我国南部几种果树蜂花粉营养成分研究

对菠萝，蒲桃，黄皮，杨桃等４种果树蜂花粉营养成分的分析，结果表明：其蛋白质含量为１８．０６％￣２１．３８％，可溶性糖为１５．７５％￣３０．４９％，４种蜂花粉均含有１８种水解氨基酸，含量为１６．７７４％￣２２．８０５％，游离氨基酸含量为２７７．０９７￣８３９．９０６ｍｇ／１００ｇ。氨基酸分为９０．０￣９８．４分，并含有丰富的维生素、矿质元素和脂肪酸等营养物质。不同果树的蜂花粉及同种蜂花粉的不同营养素     

木本油料石栗的初步研究

石栗是一种野生的木本油料树种,对石栗籽的物化特性,石栗油的组成和性质,石栗仁的氨基酸组成进 行了研究。结果表明石栗仁的粗脂肪含量高达６６．２２％,粗蛋白含量为２１．６６％,其中蛋氨酸为３．９５ｍｇ／１００ｍｇ,赖 氨酸为２．１５ｍｇ／１００ｍｇ;石栗油的不饱和脂肪酸含量很高,达９０．１％,其中多不饱和脂肪酸为５７．８％,亚油酸含量 最高为３４．６％。     

烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和马铃薯X病毒(PVX)的提纯及抗血清的制备

在温室内将提纯的ＴＭＶ和ＰＶＸ病毒，通过摩擦接种在普通烟（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍＬ．）上做为繁毒植物。通过ＰＥＧ沉淀和差速离心，获得提纯病毒。病毒含量分别为２１．４２ｍｇ／１００ｇ鲜重和２４．５０ｍｇ／１００ｇ鲜重。在紫外分光灯下测定ＯＤ值，分别在２４８ｎｍ（ＴＭＶ）和２４６ｎｍ（ＰＶＸ）为最低，２６０ｎｍ为最高。消光系数ＯＤ２６０／２８０分别为１．２０和１．２２。提纯抗原进行回接试验，指示植物产生明显症状，用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄ佐剂分三次肌肉免疫家兔，所得抗血清效价为１：２０４８，然后利用（ＮＨ_４）_２ＳＯ_４提取球蛋白，并利用ＨＲＰ进行酶标记，制备出的抗血清现已应用于生产。     

神农架及三峡地区菠菜种质资源品质评价

４２份来源于神农架及三峡地区的菠菜品种的还原型维生素Ｃ、粗蛋白质和草酸含量范围（占鲜重）分别为４．８－２９．４ｍｇ／１００ｇ；２．１０－５．９３％；０．６４－１．４８％。与全国普遍栽培的４个品种比较，维生素Ｃ含量高的有５个品种；粗蛋白质含量高的品种１１个；草酸含量低的品种有７个。通过系统聚类，划为８个类群，第６、４、５、３类在不同方面和不同程度上表现出各自的优势。第８、７、１、２类的品质不甚理想。     

玉米须中氨基酸的含量测定

应用日立８３５－５０型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了玉米须中氨基酸的含量。分析结果表明，含有１６种氨基酸。总氨基酸含量：每１００ｇ玉米须为１３３１７．４６ｍｇ。其中人体必需氨基酸有７种，含量占氨基酸含量的１／３。     

甘薯新品种绵薯四号的生产力及其它特性研究

甘薯新品种绵薯四号在５年３９点次的试验中,平均鲜薯产量２８．５４ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,藤叶产量２４．４３ｔ／ｙｍ６２,分别比对照南薯８８增产１３．７１５和２５．３５％。烘干率２７．０％,出粉率１４％－１６％,维生素Ｃ含量３１．２ｍｇ／１００ｇ,鲜薯粗蛋白含量１．６２％,类胡萝卜素含量２．９２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

