温涂料的研究

采用镍盐（ＮｉＣｌ２·２Ｃ６Ｈ１２Ｎ４·１０Ｈ２Ｏ） 作为变色物质,无机非金属材料（ＳｉＯ２ 、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 粉末）作为填料,研制成低温可逆示温涂料。介绍了该示温涂料的工艺流程。通过填料选择,变色温度、复色时间的试验,以及涂料的性能检测,确定了最佳的涂料配方     

Differences in color naming and color salience in Vietnamese and English

The accepted model of color naming postulates that 11 “basic” color terms representing 11 common perceptual experiences show increased processing salience due to a theorized linkage between perception, visual neurophysiology, and cognition. We tested this theory, originally proposed by Berlin and Kay in 1969. Experiment 1 tested salience by comparing unconstrained color naming across two languages, English and Vietnamese. Results were compared with previous research by Berlin and Kay, Boynton and Olson, and colleagues. Experiment 2 validated our stimuli by comparing OSA, Munsell, and newly rendered “basic” exemplars using colorimetry and behavioral measures. Our results show that the relationship between the visual and verbal domains is more complex than current theory acknowledges. An interpoint distance model of color‐naming behavior is proposed as an alternative perspective on color‐naming universality and color‐category structure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 113–138, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10131     

Measurement of memory of color

Colors produced by monochromatic wavelengths of light viewed in isolation have been used as the only visual variables in short‐term delayed matching (DM) and long‐term recall (LTR) protocols to quantify three types of color memory in individuals with normal color vision. Measurements were normally distributed, so that color memories of individuals could be compared in terms of means and standard deviations. The variance of LTR of colors of familiar objects is shown to be separable into two portions, one due to “preferred colors” and the other due to individuals' precisions of matching. The wavelength dependence of DM exhibited minima of standard deviations at the same wavelengths as those reported for color discrimination measured by bipartite wavelength matching, and these wavelengths were shown to occur at the wavelengths of the intersections of cone spectral sensitivities. In an intermediate “green” region of relatively constant color discrimination, it was possible to combine DM measurements for different wavelengths for statistical analysis. The standard deviations of DM for individuals of a healthy population were normally distributed, providing a 95% upper confidence limit for identifying individuals with possible short‐term memory impairment. Preliminary measurements of standard deviations of DM for delay times of ≤ 1 s were consistent with a proposed rapidly decaying color imagery memory. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 233–242, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10067     

Research on color harmony of building façades

In this study, the 28 primary colors and 11 complementary colors suggested by Chang et al in their investigation on building colors in Wanhua District of Taipei City were taken as color samples. The two-color combination mode was adopted to obtain 308 simulation photos, and two-color harmony was discussed from the perspective of visual evaluation using psychophysical tests. This study explored building façade color harmony in the CIELAB color space, and the relationship between the color attributes (hue, lightness, and chroma) and the color harmony, and between the differences of the color attributes and color harmony. It found that a high lightness of a building's primary color is associated with a high level of building color harmony, while the color harmony is reduced when the color falls in the green or blue sector in the CIELAB color space; a greater lightness difference between building façade colors is associated with a higher level of building color harmony, while the colors are disharmonized when they tend to the blue sector in the CIELAB color space. The contribution of this study is to summarize the principles for the application of building color harmony in urban renewal, and proposed suggestions on building color harmony in the urban renewal process.     

Effects of hue,saturation, and brightness on preference

A study was done to investigate preference responses for foreground–background color relationships. To do this, 123 university undergraduates in Ankara, Turkey, were asked to view eight background colors selected from HSB color space on which color squares of differing hues, saturations, and brightnesses were presented. Subjects were asked to show the color square they preferred on the presented background color. Findings showed that colors having maximum saturation and brightness were most preferred. Blue was the most preferred hue regardless of background. The findings for preferences for foreground–background color relationships are also included in this article. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 199–207, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10051     

