冷却速度对TA15ELI合金组织与性能的影响

研究了不同冷却方式（水冷，空冷和炉冷）对Ti-6Al—2Zr-2V-1Mo（质量分数，下同）ELI（TA15 ELI）合金43mm厚板双态组织中次生α片厚度，以及对该合金双态组织和等轴组织损伤容限性能的影响。结果表明：水冷时α片厚约1μm，空冷时α片厚为2μm～4μm，炉冷时α片过于增厚，几乎完全溶于等轴α相内，形成完全等轴组织。次生α相的变化对该合金的屈服强度和断裂韧性产生很大影响，但对疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响不大，疲劳裂纹主要以切过或沿等轴α相界面扩展。采用Paris（dα／dN=c（△Kn）^n公式对3种合金组织疲劳裂纹扩展数据进行拟合，其结果为：c=1-8×10^-8，n=3.12-3.28。     

热处理对TC4-DT钛合金棒材组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理对TC4-DT合金φ300 mm棒材显微组织、拉伸性能、断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响.结果表明:经800℃×2 hAC简单退火、α+β相区固溶+时效、β相区固溶+时效处理后的TC4-DT的显微组织分别为等轴组织、双态组织和片状组织.等轴组织具有较好的拉伸性能、低的断裂韧性和高的疲劳裂纹扩展速率:双态组织与等轴组织相比较,具有较好的拉伸性能,较高的断裂韧性和较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率:片状组织的拉伸强度低于双态组织和等轴组织,塑性最低,断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展速率与双态组织的基本相同.总体来说,TC4-DT合金经α+β相区固溶+时效、β相区固溶+时效处理后可获得R_m≥3825 Mpa,R_(P0.2)≥750 Mpa,A_5≥8%,K℃≥90 Mpa ,疲劳裂纹扩展速率小于8×10~(-6)～9×10~(-6) mm/cycle的综合性能.     

损伤容限型TC4-DT钛合金近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

研究了双态组织、片层组织TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,通过扫描电镜观察裂纹扩展路径及断口微观特征,研究了等轴初生α相含量对TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛区疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,讨论了TC4-DT钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为和断裂方式。结果表明:随着等轴初生α相含量的降低,TC4-DT钛合金在近门槛值区的da/dN-△K曲线逐渐向下偏折,裂纹扩展速率明显降低,在Paris区出现转折点现象且转折点对应的△Kt值逐渐增大;片层组织在近门槛区的裂纹扩展路径曲折,疲劳裂纹扩展速率显著降低,表现出更好的损伤容限性能。     

Ti-55531合金的高周疲劳断口形貌分析

基于断口学理论、借助SEM分析技术,分析高强韧Ti-55531合金片层和双态组织在不同应力幅下的高周疲劳断口形貌特征,揭示应力幅和组织因素对该合金高周疲劳裂纹萌生的协同作用机制,阐明组织因素对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律。结果显示:应力幅大小对片层组织的疲劳裂纹萌生行为有显著影响,但对双态组织影响较小。在疲劳裂纹扩展前期,片层的裂纹扩展速率大于双态的;但在裂纹扩展中后期,双态的裂纹扩展速率反而更高。     

显微组织类型对TC4钛合金丝材性能的影响

α+β两相区轧制的TC4钛合金丝材经不同工艺热处理后,获得等轴组织、双态组织和片层组织,研究了微观组织特征及其对合金拉伸性能和疲劳性能的影响。结果表明：等轴组织α晶粒最为细小且具有较高的位错密度,表现出最高强度;双态组织α相较等轴组织显著长大,位错密度明显降低,具有最好的工艺塑性;片层组织原始β晶粒粗大,塑性最低。3种组织中片层组织疲劳性能最好,当裂纹长度<250μm时,不同显微组织对应的裂纹扩展速率差异较大,片层组织的扩展速率最低,等轴组织最高;当裂纹长度>250μm时,3种组织的裂纹扩展速率无显著差异。综合考虑TC4钛合金丝材的力学性能和工艺塑性,应选择双态组织作为产品的最终组织状态。     

新型低成本钛合金高周疲劳性能和断裂韧度

研究了双态组织和片层组织对新型低成本钛合金室温拉伸性能、断裂韧度以及高周疲劳性能的影响。试验结果表明：双态组织的抗拉强度低于片层组织,同时具有更高的拉伸塑性;由于裂纹在片层组织中的扩展方向的改变比在双态组织中更频繁;因此,具有更高的断裂韧性（119.24 MPa.m1/2）;相对于片层组织,双态组织抗疲劳裂纹萌生的能力更强,具有更高的疲劳强度（790 MPa）。     

