云南省弥渡县农村能源工程项目综合评价

本文利用矩阵方法对云南省弥渡县“九五”期间的农村能源工程项目进行了综合评价，得出了不同农村能源工程项目的综合效果。     

农村能源的综合利用综合建设是造福后人的大事

农村能源的综合利用综合建设是造福后人的大事高怀辰周俊在各级领导的大力支持下，山西省晋中地区太谷县被列为“九五”期间全国农村能源综合建设试点县。太谷县搞农村能源综合建设，具有良好的基础，丰富的自然资源，较强的技术力量，对于搞好农村能源综合建设是可行的，...     

县级农村能源综合建设的关键在于综合

浙江省临安县承担的“八五”全国农村能源综合建设县项目,经过四年多的实施,已全面并超额完成了与全国农村能源综合建设县项目领导小组签订的合同任务,取得了显著的能源、经济、环保、生态和社会效益,并于1995年11月2日通过了国家验收。纵观四年多的工作,临安县农村能源综合建设成功的关键主要是突出了“综合”二字,走具有临安特色的综合建设路子,即明确指导思想—确立系统综合模式—制定综合规划和实施方案—采取综合措施(综合技术和综合组织管理实施方法)—综合开发和节约能源—获取最佳的综合效益,其经验和措施方法对同类型县具有示范和指导作用。     

农村能源综合建设效益评价方法

<正> 引言农村能源综合建设是为解决农村生产和生活用能的短缺,或调整农村能源消费结构,达到促进农村经济发展,改善农业生态环境,提高农民物质和文化生活水平为目的的,因此农村能源建设的效益具有经济,生态和社会的广泛涵义。农村能源综合建设效益评价必须从综合建设所产生的经济、生态和社会效益各方面进行系统地综合地分析考     

黑龙江省农村能源综合建设期望目标

农村能源综合建设思路的提出及农村经济发展和农村能源建设实践的必然结果。本文从分析黑龙江省农村能源的目前形势及存在的主要问题出发，提出了黑龙江省农村能源综合建设的期望目标。文章最后以“八五”期间我省农村能源综合建设取得的成效予以佐证。     

快讯

山东省政府成立了省农村能源建设领导小组,在12月初全省农村能源工作会议上部署了7个农村能源综合建设县工作,省技术指导单位以嘉祥县为基地,统一组织了规划技术培训,为高水平完成农村能源县级综合规划打好     

全国农村能源综合建设县管理机构

我国农村能源建设继“七五“国家科技攻关与试点之后,应用技术有了长足进步。“八五”期间,国家计委、农业、财政、水利、林业、能源部共同组织实施“全国100个农村能源综合建设县”项目,已列入国家计划。开展农村能源综合建设县工作,是一条具有中国特色的发展农村能源的途径,是农村能源建设深化改革、向广度和深度发展的重要标志。这个项目的执行与完成,必将有力地促进农村经济发展与社会进步。全国农村能源综合建设县名单,已由国家计委“计资源[1991]1291号”文件下达,其中,国家安排100个县,地方安排23个县。为了推动项目工作,及时反映工作进展、经验和信息,希望各综合建设县积极向项目领导小组办公室及《农村能源》杂志编辑部提供有关动态和资料。     

基于WBS的能源项目多维模型集成化管理

针对能源工程项目管理范围广,将质量、时间、费用结合起来统一管理是工程项目管理面临的一个难题,在霍尔系统工程三维模型基础上,总结了WBS综合编码体系,提出基于WBS多维模型集成化管理模式,利用多级模糊综合评价方法建立了综合评价体系,并就具体项目进行了应用分析.     

同安县农村能源综合建设成效显著

1991年,县委、县政府按照“八五”期间全国一百个农村能源综合建设试点的要求,把我县农村能源综合建设与经济建设和人民生活奔小康目标相结合,根据“因地制宜、多能互补、综合利用、讲求效益”和“节约与开发并重”的农村能源建设方针,全面开展农村能源综合建设。取得了显著成效。 一、建立领导机构,编制规划,明确奋斗目标 为了加强对能源建设的领导,县政府成立了由县委常委、分管农业的副县长任组长,由各部门主要领导为成员的“同安县农村能源综合建设领导小组”,并设立办公室,与能源办合署办公,各镇成立相应机构,对项目实施起到了组织保证。 农村能源综合建设,是一项涉及多部门、多学科的复杂的系统工程,搞好农村能源综合建     

