基于法珀腔光纤传感器的光纤智能夹层的研究

法珀腔光纤传感器是一种适合于智能结构自诊断系统的光纤传感器.在理论分析了法珀腔光纤传感器的基础上,对一种模块化的光纤自诊断系统--光纤智能夹层进行了研究,并对基于光纤法珀腔传感器的光纤智能夹层试件进行了四点弯曲试验.结果表明,光纤智能夹层具有易于制作,使用方便等诸多特点;智能夹层中光纤法珀腔传感器的应变与载荷之间具有良好的线性关系.利用智能夹层中的光纤传感器网络和先进信息处理技术,可以建立结构损伤主动、在线和实时监测系统.     

光纤智能复合材料结构的研究

本文介绍了一种光纤智能复合材料结构的研究情况。在这种智能复合材料结构中,采用了偏振型光纤传感器构成了载荷自诊断系统、液芯光纤组成了损伤自诊断自修复系统。此外,在结构中还埋置了形状记忆合金丝网络,对增强结构强度、改善自修复的质量均起到了良好的作用。     

光纤智能结构及其在制造工程中的应用

介绍了应用于智能材料结构中的几种主要类型的光纤传感器的性能、工作原理,并作了比较和分析;简述了光纤智能结构在制造工程中的应用现状和前景     

面向智能蒙皮天线电补偿的位移场重构

智能蒙皮天线能够将集成微带天线和传感元件嵌入到各类武器平台结构中,不仅具有电磁收发和力学承载性能,同时还具有服役状态感知与性能自适应功能.为了解决蒙皮天线因结构变形导致的电性能恶化问题,文中提出了一种嵌入光纤光栅的智能蒙皮天线结构,并利用模态分析和状态空间理论,从少量光纤光栅测量的应变实时重构天线结构的变形位移场.通过研制的智能蒙皮天线结构变形实验系统,验证了变形位移场重构方法的有效性.该位移场重构方法为智能蒙皮天线电补偿系统的研制奠定了基础.     

用于智能结构自诊断、自修复的新型光纤传感测试仪

介绍了空心光纤的传感性能及其在力学量测试中的应用，并对传感机理进行了简要地分析，主要侧重于空心光纤传感测试仪的研制，并通过实验验证了传感器测试仪用于智能结构损伤位置自诊断以及损伤处自修复的可行性。     

压电智能结构的柔性梁振动主动控制系统仿真

针对材料的共振会对系统的稳定性和精度产生不良影响的问题,采用压电智能结构,使用两路独立电源驱动两组压电陶瓷片,电路的工作频率调整为光纤智能梁的共振频率,并以光栅光纤为传感器,应用Matlab的仿真工具箱研究了环氧树脂柔性梁振动的主动控制技术,建立了振动主动控制系统实验平台并进行了仿真。研究结果表明,本实验系统能够抑制柔性梁在共振频率附近的共振峰幅值,达到主动控制效果。     

光纤应变传感器在智能结构中的应用

当结构的构型或特性可随外界因素而变,如以电流变材料制作并具备感知和控制功能,就是所谓的智能结构。光纤传感器具有抗电磁干扰、高灵敏度、可挠曲铺设等优点,故成为构成传感系统的最佳选择。本文总结了作者在这方面的工作,并讨论了研究中的若干问题和前景。     

光时域智能测试仪在光纤测试中的应用

介绍了光时域智能测试仪的一般工作原理,讨论了光纤损耗,并针对在光纤长度、光纤损耗等进行测试时存在的测试误差问题,给出了熔接、对接衰耗、测试盲区、不同折射率的光纤测试解决方案,从测试使用角度出发,介绍了降低测试误差,并提高测试精度的方法。     

基于光纤布拉格光栅的玄武岩纤维智能片材研究

提出了一种掺入光纤布拉格光栅(fiber bragg grating,FBG)的玄武岩纤维增强塑料(basalt fiber reinforced plastics,BFRP)智能片材,将其作为传感器用于混凝土结构应变监测。将FBG掺入BFRP可实现对FBG良好保护,改善FBG传感性能。提出了FBG-BFRP智能片材的制备方法,测试并分析了FBG-BFRP智能片材的传感特性,证明FBG-BFRP智能片材具有较好的传感性能。     

