炼化企业航油生产环境风险评价的初步研究

炼化企业石油行业属于危险、危害因素众多的高危行业,石油原料及产品多是易燃易爆物质,安全管理工作责任重大,对于风险源的识别和评价显得尤为重要,可为决策者和管理者提供科学的理论依据和对策。     

印染行业建立环境管理体系的意义及建议

介绍了ISO14000环境管理体系的内容。通过分析我国印染行业和现状和建立ISO14000环境管理体系的意义，提出建立ISO14000环境管理体系是提高企业管理水平的有效途径的观点。探讨了再阶段印染行业建立ISO14000环境管理体系 的步骤。     

浦东新区推行清洁生产和ISO14000的实践与认识

以沪东造船厂、上海炼油厂和上海高桥巴斯夫分散体有限公司等为例,阐述了浦东新区企业实施清洁生产和通过ISO14001环境管理体系认证的实践,地方环保部门在推行中所起的积极作用,并提出了建议。     

环境风险评价方法刍议

本文简要介绍了环境风险评价的概念、主要内容，指出了目前环境风险评价方法的技术关键，提供了风险度(PR)和风险影响(R1）的计算方法。并对我国环境风险评价方法的研究提出了建议。     

企业改制中的环境管理思考

企业改制带给环境管理新的课题。产生于计划经济时期的环境管理体系须作出发变适应形势的发展，在目前的情况下，应从有序的，合法化的环境管理方法入手，实现企业改制对保护环境和控制污染的正面成效。     

Fisheries management: integrating societal preference, decision analysis, and ecological risk assessment

Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making.     

Understanding the North–South knowledge divide and its implications for policy: a quantitative analysis of the generation of scientific knowledge in the environmental sciences

The paper investigates the scientific knowledge divide in the environmental sciences between developed and developing countries and explores the implications and impacts on both science and policymaking. Quantitative data analysis of more than 6400 scientific papers published in 1993–2003 yield evidence for a growing divide in authorship, publication rates, and location of scientific research in nine environmental journals with high impact factor ratings. In addition to this severe imbalance in publication rates between developed and developing countries, we also find a research bias toward certain eco-climatic zones. More than 80% of papers are published in and about temperate and cold eco-climatic zones. Only 13% of the papers in our study are based on research in the dry sub-tropical and tropical zones, although these eco-climatic zones account for more than 52% of the world's land area. Based on these results, we discuss how the limited empirical source and focus of environmental research undermine the claims of universality of environmental science and what consequences this may have on policymaking processes at different levels. Finally, we briefly explore some short- and long-term strategies to address the knowledge divide.     

知识经济带来的环境机遇和挑战

知识经济完全不同于传统的工业经济,给世界各国的社会经济正在产生巨大的冲击和影响,总体上说,知识经济是一种与环境极为友好的,可持续发展的经济,但知识经济在为环境保护带来新的同时,也为我国的环境保护带来了新的挑战。     

区域环境风险评价与风险管理及其在工程项目上的应用

论述区域环境风险评价的发展趋势,评价内容,程序和方法,探讨区域环境风险评价和风险管理的相互关系,给出岷江紫坪铺水库库区应用实例。     

浅谈医院建设项目的环境风险评价及管理

建设项目环境风险评价是近年来纳入环境风险管理的重要工作,也是对环境影响评价工作的重要补充。文中以医院建设项目为实例,通过对该项目进行环境风险识别、源项及危害分析,提出风险管理和应急措施的具体方法,探讨了医院项目环境风险评价的技术方法,特别强调了降低风险措施、建立应急预案的重要性。     

企业制度改造对中国环境保护的影响及立法对策

中国企业制度改造带给环境保护新的问题，企业应承担起保护环境的责任。分析了新的企业制度的特点以及它对环境保护的影响。提出应通过立法引导企业承担起保护环境的社会责任。     

区域环境风险评价与管理初探

阐述了开展区域环境风险评价与管理的重要性,探讨了开展区域环境风险评价与管理的几个主要问题：区域环境风险水平的表征方法;区域环境风险的识别方法;区域环境风险评价的模式方法;以及区域环境风险管理的基本原则。开展区域环境风险评价与管理的目的是降低区域环境风险水平,减少人为事故带来的环境灾害与经济损失。给区域环境生态和公众健康一个较安全的保证。     

德国环境政策的实施手段研究

从环境法律与规划手段、环境条例手段、经济手段、志愿协议，以及生态审核等方面分析了德国的环境政策的实施手段，特别论述了德国环境政策在促进资源回收利用、废弃物管理、率先走向循环型经济社会方面所发挥的作用，以期为我国环境管理提供借鉴与参考。     

当代企业环境文化的塑造

论述了当代企业建设环境文化的必要性,提出了塑造企业环境文化的途径,旨在为企业加强环境文化建设提供可以借鉴的理论依据和建议。     

石油化工项目环境风险评价实例分析

环境风险评价是石油化工项目环境影响评价的一项重要内容。笔者以某拟建沥青厂为例,利用有关事故统计资料类比分析和世界银行推荐的爆炸危害关系式,对石油化工项目环境风险半定量评价进行了初步探讨。结果表明,该厂发生泄漏事故不会波及外环境,爆炸事故将造成厂区严重破坏并对局地大气环境产生一定影响。      

化工生产中环境风险及对策研究

根据当前我国化工生产发展和环境风险管理现状,探讨了我国化工生产中环境风险的类型及发生原因,从加强合理布局、修订和完善各类污染物排放标准、强化行业管理、污染物排放总量控制、改进环境影响评价体系及方法和革新环境风险防范管理机制等方面提出了相应的对策建议。     

环境政策风险评价的原理、方法和技术--兼论政策环境风险评价

在充满风险和不确定性世界里,任何政策、环境政策的缺陷都将被放大和强化,都有可能酿成失误、失败的风险．可能产生巨大的环境危害。了解政策、环境政策风险生成一演变规律．适应风险规律．有效控制、分解、转换政策风险．降低政策风险概率和危害程度,提高(环境)政策适应性和效率。通过研究风险形成机制、风险传导机制、风险积累和发展机制、风险作用机制的方式,探讨风险生成一演变规律;研究政策风险评价的原理、方法和技术;提出环境政策风险管理的框架。     

化工园企业环境风险分级评估与管理方法研究

为减少环境污染事故的发生,文章从化工园内企业化学品储存、运输、生产等潜在风险环节出发,结合企业风险管理水平及周边受体易损性,利用环境风险综合评价指数法对企业环境风险进行分级评估。在此基础上,以长江下游某化工园区调研的41家企业作为案例进行评估,结果显示:园区内重大、较大、一般环境风险企业分别占调查总数的2.4%,65.9%,31.7%。该评估方法从化工园企业风险控制的实际需求出发,具有实用性和可操作性,为化工园更有效的风险管理提供技术支持。