加快农村能源综合建设的探讨和建议

农村能源是我国能源的一个特殊领域，与农业生产和农民生活紧密相关。分析了农村能源综合建设工作中存在的一些问题和不足，提出加快农村能源综合建设的对策建议。     

海外油气项目经济极限值测算

海外油气项目经济评价复杂,涉及的评价指标很多,关键指标包括"最小经济储量规模"和"单井经济界限"测算,海外油气项目中这两个指标与国内油气项目的测算方法和思路是不同的。在海外项目中,资源国获得的收益一般占到整个项目收益的60%～80%。海外油气勘探开发项目的经济极限值测算,必须研究项目的合同财税条款及相关因数,并根据合同财税条款编制经济评价模型,严格按经济评价模型进行测算,才能获得正确的、有价值的评价结果。探讨了海外油气勘探开发项目经济极限值的测算方法,举例分析了最小经济储量规模、单井经济界限值的计算方法。最小经济储量规模的测算应用贴现现金流法,根据具体项目的财税条款编制经济评价模型,结合项目的技术及经济参数进行测算;单井经济界限的测算,主要应用增量法,并举例说明单井初始日产量及经济可采储量的测算。     

Implementation of village electrification projects in developing countries: The role of case

The International Centre for Application of Solar Energy (CASE) is the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation's (UNIDO) agency for the promotion of renewable energy technology in developing countries. This paper presents the role of CASE and methodology that CASE is adopting for the sustainable development of renewable energy projects for the benefit of rural communities. In addition it outlined various renewable energy options and a village electrification project model.     

Contrastive study between the biomass energy utilization structure and the ecotype energy utilization structure in rural residences — A case in Hunan province,China

The purposes of this study are to look into the actuality of rural residential energy consumption in Hunan province, China, to improve rural residential energy utilization structures, and to protect the environment. An investigation on rural residential energy consumption was carried out in the villages of Xintian and Jiangwan in the spring and summer of 2005. Biomass energy is used in Xintian while biogas is popularized in Jiangwan. A questionnaire survey covered basic information of residences in the two villages, and energy consumption data of each family in the spring and summer were also recorded continuously. The characteristics of energy utilization structures of the two villages, the one with biomass energy utilization structure and the other with the ecotype energy utilization structure, are contrasted, and seasonal variance characteristics of energy consumption in spring and summer are analyzed. Sequentially, influence factors of rural residential energy consumption are further discussed qualitatively and quantificationally. Environmental benefit is assessed finally when biogas substitutes biomass energy. Conclusions are summarized as follows: In Xintian, a complicated energy structure is still dominant, where biomass energy accounts for a significant proportion and manifold energy resources exist simultaneously; the energy consumption is high; categories of energy resources used by households vary between spring and summer. The energy structure is definitely better in Jiangwan, where the ratios of commercial energy and ecotype energy used are both higher than those in Xintian and the ratio of biomass energy is smaller. Categories of used energy resources are also more constant in spring and summer. The total energy use amount of each season in Xintian is larger than that in Jiangwan respectively, while there is little difference in the efficiency energy use amount of each season between the two villages. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the accessibility of local energy resources, the domestic economical level, governmental energy policies, and consumption conceptions of farmers affect energy utilization structures definitely, while the efficiency of cookers, the number of family members, and annual income have effect on energy consumption amounts. Environmental analysis shows that the usage of biogas makes a great contribution in optimizing the energy consumption structure, reducing energy consumption, discharging less harmful gases and keeping the ecosystem in balance. The comparison between biomass energy and ecotype energy provides instructions for future development of rural residential energy consumption in China.     

Grid electrification challenges, photovoltaic electrification progress and energy sustainability in Lesotho

Lesotho's energy profile is characterized by a predominance of traditional biomass energy to meet the energy needs of the rural households and a heavy dependence on imported petroleum for the modern economic sector needs. As a result, the country faces challenges related to unsustainable use of traditional forms of biomass and exposure to high and unstable oil import prices. There are relatively abundant renewable energy resources in the form of hydro, solar and wind. The average daily solar radiation in Lesotho varies between 4.5 and 6.5 kWh/m², with some areas in the South West averaging over 7 kWh/m²/day. Under the UNDP/GEF-supported Lesotho Renewable Energy-Based Rural Electrification (LREBRE) Project, a total of 5000 solar home systems (SHS) will be installed by 2012. Since the start of the project, a total of 1537 SHS with a capacity of 65 W have been installed, and an estimated 500 SHS have also been independently installed as a result of the project's influence. This paper examines the role of PV technologies in the sustainable development process, with particular reference to UNDP/GEF-LREBRE Lesotho PV project, and the extent to which this project is impacting on the PV industry. The paper also analyses national grid electrification and energy provision in rural areas and shows that the problem of rural electrification could be tackled by conventional and non-conventional means.     