TA15ELI显微组织及损伤容限性能研究

采用一火β区热轧和一火两相区上部温度热轧获得了片状组织的TA15ELI钛合金厚板，通过两相区900℃、930℃、950℃和β区980℃退火热处理进一步调整合金显微组织和损伤容限性能，测定了不同热处理状态下合金的显微组织特征参数和室温拉伸性能、断裂韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展速率，分析了显微组织对损伤容限性能的影响关系。研究发现：两相区退火，随着退火温度的升高，TA15ELI钛合金组织中初始β晶粒尺寸和α集束尺寸基本不变，α片平均厚度有所增加，合金强度和塑性均有所下降，da／dN降低，KIC提高；合金在β区980℃退火较两相区退火具有更好的损伤容限性能和综合性能。     

热处理制度对TA15合金组织与性能的影响

研究了不同热处理制度对TA15钛合金显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:两相区热处理时,获得了双态和等轴组织;β相区热处理,获得了魏氏组织,冷却速率决定了α片层和α集束的尺寸。魏氏组织的拉伸强度水平与双态/轴组织相当,断裂韧度较高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率较低,塑性有所降低。β相区空冷所得魏氏组织,具有中等强度水平,但断裂韧度较高,抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能最好。     

TC4 ELI钛合金显微组织对低周疲劳性能的影响

通过分析TC4 ELI合金在不同应力幅下的应变-循环次数曲线,研究了双态和片层2种典型组织的低周疲劳性能。组织观察发现:双态组织中等轴α相体积分数约26.6%,等轴α相平均晶粒尺寸约7.8μm。片层组织试样中,α相的片层厚度为0.5～2.0μm。低周疲劳性能结果表明:在最大应力水平下,不同组织的TC4 ELI合金均表现出显著的循环软化现象,双态组织具有更加优异的疲劳性能,这主要是因为双态组织中有效的滑移程远小于片层组织,此外高位错密度等轴α相的存在也阻碍了疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。断口形貌分析发现:双态组织试样的疲劳断口平整光滑,而片层组织断口则出现了与原始粗大的β晶粒有关的几何形刻面。     

TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性的研究

研究了典型的损伤容限型钛合金Ti-6A1-4V ELI（TC4-DT）的断裂韧度KIC、疲劳裂纹扩展速率da／dN以及疲劳门槛值△Kth等损伤容限性能与微观组织的关系，讨论了不同应力比（尺值）条件下片状组织与双态组织的疲劳裂纹扩展特性，并与Ti-6A1-4V（TC4）钛合金进行了比较分析。研究结果为高损伤容限型钛合金的微观组织设计和探讨微观组织对损伤容限性能的影响机理奠定了基础。     

Tensile and fracture properties of Ti-62A alloy plate with different microstructures

Ti-62A alloy plates with three different types of microstructure,fully equiaxed,bimodal,and Widmanst(a)tten,were obtained by various heat treatments to investigate the effects of microstructure on the tensile and fracture properties at room temperature.The results reveal that Widmanst(a)tten microstructure exhibits good damage tolerance behavior considering strength,fracture toughness,and fatigue crack growth behavior,while the bimodal microstructure shows good comprehensive properties considering the plasticity synthetically.Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructure analyses on fracture and fatigue crack path demonstrate that the dependence of mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth behavior on microstructural feature are attributed to the α lamellae width and the α colony size.     

Effects of cooling rate on the fracture properties of TA15 ELI alloy plates

The effects of cooling rate on the mechanical properties and the fatigue crack growth behavior of TA15 ELI alloy plates with different microstructures were investigated at room temperature. The results indicate that the cooling rate （water quench, air cooling, and furnace cooling） has a pronounced influence on the mechanical properties and on the fatigue crack growth, especially for air cooling and furnace cooling. Optical microstructure observation and scanning electron microscopy of tensile fracture surfaces were performed to gain an insight into the mechanism of properties. The dependence of mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth behavior on the cooling rate can be attributed to the oc lamellae width and the colony size, which induce the change in slip length. The microstmcture produced by air cooling shows the best damage tolerance behavior when compared with water quench and furnace cooling.     

