16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的临床实用价值

目的评价16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的临床实用价值.方法回顾本院48例16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影,利用多种方法重建、分析冠状动脉的成像质量及其显示率,其中7例中度以上狭窄与选择性冠状动脉造影作对照分析.结果冠状动脉成像清晰度优33.33%(16/48),良56.25%(27/48),差10.42%(5/48);总优良率89.58%.冠状动脉主要血管分支显示率右冠状动脉近段100%(48/48)、中段95.83%(46/48)、远段75%(36/48);锐缘支81.25%(39/48);左冠状动脉主干100%(48/48);左前降支近段100%(48/48)、中段93.75%(45/48)、远段72.92%(35/48);对角支95.83%(46/48);回旋支近段100%(48/48)、远段83.33%(40/48);钝缘支89.58%(43/48).发现钙化13例,管腔内充盈缺损3例,管腔中度以上狭窄7例,支架通畅7个(1个支架内再狭窄),桥血管通畅2例.7例中度以上狭窄患者随访外院选择性冠状动脉造影均有冠状动脉狭窄.结论16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影是一种安全的、无创的冠状动脉成像方法,具有显著的临床实用价值.     

急性前壁心肌梗死患者心电图表现与冠脉造影对比研究

目的分析急性前壁心肌梗死的梗死相关血管特点和心电图分布特征,为临床判断冠状动脉病变部位提供线索。方法经冠状动脉造影证实为单支血管病变的142例初发急性前壁心肌梗死患者,根据心电图表现分为四组。比较各组间梗死相关动脉的病变特点。结果单纯前壁心肌梗死的犯罪血管病变82%(3644)在前降支中段,前壁心肌梗死合并下壁导联ST段压低的犯罪血管病变80%(2430)在前降支近段,前壁心肌梗死合并下壁导联ST段抬高者,犯罪病变54%(2037)在右冠状动脉,46%(1737)在左前降支,广泛前壁心肌梗死的犯罪病变主要在前降支近段85%(2327),P<0.001;前壁心肌梗死是否合并下壁导联ST段偏移,其血管病变程度与侧支循环建立相近,均好于广泛前壁心肌梗死患者。结论根据心肌梗死时心电图异常的分布特点,可以推测急性前壁心肌梗死病变的部位,良好的侧支循环有助于限制梗死面积。     

血脂水平与冠状动脉慢性闭塞性病变侧支循环关系的研究

目的探讨血脂水平与冠状动脉慢性闭塞性病变侧支循环的关系。方法选取我院2013年7月至2015年6月收治的经冠状动脉造影诊断为冠状动脉慢性闭塞性病变的78例患者,对其进行Rentrop分级(Rentrop≤1级为不良冠脉侧支循环,Rentrop≥2级为良好冠脉侧支循环),分为不良循环组(31例)和良好循环组(47例)。分析血脂水平与侧支循环形成的关系。结果不良循环组的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和甘油三脂(TG)水平均高于良好循环组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血浆TC、LDL-C和TG水平可影响冠状动脉慢性闭塞性病变患者的侧支循环形成,HDL-C水平对侧支循环形成无显著影响。     

急性前壁心梗心电图与梗死相关血管的关系

目的 探讨ST段抬高型急性前壁心肌梗塞(AAMI)心电图改变与梗死相关冠状动脉(IRA)的关系.方法 对84例经冠状动脉造影(CAG)证实的ST段抬高型AAMI患者的体表心电图进行回顾性分析.结果 AAMI有I、AVL导联ST段抬高,Ⅲ、AVF下移.闭塞部位多在左前降支(LAD)近段或远段并第一对角支病变,其敏感性、特异性分别为67.6％和84.0％.AAMI伴有Ⅱ、Ⅲ、AVF导联ST段抬高者,病变血管多见于LAD近段、中段合并左回旋支(LCX)或LAD远段,其敏感性为61.5％,特异性为97.5％.结论 心电图可用于初步判断ST段抬高型AAMI患者,并与动脉血管闭塞部位有相关性,对临床有重要的参考价值.     

