急性脑血管病233例心电图分析

急性脑血管病与心脏之间的关系越来越引起临床工作者的注意。本文分析我院收治的急性脑血管病人233例的心电图改变，旨在探讨急性脑血管病时的有关脑-心综合征问题。     

急性脑血管病并发癫(癎)33例临床分析

目的分析急性脑血管病与癫癎的关系。方法回顾性分析近2年来,经CT或MRI证实的急性脑血管病并发癫癎患者33例的临床资料。结果本组急性脑血管病465例,继发癫癎的发生率为7.1%（33/465）。脑血管病急性期继发癫癎的多不需长期抗癫癎治疗,而在恢复期和后遗症期继发癫癎的多需长期抗癫癎治疗。结论急性脑血管病是老年人继发癫癎的重要原因之一,早期发作较易控制,晚期发作由于大多数有致灶存在需长期服用抗癫癎药。急性脑血管病的发病部位、病灶大小、病变性质与癫癎发作有一定的相关性。     

急性脑血管病并发癫癎33例临床分析

目的分析急性脑血管病与癫癎的关系。方法回顾性分析近2年来,经CT或MRI证实的急性脑血管病并发癫癎患者33例的临床资料。结果本组急性脑血管病465例,继发癫癎的发生率为7.1%（33/465）。脑血管病急性期继发癫癎的多不需长期抗癫癎治疗,而在恢复期和后遗症期继发癫癎的多需长期抗癫癎治疗。结论急性脑血管病是老年人继发癫癎的重要原因之一,早期发作较易控制,晚期发作由于大多数有致灶存在需长期服用抗癫癎药。急性脑血管病的发病部位、病灶大小、病变性质与癫癎发作有一定的相关性。     

伴代谢综合征的急性脑梗死患者颅内血管狭窄差异分析

目的：探讨伴代谢综合征的急性脑梗死患者颅内动脉血管的差异。方法2010‐07—2013‐12在我院住院治疗患者1500例,其中符合纳入标准的1072例,其中正常健康人群255例,急性脑梗死患者（病例组）817例。另将所有研究对象中有颅内血管狭窄者作为颅内病变组。通过头部CTA或核磁共振血管成像或全脑血管造影术检查,明确有无颅内动脉血管狭窄性病变。通过单因素及多因素的Logistic回归,比较分析颅内血管病变的危险因素。结果脑梗死患者中代谢综合征发病率46.7％,其中59％存在颅内动脉狭窄,OR值为4.11。颅内动脉病变组代谢综合征发病率为50.8％。代谢综合征与脑梗死及颅内动脉病变呈正相关。糖耐量减低（IG T ）及糖尿病（DM ）与颅内动脉血管狭窄有相关性,其危险度为无糖尿病患者的2.44及2.6倍。多因素Logistic回归分析中发现颅内动脉病变与高血压及TG呈正相关性。结论急性脑梗死患者中代谢综合征是颅内动脉血管狭窄的独立危险因素。代谢综合征的五个组分中高血压与颅内血管病变的相关性最强。     

急性脑血管病继发癫痫的临床分析

目的：探讨急性脑血管病继发癫痫的临床特点、发病机制、发作类型及治疗预后。方法：对我科2006年1月～2014年1月收治的经头颅CT、MRI证实的389例急性脑血管病继发癫痫患者的临床资料进行分析,总结其临床特点、发病机制、发作类型、治疗及预后。结果：本组急性脑血管病继发癫痫的发病率为4．77％（389／8152）,癫痫发病率与脑血管病的类型、发病部位有关;其中以脑梗死患者、累及皮层或邻近皮层者易患,发作形式以单纯部分性运动发作的发病率较高。结论：急性脑血管病继发癫痫的原因主要与脑水肿有关,病灶主要位于皮层或邻近皮层者易发作,发作类型以单纯部分性运动为多,累及大脑皮层者发生癫痫的危险性高,预后较差。     

急性脑卒中合并代谢综合征患者的临床预后分析

目的探讨急性脑卒中合并代谢综合征患者的临床预后。方法选择急性脑卒中患者382例,根据国际糖尿病联盟的代谢综合征诊断标准分为代谢综合征组和非代谢综合征组,其中代谢综合征组170例,非代谢综合征组212例,两组均给予相同的治疗和健康教育。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）,分析急性脑卒中合并代谢综合征患者的临床预后。结果代谢综合征组患者在体重、腰围、收缩压、甘油三脂等均高于非代谢综合征组;两组患者的NIHSS在治疗前无统计学差异（P=0.129）,治疗后差别具有统计学显著性（P=0.013）。结论急性脑卒中合并代谢综合征患者的临床预后较差。     

缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征危险因素分析

目的筛查缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征的相关危险因素。方法共370例首次发作的缺血性脑血管病患者根据是否合并不宁腿综合征,分为缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征组(不宁腿综合征组,45例)和不合并不宁腿综合征组(无不宁腿综合征组,325例),详细记录性别、年龄、体重指数、受教育程度、民族、职业、生活方式、体育锻炼、既往史、女性孕产史和绝经年龄;血液化学检测白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血清肌酐、尿素氮、空腹血糖、血清脂质、血浆同型半胱氨酸、血清铁等。结果不宁腿综合征组体重指数高于无不宁腿综合征组(t=2.457,P=0.014),血红蛋白(t=2.819,P=0.005)和血清铁(t=2.168,P=0.024)低于无不宁腿综合征组。多因素前进法Logistic回归分析显示,血红蛋白降低(OR=1.049,95%CI:1.017~1.082;P=0.002)和血清铁降低(OR=1.121,95%CI:1.002~1.254;P=0.047)是缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征的独立危险因素。结论缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征临床较为常见,此类患者血红蛋白和血清铁水平较低。     

脑血管病发病和气象条件的关系

目的 探讨脑血管病发病与气象条件关系,方法 研究１９８９～１９９５年烟台芝罘区６０万自然人群中脑血管病急性发病５０１９例与气象条件的关系,采用距平百分率等进行定性定量系统多元化对比分析,其中注意复杂隐蔽的各气象要素的变量及春相互间配置与脑血管病的关系,结果 气象要素波动与气温气压配置失调导致脑血管病发病率升高,结论 脑血管病的发病与气象密切相关,气象异常变化是诱发脑血管病危险因素之一。     

代谢综合征与脑血管病

代谢综合征在脑血管病的发病机制中起着重要作用,它的所有成分均参与了脑血管病的发病过程。本文对代谢综合征的诊断差异、流行病学调查进展以及代谢综合征在脑血管病发病机制中的作用等进行了回顾分析,揭示了代谢综合征和脑血管病的密切关系。     

老年男性代谢综合征患者骨密度与骨量、骨代谢物的关系

目的：观察老年男性代谢综合征患者骨密度与骨代谢指标含量表达的变化规律。 方法：选择2006-05/06济南地区部队干休所离休老干部查体人员。代谢综合征及其相关组分诊断标准采用1999年WHO代谢综合征的工作定义。应用SetriscamTM数字化成像技术及放射免疫分析法，对代谢综合征组90例（其中骨质疏松22例和骨量减少30例），单纯高血压组38例，单纯糖尿病组30例，单纯高血脂组32例患者进行骨密度、骨钙素等骨代谢指标和生化指标的测定，与相同年龄对照组进行比较，并对骨密度与各项骨代谢指标进行相关性分析。 结果：①代谢综合征骨质疏松组、代谢综合征骨量减少组、单纯糖尿病组的骨密度和峰值百分比明显低于正常对照组（P < 0.05~0.01）。②代谢综合征组、代谢综合征骨质疏松和骨量减少组骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原C端肽低于正常对照组（P < 0.05~0.01），甲状旁腺素高于正常对照组（P < 0.05）。三组患者均存在不同程度高血糖、高血压和血脂紊乱。③代谢综合征骨质疏松组骨密度与骨钙素呈正相关关系（r =0.262），与甲状旁腺素呈负相关（r =-0.233），与血压呈明显负相关（r =-0.285），与生化指标之间无相关性。 结论：代谢综合征骨质疏松患者骨密度与骨钙素、甲状旁腺素、Ⅰ型胶原C端肽、血压之间密切相关。     

Socioeconomic Disparities and Metabolic Risk in Veterans with Serious Mental Illness

Socioeconomic disparities were assessed in predicting metabolic risk among veterans with serious mental illness. Veterans with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or bipolar disorders were identified in VISN 4 facilities from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2012. Differences between patients with and without metabolic syndrome were compared using t-tests, Chi square tests and multivariate logistic regressions. Among 10,132 veterans with mental illness, 48.8% had metabolic syndrome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that patients with metabolic syndrome were significantly more likely to be older, male, African-American, married, and receiving disability pensions but less likely to be homeless. They were more likely to receive antipsychotics, antidepressants, or anticonvulsants. Bivariate cross-sectional analysis revealed that patients with metabolic syndrome had higher rates of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and mortality, and that metabolic syndrome was more often associated with emergency visits and psychiatric or medical hospitalizations. Demographics, socioeconomic status and medications are independent predictors of metabolic syndrome and should be considered in broader screening of risk factors in order to provide preventive interventions for metabolic syndrome.     