光纤复合材料结构低速冲击判位研究

复合材料智能结构容易产生从表面无法探测到的低速冲击损伤。试验利用光纤复合材料结构中布拉格光纤光栅传感器受到低速冲击后中心波长随应力变化这一特性,在恒温下用布拉格光栅对复合材料智能结构受到的低速冲击位置给出判别。通过计算冲击待测数字采样信号与所有冲击模板数字采样信号的Hausdorff距离,给出两者的相似度,利用相似度判别复合材料结构低速冲击位置。试验表明布拉格光纤光栅传感器可以监测复合材料冲击信号,能够对复合材料结构低速冲击进行判位研究。     

基于PSoC的智能吸尘机器人控制系统的设计

主要研究了基于PSoC片上系统的智能吸尘机器人控制系统的设计，详细论述了控制系统的组成，推导了机器人的运动控制方程，设计了传感器检测电路。该控制系统灵活运用PSoC片上系统内部集成的PWM模块、计数模块和定时模块等来完成机器人的运动控制，通过运用红外传感电路和机械结构相结合的方法来检测外部环境信息。     

Integrated motion measurement illustrated by a cantilever beam

The combination of inertial sensors and satellite navigation receivers like those of GPS (Global Positioning System) represents a very typical integrated navigation system. Integrated navigation is the most common example of integrated motion measurement determining the translational and angular position, velocity, and acceleration of a vehicle. Traditionally, this object is assumed to be a rigid body and the signals of its closely spaced sensors are referenced to a single point of the structure. During periods of low vehicle dynamics such common navigation systems typically show stability problems due to a loss of observability of some of the motion variables.The range of applications for integrated navigation systems can be expanded due to the continuously increasing performance of data processing and cheap sensors. Further, it can be shown that the stability of such a navigation system (i. e. of the motion observer employed for the system, typically a Kalman filter) can be sustained by distributing appropriately additional sensors over the vehicle structures at distinct locations. This comprises the compensation of drift effects of the system by adding sensors that are drift-free and the guarantee of the observability of all estimated motion components. Large structures like airplanes, space stations, skyscrapers, and tower cranes with distributed sensors, however, have to take the flexibility of the structure into account. This includes an appropriate kinematical model of the structure. In this case, the theory of integrated systems has to be expanded to flexible structures. On the other hand, the additional system information obtained can be used not only for vehicle guidance but also for structural control.Within this work individual kinematical models especially of a cantilever beam, idealizing e.g. the wing of an airplane, are developed and investigated with regard to the observability of the motion variables to guarantee a stable integrated system behaviour. Finally, the application and verification of integrated measurement systems for flexible structures is shown by experiments.     

基于气体激励的压电俘能技术及其在气动系统中的应用与展望

气动技术正朝着智能化、无线化的方向发展,越来越多的智能传感器引入到气动系统来实现监测与反馈,因此实现传感器长期稳定的供能是当前气动系统亟待解决的关键问题之一。研究表明,利用压电材料可产生毫瓦级的电能输出,能量级数可以满足低功耗传感器的能耗需求,因此该技术有望作为一种新型的供电技术为电池续航,使低功耗传感器长时间稳定地工作。基于此,介绍了压电能量收集技术的起源,气体激励下的压电俘能器结构与研究现状,以及气动系统压力能转化为电能的相关工作。研究结果表明,压电材料可以将气体压力能直接转化为电能,其单片最大输出功率接近10 mW,通过对电能的整理与存储可使气动系统中磁性开关正常工作。该技术可增大电池的使用寿命,甚至将来或可成为气动系统低功耗传感器能量的主要来源。     