探究经胸超声心动图无创检测冠状动脉狭窄的价值

目的 探究经胸超声心动图无创检测冠状动脉狭窄的可行性及其价值。方法 本研究纳入自2020年2月-2021年6月在西安医学院第一附属医院先后接受经胸超声心动图检查和经皮冠状动脉造影术检查评估冠状动脉狭窄部位及程度的32例心绞痛患者,研究对比经胸超声心动图检测冠状动脉狭窄的显示率及准确性。结果 与冠状动脉造影术相比,经胸超声心动图对冠状动脉左主干显示率为100%,前降支近段、中段、远段显示率分别为100%、75.00%、6.25%,右冠状动脉近段、中段、远段显示率分别为61.54%、16.67%、40%,回旋支近段和远段显示率为12.50%、22.22%。本研究中经胸超声心动图评估冠状动脉狭窄的准确性对于左主干及右冠状动脉近段可达到100%,前降支近段及中段的准确性分别为50%和41.67%。结论 经胸超声心动图能比较准确地评估冠状动脉近段的狭窄,可用于初步评估冠状动脉狭窄的部位和程度。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查对心肌桥诊断的应用价值

目的：探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（CTA）检查对心肌桥诊断的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析300例冠状动脉CTA患者,评估心肌桥的发生率、位置、长度、心肌厚度及壁冠状动脉近段和远段血管的形态。结果：心肌桥共检出82例（95段）,检出率为27．3％,发生在前降支中段73处,占79-3％（73／95）,心肌桥厚度为0．4-11．2mm,平均厚度为1．7mm,壁冠状动脉长度为13mm-52mm,平均22mm。结论：64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像能清晰准确显示壁冠状动脉与心肌的解剖关系,对心肌桥的检出率高,是确诊心肌桥的首选检查方法。     

37例冠状动脉心肌桥临床分析

目的分析心肌桥患者的临床特点、随访和治疗情况。方法37例心肌桥患者采用Judkins法行选择性冠脉造影术，以收缩期冠脉管腔受压狭窄及舒张期恢复或接近正常为心肌桥存在的依据。结果心肌桥位于左前降支近段者4例，左前降支中段者24例，左前降支远段者7例，各有1例位于左回旋支中段和右冠脉远段；狭窄程度为25％-85％。结论冠脉造影是诊断心肌桥的可靠方法，心肌桥多表现为非典型心绞痛症状，药物治疗效果满意，预后良好。     

高纤维蛋白原血症致冠脉Cypher支架内反复血栓形成1例报告

1　病例介绍患者 ,男 ,67岁。因上腹部疼痛 10d ,加重 3d入院。入院当天确诊为急性广泛前壁、高侧壁心肌梗塞。立即行介入检查及治疗。冠状动脉造影 (CAG)示 :LM (左主干 ) (-) ,左前降支(LAD)近中段长段弥漫性病变 ,最重处 95 %狭窄 ,TimiⅡ级。回旋支 (Lcx)近段 3 0 %狭窄。第二钝缘支 (OM2 )近段弥漫性病变 ,90 %狭窄 ,TimiⅢ级。右冠脉 (RCA)中段限局性偏心病变 ,狭窄 70 % ,TimiⅢ级。行经皮冠脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)及支架植入术 (ICS术 )治疗。于LAD病变严重处分别植入 2 5mm× 2 3mm、2 75mm× 3 3mmCypher支架 2枚。于O…     

ST段抬高型心肌梗塞患者血小板淋巴细胞比率与左冠状动脉前降支病变位置的关系研究

目的研究ST段抬高型心肌梗塞患者血小板淋巴细胞比率(platelet to lymphocyte ratio, PLR)与左冠状动脉前降支病变位置的关系。方法纳入2014年9月-2016年8月在本院就诊的57例急性前壁心肌梗塞患者,根据冠脉造影检查结果将患者分为前降支近段狭窄组(近段组)和前降支中段狭窄组(中段组),统计分析PLR与其他计量资料之间的关系。结果近段组患者PLR值显著高于中段组患者(P=0.009),左室射血分数显著低于中段组患者(P0.01)。PLR与心肌损伤标志物CK-MB和cTnI呈正相关(r值分别为0.314、0.287,P0.05),与左室射血分数呈负相关(r=-0.269,P=0.036)。结论 PLR值可用于预测急性前壁心肌梗塞患者左冠状动脉前降支狭窄的位置,PLR值大预示心肌梗塞患者左冠状动脉前降支近段狭窄。     

分析动态心电图ST段偏移对冠心病诊断的意义

目的：参照冠状动脉造影，探讨动态心电图（Hotel）对冠心病诊断的价值。方法：总结和分析48例冠状动脉造影阳性患者的动态心电图ST段偏移情况。结果：Hotel在单支、双支和多支病变的阳性率分别是78．3％、69、2％和66．7％。在单支病变中，右冠支、左前降支、回旋支的Hotel阳性率分别为100％、88．2％、0。ST段下移≥2mm，在多支、双支和单支病变中，阳性率分别为87．5％、38．9％和33．3％，其病变血管狭窄范围均大于75％以上。结论：动态心电图ST段偏移与冠状动脉造影不一定呈平行关系，但Hotel在单支病变检测中对右冠支病变的阳性检出率达100％，左前降支为88．2％，没有检出回旋支；ST段下移越大，其病变血管狭窄越严重，累计范围越广。     