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: Clinical characteristics and long-term predictors

Few studies have examined the long-term prognosis of Chinese patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study assessed the clinical characteristics and predictors of vascular events occurring within 5 years after ICH.We included consecutive patients diagnosed with first-ever ICH between June 2013 and December 2014. Based on follow-up data (collected until December 2019), we used multivariable logistic regression to examine the clinical characteristics and long-term predictors of vascular events (including recurrent ICH, ischemic stroke, and acute coronary syndrome) in patients who survived more than 30 days after ICH.Across the 307 patients in our analysis, the 5-year mortality rate was 28.01%. Within 5 years after ICH, major vascular events were observed in 62 patients (17.82%, 95% CI 13.78–21.82%). We observed high incidence of recurrent ICH (8.91%) and ischemic stroke (10.06%), but low incidence of acute coronary syndrome (1.15%). Most cases of recurrent ICH (80.65%) occurred within 3 years after ICH. Age ≥56 years and history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were identified as predictors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.ICH survivors are at high risk of both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, especially older patients (≥56 years) and those who experienced ischemic stroke or TIA prior to their first ICH. Recurrent ICH is more likely to occur within the first three years after first ICH than at later times. Clinicians should monitor patients closely for adverse events, particularly during the first three years after initial ICH.     

Stroke risk of asymptomatic intra- and extracranial large-artery disease in apparently healthy adults

BACKGROUND: The predictive value of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis for future stroke remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to assess the stroke risk of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis and to compare it with that of extracranial artery disease. METHODS: The study subjects were 2,924 participants (mean age 55 years) without any history of stroke. We examined the relation between intra- or extracranial large-artery disease and subsequent cerebrovascular events (mean follow-up 63 months). RESULTS: The incidence rate of total cerebrovascular events in persons with intracranial artery stenosis was 1.3% per year. In the group without plaque in the extracranial carotid arteries, the annual rate of total cerebrovascular events was only 0.6%, but in the group with plaque, the rate was 3.6%. Kaplan-Meier analysis of total events showed a significant difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The stroke risk in subjects with asymptomatic extracranial artery disease is markedly increased if intracranial artery stenosis is also present.     

急性缺血性脑血管综合征患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块类型与巨细胞病毒激活感染的相关性分析

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑血管综合征(acute ischemic cerebro vascular syndrome,AICS)患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块类型与巨细胞病毒激活感染的相关性。方法:急性缺血性脑血管综合征病人220例,对照人群组138人,将286例颈动脉超声的资料输入智睿电子信息技术有限公司的超声统计软件对其数据进行统计,测定外周血白细胞的人巨细胞病毒PP65抗原(Human cytomegalovirus pp65antigens)统计学方法采用SPSS13.0统计软件,各类型斑块与HCMV-PP65之间进行单因素卡方检验,结果:各类型斑块分别与正常人组各类型斑块两两之间进行的有关HCMV-PP65比较的单因素卡方检验结论提示:扁平斑组(8(53.3%)、P=0.000)、软斑组(29(39.2%)、P=0.000)、硬斑组(13(21.7%)、P=0.041)与正常人组均有统计学差异;各类型斑块间两两比较,除扁平斑组与软斑组间无统计学差异(χ2=1.027,P=0.311)外,其余各斑块组之间均有统计学差异。说明软斑组、扁平斑组、硬斑组的斑块形成均与HCMV-PP65有关,其中软斑组、扁平斑组与HCMV-PP65的相关性,较硬斑更为密切。结论:AICS患者颈动脉的易损性斑块与巨细胞病毒的激活感染密切相关,为该病的诊断和治疗提供新的线索。     

Level, distribution and correlates of platelet-derived microparticles in healthy individuals with special reference to the metabolic syndrome

Platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs), a procoagulant factor, are reportedly elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is strongly associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular disease-related atherothrombotic events. To clarify the level, distribution and correlates of PDMPs with special reference to MS, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 467 healthy Japanese volunteers without signs, symptoms, or a history of cardio- or cerebrovascular disease. They were 211 men and 256 women (median age 39 and 35 years, respectively). Using an ELISA kit and monoclonal antibodies against CD42b and CD42a (glycoprotein Ib and IX) we assayed the PDMP levels. Total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were also recorded. There was a significant difference in the level of PDMPs between men and women. The median value and the interquartile range of PDMPs was 8.3 IU/ml and 6.2-10.5 IU/ml and 6.8 IU/ml and 5.2-8.6 IU/ml, respectively, in men and women. PDMPs were significantly associated with MS criteria in men (p < 0.001) and women (p = 0.040). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant odds ratio of 3.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-10.5] in men and of 4.2 [95% CI: 1.6-10.7] in the entire study population. Our results suggest that PDMPs identified by glycoprotein CD42b and CD42a are positively associated with MS.     

Current understanding of multiple risk factors as the metabolic syndrome: distillation or deconstruction

The "metabolic syndrome" is a new term that defines the clustering of vascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, elevated blood pressure, and elevated blood glucose. Controversy exists regarding the use of the term, which raises the question of whether the unique grouping of vascular risk factors adds more clinical risk then the additive effect of multiple risk factors viewed as separate but important entities. Whatever the answer, the metabolic syndrome constitutes a major public health problem with over 47 million persons in the United States meeting criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Although studies have demonstrated that the metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for overall mortality as well as cardiovascular events, the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and ischemic stroke has not been well characterized. Two large cross-sectional studies report an association between metabolic syndrome and increased risk of a history of stroke. One large multiethnic prospective study found the metabolic syndrome to be significantly associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke after adjustment for sociodemographics and other cardiovascular risk factors. This study estimated that the metabolic syndrome may account for 19% of ischemic strokes including 30% of stroke in women and over 40% of stroke in Hispanics. Despite debate about the utility of its definition, there is evidence to suggest that the metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke, with differential effects by gender and race-ethnicity. Further, the metabolic syndrome has important clinical and public health implications by helping to easily identify individuals at greatest risk of vascular events.     

脑梗死患者脑血管反应性研究

目的应用经颅多普勒超声结合屏气试验评价脑梗死患者的脑血管反应性（CVR）。方法采用经颅多普勒超声结合屏气试验检测30例急性期颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者,30例急性期腔隙性脑梗死患者的屏气指数（BHI）,并与60例健康者进行对比。结果急性期颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者和腔隙性脑梗死患者屏气指数均显著低于对照组,颈内动脉系统脑梗死侧显著低于对侧和腔隙性脑梗死患者。结论脑血管反应性与脑梗死有密切关系,检测脑血管反应性对于预测脑卒中风险至关重要。     

Metabolic syndrome and short-term heart rate variability in adults with intellectual disabilities

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Heart rate variability (HRV) represents autonomic functioning, and reduced HRV significantly increases cardiovascular mortality. The aims of the present paper are to assess the prevalence of MetS in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), the difference in short-term HRV between the healthy and ID population, and the association of short-term HRV with MetS. In this study, we analyzed 129 ID subjects who participated in routine health check-ups in October 2010. We measured their metabolic components and evaluated the relationships of MetS with short-term HRV indices. The study found that MetS and obesity are common in persons with ID. ID subjects have significantly lower HRV than healthy adults, and persons with ID persons with MetS have significantly lower HRV than ID subjects without MetS. The individual components of MetS are differentially associated with HRV in ID men and women. Metabolic syndrome adversely affects autonomic cardiac control, and reduced autonomic cardiac control could contribute to an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events in individuals who exhibit metabolic syndrome. Sex differences in vagal activity and sympathovagal balance may partly explain the greater increase in cardiovascular risk associated with MetS in ID women compared with ID men.     

代谢综合征在脑卒中患者中患病状况的分析

目的研究代谢综合征在脑卒中患者中的患病状况。方法研究对象为390例初发脑卒中患者,对照组为400例年龄、性别匹配者,研究总结代谢综合征及其危险因素的患病率,经Logistic回归分析其对脑卒中的危险性。结果代谢综合征的现患率在脑卒中组高于对照组。代谢综合征的现患率在脑卒中病例组为28.3%,对照组为9.8%,差异有显著意义。腔隙性脑梗死、脑梗死和脑出血的代谢综合征现患率分别为26.0%、29.5%和27.3%。Logistic回归分析显示代谢综合征是脑卒中的独立危险因素。结论代谢综合征在脑卒中患者中患病率较正常人群高,是脑卒中的独立危险因素。