Hope and skepticism: Farmer and local community views on the socio-economic benefits of agricultural bioenergy

U.S. government policies and programs promoting agricultural bioenergy development have tended to prioritize national goals of energy security, economic growth and environmental improvement, while marginalizing the local experiences, views and concerns of farmers and rural communities that will produce the needed energy crops. Based on qualitative field interviews with 48 farming and non-farming participants in two switchgrass bioenergy projects (in southern Iowa and in northeastern Kentucky), this paper examines local perspectives on the potential opportunities, drawbacks, and tradeoffs of the emerging agricultural bioeconomy for rural people and places. Individual project participants expressed both positive and negative perceptions about the impacts of the agricultural bioeconomy, with local and regional revitalization being the benefit most desired and also least expected. Skepticism about the social impacts of the agricultural bioeconomy often stemmed from observations of corporate control in agriculture more generally. This research suggests that narrow instrumental views of farmers and rural communities as technical providers of energy feedstocks can be misleading, because they omit the local social and cultural context that complicates rural responses and receptivity to the development of the agricultural bioeconomy.     

云南省区域性农村能源综合建设模式

对云南省4个农村能源类型区的现状，特点及今后的发展趋势进行研究，总结出各具特色的区域性农村能源综合建设模式，指出多模式互补是云南省农村能源综合建设的必由之路。     

西藏农村能源可持续发展面临的问题与对策

介绍了地处青藏高原的西藏可再生能源资源:电力资源、太阳能资源、地热资源、风能资源和生物质能的发展历程,分析了西藏农牧区能源利用现状,指出西藏农村能源利用面临的主要问题和困难,并针对这些问题提出了西藏农村能源可持续发展的对策:①加快小城镇化进程,实现能源资源的合理配置;②因地制宜,多能互补;③调整农村能源消费结构,积极支持可再生能源开发。     

Renewable energy strategies for rural Africa: is a PV-led renewable energy strategy the right approach for providing modern energy to the rural poor of sub-Saharan Africa?

Rural areas continue to be home to majority of the population in Africa. The importance of providing modern energy to rural areas cannot, therefore, be overemphasised. Despite numerous efforts by Governments and donors in the region to promote solar photovoltaics (PVs) for rural electrification (almost every country in the region has had a rural electrification PV project), access to modern energy in rural Africa continues to be woefully low. In addition to being unaffordable to the rural masses, solar PV has the limitation that it can only be used for lighting and powering low-voltage appliances. This article reviews emerging trends in the rural energy sector of sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses the limitations of over-reliance on solar PV. It suggests possible options that could have greater impact on rural clean energy development. For the majority of rural households in the region, biomass fuels will continue to be the dominant fuel of choice. Efficient technologies for the use of biomass would, therefore, ensure that scarce biomass resources are effectively utilised, and reduce the negative impacts of biomass use on women and children's health. Solar thermal, windpumps, micro-/pico-hydropower and cleaner fuels such as kerosene and LPG, have not received adequate attention from policy makers. These energy options could significantly improve the performance of rural small- and micro-enterprises. This article argues that rural energy policies that emphasise a broader range of renewables and target income-generating activities are likely to yield greater benefits to the rural poor than the current policies that rely on the solar PV option.     

农村可再生能源适用技术的经济性分析

在农村和城市能源消费模式有很大的区别,在城市能源消费具有相当的密集性,而大部分可再生能源由于其资源密集度较低以及市场竞争能力不足不适宜在城市应用,但在农村则不会造成很大问题,因为农村的用能密集度也不高。一些可再生能源利用技术在农村发展和生态环境保护中发挥了重要的作用,促进了农村的可持续发展。文章将以实例研究的形式重点讨论几种适用山区农村和平原农村的可再生能源利用技术的经验性及其适应性。     

Involving the user : Community based management of solar home systems in Indonesia

Taking existing technologies simply off the shelf and handing them over to users might in the beginning satisfy stakeholders and users involved in a rural electrification project but the likelihood of failure and disappointment is very high. Pitfalls are well known and have led to a slow down of entrepreneurial initiatives and market development. In Indonesia with its long history of harnessing new and renewable energy technologies (NRE), participatory development is not common for decentralized rural electrification (RE) schemes. Although electrification by means of Solar Home Systems (SHS) has a long tradition throughout the archipelago, community-based management has long been neglected and hence projects have been prone to failure. Implementing SHS in a sustainable way is still far from routine business and requires competent resources, interdisciplinary know-how if the scheme should last long and public knowledge about the benefits of electricity utilization. In this article Claus Dauselt, describes the Indonesian SHS experience and aspects important for sustainable, decentralized rural electrification in particular the need for community involvement in the project right from the start.