57例冠状动脉慢性完全闭死病变的冠状动脉介入治疗分析

目的探讨冠状动脉慢性完全闭死病变(CTO)的临床特点。方法对825例冠状动脉造影患者中的57例CTO病变患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),并对其临床资料进行统计分析。结果57例患者中,单支病变11例,双支病变29例,三支病变17例。在70支病变血管中,无前向血流通过44支,少量血流通过26支;前降支病变32支,回旋支病变16支,右冠状动脉病变22支;闭死时间≤3个月41支,>3个月29支;闭死长度≤20 mm43支,>20 mm27支;闭死末端形态呈鼠尾状42支,呈刀切状28支;70支完全闭死血管成功植入支架57支,PCI成功率81.4%。结论对心肌梗死患者尤其是合并糖尿病的男性患者,早期进行冠状动脉造影,选择适当的病例及病变,对预防CTO形成及提高PCI成功率具有积极的作用。     

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图ST段变化与梗死相关动脉及定位关系分析

目的 通过急性下壁心肌梗死心电图不同导联ST段变化与冠状动脉造影的对比研究,确定梗死相关动脉及定位.方法 64例急性下壁心肌梗死患者按冠状动脉造影结果分为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞组(51例)与左回旋支动脉(LCX)闭塞组(13例);按病变发生位置,RCA闭塞组又分为近段、中段、远段闭塞,LCX闭塞组又分为近段、远段闭塞.记录各组STⅢ抬高＞STⅡ、STaVL下移＞STⅠ、STV1有无下移、STV7-V9及STV3R～V5R有无抬高等情况,并进行比较.结果 RCA闭塞组STⅢ抬高＞STⅡ、STaVL下移＞STⅠ、STV1无下移、STV7-V9无抬高以及STV3R-V5R抬高比率明显高于LCX闭塞组(P＜0.01或＜0.05);LCX闭塞组STⅢ抬高≤STⅡ、STaVL下移≤STⅠ、STV1下移、STV7～V9抬高、STV3R～V5R无抬高比率明显高于RCA闭塞组(P＜0.01或＜0.05).判断RCA闭塞为梗死相关动脉时,STⅢ抬高＞STⅡ、STaVL下移＞STⅠ、STV1无下移的灵敏度分别为90.2%、80.4%、80.4%;STⅢ抬高＞STⅡ、STaVL下移＞STⅠ的特异度分别为84.6%、84.6%,均高于80.0%;STV3R～V5R抬高虽然灵敏度只有51.0%,但特异度高达100.0%;判断LCX闭塞为梗死相关动脉时,STⅢ抬高≤STⅡ、STaVL下移≤STⅠ的灵敏度分别为84.6%、84.6%,特异度分别为90.2%、80.4%;STV1下移与STV7-V9抬高的特异度分别为80.4%、78.4%;STV3R-V5R无抬高的灵敏度为100.0%,特异度为51.0%.RCA闭塞组近段闭塞STV3R～V5R抬高比率高于远段闭塞[76.9%(10/13)比27.3%(3/11),P=0.015].结论 心电图Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVL、V1、V7～V9、V3R～V5R导联ST段的表现,可以初步判断急性下壁心肌梗死的梗死相关动脉;而V3R～V5R导联ST段的抬高对于判断RCA的近段或远段闭塞有意义.