Color appearance and color connotation models for unrelated colors

The purpose of this research is to investigate the color appearance and color connotation of unrelated colors. To investigate color appearance (i.e., brightness, colorfulness, and hue) for unrelated colors, 22 observers have answered their color appearance for 50 unrelated color stimuli using the magnitude estimation method. Perceptual data obtained by the experiment is compared with the color attributes data estimated by unrelated‐color appearance models, CAM97u and CAM02u. It is found that both models perform reasonably well but the performance of CAM02u is better than that of CAM97u. For investigating color connotation for unrelated colors, 32 observers have judged their color connotation for the 50 unrelated color stimuli using the 10 color connotation scales (i.e., “Warm – Cool,” “Heavy – Light,” “Modern – Classical,” “Clean – Dirty,” “Active – Passive,” “Hard – Soft,” Tense – Relaxed,” “Fresh – Stale,” “Masculine – feminine,” and “like – Dislike”), and semantic differential method is used for measurement. It is found that the color connotation models developed for related colors perform poorly for unrelated colors. Experimental results indicate that brightness attribute is confusing to estimate and does not affect color connotation significantly for unrelated colors. Based on the psychophysical data, new models for “Warm‐Cool”, “Heavy‐Light”, “Active‐Passive” and “Hard‐Soft” were proposed using CAM02u hue, brightness, and colorfulness. Color connotations for unrelated colors are classified into three categories, which “Color solidity,” “Color heat,” and “Color purity.” © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 40–49, 2015     

The total colorant sensitivity of a color matching recipe: An approach to colorant weighting and tinctorial strength errors

The repeatability of the recipe color can be affected by several different types of inevitable inaccuracies in the coloration process. Two of the major causes of poor target‐color reproducibility are the (random) weighing and (proportional) strength errors. This article describes alternative definitions of colorant strength sensitivity and total colorant sensitivity of a dyeing recipe. The influences of the maximal colorant weighing and strength errors are taken into account in order to bring the magnitudes of the two treated types of sensitivity into a mutually realistic balance between each other. The quantifications of precision and accuracy of a color matching recipe are also developed and combined into a single‐number measure of recipe quality. The listed quantities are expected to be useful in selecting the most reliable one(s) among the different formulations for the same standard color. The methods are presented for calculating numerical estimates of the newly introduced quantities. The precision and accuracy of the coloration process are investigated in laboratory experiments involving repeated dyeings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 300–306, 2008.     

Assessing the color of red wine like a taster's eye

Color of 33 commercial red wines and five‐color reference wines was measured in the same conditions in which visual color assessment is done by wine tasters. Measurements were performed in the two distinctive regions, center and rim, which are the regions assessed by wine tasters when the wine sampler is tilted. Commercial wines were classified into five color categories using the color specifications in their taste cards. The five color categories describe the spread of red hues found in red wines from the violet to brown nuances. The performance of CIELAB color coordinates in terms of their ability to reproduce the observed classification has been established using discriminant analysis. The CIELAB hue angle, h_ab, measured in the rim, where wine thickness is of the order of few millimeters, gives the best results classifying correctly 71.1% of the samples. Classification results are not significantly improved when additional color coordinates are considered. Moreover, ΔE* color differences with color reference wines do not provide good classification results. The analysis of reference and commercial wines supports the fact that hue is the main factor in the classification done by wine tasters. This is reinforced by the linear correlation found between h_ab in the rim and the wine age (R² = 0.795) in accordance with the fact that wines change their hues from violet to brown tints with ageing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 153–162, 2009     

Experimental determination of laws of color harmony. Part 2: Harmony content of different monochrome color pairs

In 1956, we came to the decision at the Budapest Technical University to start large scale experiments on color harmony. The experiments and the processing of the experimental results have been completed in 2006, after 50 years of research work. The focal point of the experiments published in the current article has been the practical experience that the span of intervals between saturations and brightnesses of the compositions influence the harmony content of the composition, namely they determine in what extent we perceive the color composition as a harmonic one. Within the framework of experiments compositions have been shown to the participants, first those consisting of color pairs featuring the same hues and saturations but different brightnesses then those consisting of the same hues and brightnesses but different saturations. The method of experiments consisted of comparisons in pairs. There were 780 compositions prepared for the tests. The number of elementary observations during the tests comprised 544 000. It has been established that the variation of harmony content as a function of brightness‐ and saturation‐intervals could be described by a harmony function. It has been established that the variation of harmony content depending on brightness‐intervals is not, but that of depending on saturation intervals is being influenced by the hues of colors of the color pair in the composition. It has been established that in case of compositions with the maximum harmony content the interval of brightnesses of the colors making the color pair in each case gives d30V (d9Y), the interval of saturations gives d30T or is near to it. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 262–270, 2008.     

建筑涂料色彩的设计方法研究——基于中国颜色体系国家标准

介绍了中国颜色体系国家标准,以及中国颜色体系国家标准在建筑涂料色彩应用中的设计方法、未来建筑涂料色彩的发展趋势等。