Study on dynamic fracture behavior of TA15ELI alloy under mode-Ⅱ loading by caustics method

The dynamic fracture behavior of TA15ELI alloy with lath-like microstructure was studied by caustics method.Specimens with double-side pre-notch were tested under the plane-stress condition at mode-Ⅱ loading with a drop hammer system.Caustics information recorded in films illustrated the histories of both crack length and stress intensity factor.The dynamic fracture toughness and crack growth velocity of TA15ELI with lath-like microstructure were determined to be 279 MPa·m1/2 and 32.6 m/s,respectively.SEM fractograph analysis showed a mixed feature of mainly plastic mode for TA15ELI alloy in dynamic mode-Ⅱ fracture.Shear localization was observed in the vicinity of the crack initiation area.     

Study on dynamic fracture behavior of TA15ELI ahoy under mode-Ⅱ loading by caustics method

The dynamic fractttre behavior of TA15ELI alloy with lath-like microstructure was studied by caustics method. Specimens with double-side pre-notch were tested under the plane-stress condition at mode-Ⅱ loading with a drop hammer system. Caustics information recorded in films illustrated the histories of both crack length and stress intensity factor. The dynamic fracture toughness and crack growth velocity of mixed feature of mainly plastic mode for TA15ELI alloy in dynamic mode-Ⅱ fracture. Shear localization was observed in the vicinity of the crack initiation area.     

微量氢对电子束焊接TA15钛合金疲劳寿命的影响

对TA15钛合金电子束焊接试样进行充氢,研究了充氢对显微组织形态的影响,并对微量氢对TA15疲劳寿命影响进行考察。显微组织研究表明:充氢量低于0.105%(质量分数)时,氢以固溶态存在于合金中,并未形成氢化物。疲劳试验结果表明:随充氢量的增加,疲劳寿命大幅下降;这是由于微量氢的存在降低了TA15合金的韧性,固溶氢增加了疲劳裂纹的扩展速率,且氢通过影响裂纹尖端的性能加速疲劳裂纹扩展。焊缝区马氏体束呈团状结晶,且以团为单位统一变形,导致断口上呈团簇形态;且氢对马氏体团疲劳扩展中的行为有一定影响。     

TA15线性摩擦焊接头高周疲劳性能分析

在相同热处理制度下,开展了TA15钛合金母材与TA15线性摩擦焊接头高周疲劳性能试验,并对疲劳断口进行扫描电镜分析. 结果表明,从S-N曲线低应力区到高应力区,焊缝针状组织的疲劳强度高于母材双态组织,随着应力的增大,两种组织的疲劳强度差异逐渐缩小;接头针状组织的疲劳极限(463 MPa)高于母材双态组织(423 MPa). 断口分析结果表明,TA15母材的疲劳断口相对较平,扩展区二次裂纹较少,而线性摩擦焊接头中存在较多的二次裂纹,降低了裂纹扩展速度,说明针状组织的疲劳性能优于双态组织.     

新型TC21钛合金热处理工艺参数与显微组织演变的关系研究

TC21钛合金是新型的高强韧损伤容限型钛合金，其模锻件为网篮组织，锻后热处理工艺采用双重退火工艺。本研究采用金相法、SEM等方法系统研究了TC21钛合金模锻件的锻后热处理工艺和显微组织演变规律。试验分析了TC21钛合金模锻件锻后第1次退火加热温度、第2次退火加热温度和保温时间等工艺参数条件下的初生α相数量、形状以及网篮组织形貌特征的变化规律，为TC21钛合金模锻件获得高强、高韧和损伤容限优良综合性能奠定基础。     

Dynamic fracture toughness of TA15ELI alloy studied by instrumented impact test

The dynamic fracture toughness of TA15ELI alloy with two types of microstructures was studied by instrumented impact test.Charpy specimens with both the 0.2 mm U-notch and the a/W = 0.2 pre-crack were adopted to compare notch sensitivity in the two microstructures.The result shows that the specimen with Widmanst?tten microstructure exhibits a better dynamic fracture toughness and lower notch sensitivity than that with lath-like microstructure.Fracture surfaces in the case of the two microstructures are analyzed to have a ductile and brittle mixed feature under dynamic loading.The fracture surface of lath-like microstructure is composed of dimples and tear ridges,while that of Widmanst?tten microstructure is covered with rough block-like facets and dimples and tear ridges.The α phase boundaries and α/β interfaces act as locations for void nucleation and crack arrest and deviation.The decrease in width of α phase lamellae leads to the increase in the amount of boundaries and interfaces,which causes the increase in the consumption of impact energy and results in the improvement in dynamic fracture toughness.