Abstract：

Objective To predict the infarction of related artery(IRA)and the site of occlusion by analyzing the diversify of electrocardiographic ST segment and coronary angiography findings in acute inferior myocardial infarction. Methods Sixty-four patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction were divided into two groups by coronary angiography: right coronary artery(RCA)occlusion group(51 patients)and left circumflex coronary artery(LCX)occlusion group(13 patients). RCA occlusion group included proximal,middle and distal components occlusion, and LCX occlusion group included proximal and distal components occlusion. The cases of STⅢ elevation ＞ ST Ⅱ ,STaVL depression ＞ STⅠ ,STV1 depression,STV7-V9 and STV3R-V5R elevation were recorded and compared. Results The percentage of STⅢ elevation ＞ STⅡ, STaVL depression ＞STⅠ, STV1 no depression, STV7-V9 no elevation and STV3R-V5R elevation was significantly higher in RCA occlusion group than those in LCX occlusion group(P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05). The percentage of ST Ⅲ elevation ≤ ST Ⅱ, ST,VL depression ≤STⅠ ,STV1 depression,STV7-V9 elevation,STV3R-V5R no elevation was significantly higher in LCX occlusion group than those in RCA occlusion group(P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05). In RCA occlusion group:the sensitivity of STⅢ elevation ＞ STⅡ, STaVL depression ＞ STⅠ and STV1 no depression was 90.2%, 80.4% and 80.4%;the specificity of STⅢ elevation ＞ STⅢ and STaVL depression ＞ STⅠwas 84.6% and 84.6% ;the sensitivity of STV3R-V5R elevation was 51.0%, but its specificity was 100.0%. In LCX occlusion group: the sensitivity of STⅢ elevation ≤ ST Ⅲ and STaVL depression ≤ ST Ⅰ was 84.6% and 84.6%, and their specificity was 90.2% and 80.4%;the specificity of STV1 depression and STV7-V9 elevation was 80.4% and 78.4%; the sensitivity of STV3R-V5R no elevation was 100.0% ,and its specificity was 51.0%. In RCA occlusion group, the percentage of STV3R-V5Relevation was higher in proximal components occlusion than that in distal components occlusion[76.9%(10/13)vs. 27.3%(3/11),P=0.015]. Conclusions The IRA can be initially judged by analysis of the characteristics in the ST segment in Ⅰ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,aVL,V1,V7-V9,V3R-V5R lead in acute inferior myocardial infarction. And the ST segment elevation in V3R-V5R is meaningful in the judgment of proximal and distal components occlusion in RCA.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用价值。方法:100例临床诊断可疑冠心病患者进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像,男性65例,女性35例,年龄35～78岁,平均年龄56.5岁。回顾性心电门控增强扫描,利用多层面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现技术(VRT)重组图像,判定冠状动脉病变情况,并与DSA对照。结果:100例患者中,左前降支、左旋支、右冠状动脉重组像评价图像质量,在心率<70次/min时,左前降支、左旋支、右冠状动脉显示较好且能满足影像学评价。MPR、MIP及VRT重组像能显示冠状动脉的所有1级、大部分2、3级以及部分4级分支。64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像评价≥50%,冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性为94.0%,特异性为94.0%,符合率79.0%。结论:64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像是一种无创、快速的成像方法,在多数情况下能较好地显示冠状动脉,可以做为冠状动脉病变的筛选方法。     

Noninvasive imaging of the proximal coronary arteries by transesophageal echocardiography]

Authors give an account of their experiences about the visualization of the proximal coronary arteries on the basis of the transesophageal echocardiographic examination of 45 patients. According to their observations the left main coronary artery, the bifurcation, the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex coronary artery were well visualized in 40 patients. With the help of pulsed Doppler-echocardiography the Doppler flow velocity spectrum of the coronary flow can be detected, which could be analysed in 25 patients. At the same time the visualization of the right coronary artery is less sensitive, valuable images could be detected only in 12 patients. The technique of the TEE visualization of the proximal coronary arteries is described. TEE seems to be a promising approach to the morphologic evaluation of the proximal coronary arteries and for functional pathophysiologic examinations of coronary blood-flow.     

川崎病冠状动脉瘤的双源CT诊断应用及与超声心动图的对比研究

目的:探讨双源CT在川崎病冠状动脉瘤的诊断价值,并与超声心动图检查结果进行对比分析。方法:回顾性分析某院2008年3月至2010年7月临床确诊50例川崎病患者的双源CT影像资料,观察冠状动脉瘤好发部位、扩张程度以及冠状动脉瘤的形态、大小、位置和数目,对于超声心动图检查的影像资料进行对比分析。结果:50例患者中双源CT共检出116个瘤体,近段瘤体共计56个,发现率为48.28%;中段瘤体共计36个,发现率为31.03%;远段瘤体共计14个,发现率为13.79%;前降支瘤体共计40个,发现率为34.48%;回旋支瘤体共计12个,发现率为10.34%;右冠支瘤体共计58个,发现率为50%;左主干瘤体共计6个,发现率为5.17%;其中瘤体内附壁血栓共24个。超声心动图共检出42个瘤体,漏诊6例。结论:双源CT可显示冠状动脉全程支段,对于瘤体数量、位置、大小、瘤体内钙化或血栓检出率均高于超声心动图,因超声心动图具有安全、简便、费用低、可靠的优势,重复动态观察冠状动脉扩张及其演变的全过程可用于初步的筛查,如两者结合检查,诊断准确率可明显提高,可作为治疗随访的最佳手段。     

Coronary reoperation through left thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass: 3 case reports

With the increasing number of patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting, the incidence of reoperative coronary grafting is also increasing. Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with morbidity and mortality rates greater than those of primary coronary operations. Left thoracotomy can provide access for reoperation when repeat median sternotomy is extremely dangerous. Coronary artery grafting on a beating heart and via left thoracotomy can be a good alternative strategy when redo coronary surgery is necessary in the circumflex or left anterior descending territories.     