自适应逆控制原理应用于高精度恒流源

将自适应逆控制理论应用于高精度恒流源的设计,系统结构简单,易于实现。实验结果表明,采用自适应逆控制的方法能够使输出电流具有很高的精度和稳定性,可实际应用于仪器仪表、家用电器、传感技术和通信设备等领域。     

Data correlation analysis for optimal sensor placement using a bond energy algorithm

Optimal sensor placement is one of the crucial and fundamental factors for constructing a cost-effective structural health monitoring system and is related to the effective evaluation of the state of the structure. Structural responses are correlated to some extent, as the structural behavior is continuous. Based on the above two considerations, the question arises of how to obtain the maximum amount of information for understanding the structure using measurements from limited sensors and not be limited to direct monitoring at the placements where the limited sensors are located. Data correlation analysis for optimal sensor placement is proposed using a bond energy algorithm, in which the objectives, such as structural response evaluation covering the maximum structural responses using measurements from sensors located at the optimal placements, are taken into account. The data correlation analysis is conducted for the structural responses, and the correlation matrix is established. Furthermore, the optimal sensor placements and the correlation of the responses at element locations can be determined using the bond energy algorithm. A Schwedler single-layer spherical lattice dome-like structure, which is a common large space steel structure, is used to simulate the structural responses and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method by discussion of different scenarios of parameter selection.     

采用光纤光栅传感器测量模型材料应变的原理和应用

应变是材料与结构的重要物理特性,最能反映结构局部特性,是材料和工程结构健康监测最为重要的参数。对材料应变测量,可以预知局部荷载的状态。光纤传感器具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、电磁兼容性强、无零漂、可靠性高、使用寿命长等特点。光纤光栅应变传感器是一种极具发展潜力和应用价值的应变传感器。研究了光纤光栅应变传感器的传感原理、应变传递规律及其在模型试验相似材料应变测量中的应用,测量得到的应变历程与实际物理过程相一致。     

Contact and non-contact approaches in load monitoring applications using surface response to excitation method

Surface response to excitation (SuRE) method is a low-cost alternative to electromechanical impedance based structural health monitoring (SHM) technique. The SuRE method uses one piezoelectric transducer to excite the surface of a structure with a sweep sine wave. Piezoelectric sensors or scanning laser vibrometer can be used to monitor the dynamic response of structure.In this study, the performance of the SuRE method was evaluated with the conventional piezoelectric elements and scanning laser vibrometer used as contact and non-contact sensors, respectively, for monitoring the presence of loads on the surface. In order to determine the accuracy and reliability of both monitoring approaches in detecting changes in level of applied load, three different experimental setups were studied. Response of a system in the presence of a single ​load applying and multiple loads applying and its performance in detecting tightness in a nut and bolt system were investigated. The spectrum of the dynamic response is collected at the optimal operating condition. Any significant change of the spectral characteristics may indicate defects, improper loading or loose fasteners. The performance of the SuRE method using contact and non-contact sensors indicated that both variations of the method could be successfully used in load monitoring applications.     

智能寻迹系统设计

目前已有的基于DSP、PLC等平台的四轮制式寻迹系统,硬件设计复杂,制作成本高,不适合进行实践教学。针对这一现状,优化设计了一款结构精简、易于设计和制作,并且价格低廉的三轮智能寻迹系统。该系统采用单片机ATmega16L作为微控制器,利用红外传感器采集轨道信息,并根据检测到的轨道信号驱动电机调速,从而实现寻迹功能。     

Hardware-software System for Exploring the Possibility of Application of CCD Image Sensors as Part of Gated-Viewing Systems

This paper presents the results of the development and testing of a system for studying the operating modes of CCD sensors. The purpose of the study is to verify the performance of these sensors as part of a gated-viewing system without using an image intensifier or another external fast shutter. The system can be used to control a commercial CCD sensor in an undocumented way using signals of arbitrary shape, synchronize its operation with a laser emitter, receive and digitally process an image, and transfer it to external devices. Experiments with various CCD sensors have shown that a gated-viewing surveillance system can be developed based on an interline transfer CCD sensor without an image intensifier and can be used in applications.