A hazardous finding of a rare anomalous left main coronary artery in a patient with a secundum atrial septal defect

A 23-year-old male referred for evaluation of a "choking" sensation with exertion and a murmur. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated right atrial and ventricular dilatation, right ventricular volume overload, and a large secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with left to right shunt and a calculated pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) estimated at 2.3 to 1. Cardiac catheterization also demonstrated evidence of the ASD with Qp/Qs of 4.6 to 1 with a significant step-up in oxygen saturation at the right atrial level. Additionally, an anomalous left main coronary artery (ALMCA) origin from the anterior right coronary cusp was suspected. Using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (CCTA) the left main coronary artery was seen to arise from the right coronary cusp then traverse between the pulmonary trunk and the proximal ascending aorta before bifurcating into the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries that followed their normal courses distally. Based on the high risk nature of associated sudden death from an anomalous left main coronary artery (ALMCA) coursing between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, the patient underwent surgical re-implantation of the ALMCA to the left coronary cusp and repair of the ASD. This case highlights a rare finding of a hazardous ALMCA in a patient with a secundum ASD and the utility of CCTA in evaluating the course of coronary anomalies along with other cardiac pathology.     

Left coronaroventricular microfistula

Left coronaroventricular microfistulae is a rare malformation. The authors report 11 cases of microfistulae between coronary arteries and left ventricle diagnosed by coronary arteriographies. These cases include 6 men and 5 women. Patient's mean age was 54.4 years. The symptoms were suggestive of coronary pathology. The ECG showed myocardial ischemia signs in 5 cases. The other patients had a positive exercise-test. Microfistulae originated from the left anterior descending artery were seen in 5 cases, from the right coronary artery in 2 cases, from the circumflex in 1 case and from the lateral artery in 1 case. The microfistulae originated from both left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery were observed in 2 patients. The main mechanism of myocardial ischemia seems to be related to the coronary steal phenomenon. The diagnosis of the microfistulae is based on coronary arteriography with late recorder angiographic images. The treatment is essentially medical. Surgical and transcatheter treatments are exceptional and must be considered in only severe forms with refractory medical treatment.     

Coronary artery dissection in the postpartum period--a case study

Spontaneous coronary dissection is a rare condition occurring more often in women, with a higher frequency during the peripartum period. No specific aetiology has been defined to this uncommon, but often fatal disease. We describe the case of a young woman admitted to our intensive care unit with ECG-findings of acute anterior myocardial infarction presented one week after delivery. The acute coronary angiography didn't show significant stenoses or occlusion, therefore angioplasty was not done. Cardiogenic shock developed, which could be reverted by mechanical circulatory support and the condition of our patient stabilized. Later, new-onset cardiac ischemic signs presented warranting a repeated coronary angiography, which detected dissection on the distal part of the left main coronary artery with signs of flow-limiting even in the circumflex artery. Therefore, urgent coronary bypass surgery was performed with good results. Spontaneous coronary dissection must be considered when evaluating a patient in the peripartum period with signs of acute coronary syndrome, given its high overall mortality. The treatment holds specific points of consideration.     

全胸腔镜非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的动物实验研究

目的研究全胸腔镜非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的可行性。方法家猪8头,体重35⁴5kg,在双侧胸壁打孔,取双侧乳内动脉。将左侧乳内动脉旁路移植至前降支,右侧乳内动脉旁路移植至右冠状动脉。结果 8头实验猪全部成活,总共成功游离左侧乳内动脉8条,右侧乳内动脉8条。共行吻合口16个。左侧乳内动脉与前降支的吻合时间为2545kg,在双侧胸壁打孔,取双侧乳内动脉。将左侧乳内动脉旁路移植至前降支,右侧乳内动脉旁路移植至右冠状动脉。结果 8头实验猪全部成活,总共成功游离左侧乳内动脉8条,右侧乳内动脉8条。共行吻合口16个。左侧乳内动脉与前降支的吻合时间为25⁴2 min,平均(37±15)min。右侧乳内动脉与右冠状动脉的吻合时间为3642 min,平均(37±15)min。右侧乳内动脉与右冠状动脉的吻合时间为36⁵2 min,平均(44±9)min。术后除1例右侧乳内动脉与右冠状动脉吻合口狭窄外,其余吻合口通畅情况均良好。结论全胸腔镜非体外循环下行左右冠状动脉旁路移植术是可行的,家猪是良好的合适的动物训练模型。