花生种子SOD活性及热稳定性研究

８个花生品种ＳＯＤ活性及热稳定性研究的结果表明：花生种子ＳＯＤ活性高,每克鲜重含９００～１６００单位之间。在几个品种中,普通型（沭阳大站秧和沛县大拖秧）ＳＯＤ活性最高,平均为１５７６．８Ｕ／ｇＦＷ;珍珠豆型（赣榆小站秧和太仓拨藤）ＳＯＤ活性较低,平均为９５４．５Ｕ／ｇＦＷ。８个花生品种ＳＯＤ同工酶谱相同,均为６条Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ带和１条Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ带。其中Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ以徐州６８—４活性最高,为２１９．７Ｕ／ｇＦＷ,其它几个品种Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性在５６～１００Ｕ／ｇＦＷ。８个花生品种的ＳＯＤ都具有较高的热稳定性,在９０℃保温１０ｍｉｎ仍保留了２２％～４１％的活性,其中Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ热稳定性高于Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ。     

S_(3307)浸种对冬小麦生理特性及产量的影响

用不同浓度（１０、３０和６０ｍｇ／Ｌ）Ｓ３３０７浸种冬小麦。结果表明,冬小麦的比叶重、叶绿素含量、电解质渗出率、Ｏ÷２产生速率、ＭＤＡ含量均低于对照;ＳＯＤ、可溶性糖含量高于对照;千粒重增加１．４２～２．０１ｇ;产量提高４．８％～１２．１３％。从本实验的各项生理指标综合来看,Ｓ３３０７在冬小麦生产中具有一定的应用价值。     

S3307浸种对冬小麦生理特性及产量的影响

用不同浓度（１０、３０和６０ｍｇ／Ｌ）Ｓ３３０７浸种冬小麦。结果表明,冬小麦的比叶重,叶绿素含量、电解质渗出率,Ｏ２＾－产生速率,ＭＤＡ含量均低于对照,ＳＯＤ,可溶性糖含量高于对照,千粒重增加１．４２－２．０１ｇ,产量提高４．８％￣１２．１３％。从本实验的各项生理指标综合来看,Ｓ３３０７在冬小麦生产中具有一定的应用价值。     

木薯渣固态发酵植酸酶的条件研究

木薯渣粗蛋白及无机盐含量较低,与麸皮、米糠混合或同时添加无机氮源及无机盐,可作为发酵培养基合成植酸酶。高浓度的磷抑制植酸酶的合成。最佳发酵条件为：木薯渣为唯一碳原,添加 ２％ ＮＨ４ＮＯ３, ０．０１％ Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４, ０．０５％ ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ, ０．０５％ ＫＣＩ, ０．０１％ ＦｅＳ－Ｏ４· ７Ｈ２Ｏ, ０．９％ ＳＤＳ,培养基水分含量 ６０％～６５％, １０ｇ木薯渣／２５０ ｍＬ三角瓶,接种量为２ｍＬ菌悬液（２．８×１０个孢子／ｍＬ）,自然 ｐＨ值,培养温度 ２８～３１℃,第８ｄ达产酶高峰,高峰期产酶量为 ６７３０ Ｕ／ｇ干曲。      

Effects of soybean genotype and growing location on oil and fatty acids in tofu

Soyfood products like tofu are becoming popular among American consumers due to health benefits. In order to increase production to meet consumer demands, it is imperative that factors that effect quantity and quality of tofu be characterized. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of soybean genotypes and growing locations on contents of oil and fatty acids in tofu which was prepared from twelve soybean genotypes (BARC-8, BARC-9, Enrei, Hutcheson, MD86-5788, Nakasennari, S90-1056, Suzuyutaka, V71-370, V81-1603, Ware, and York) grown at three southern U.S. locations (Huntsville, Alabama; Princess Anne, Maryland; and Petersburg, Virginia) during 1995. The results showed that tofu quality was determined by the soybean genotype. The tofu made from seeds of high seed-protein and low seed-oil genotypes (BARC-8 and BARC-9) resulted in tofu with low contents of oil (15.8 and 11.3 g/100g, respectively) and total saturated fatty acids (2.59 and 160 g/100g, respectively). Tofu made from seeds of conventional grain type genotypes, such as Hutcheson, resulted in higher oil (24.0 g/100g) and total saturated fatty acids (3.80 g/100g) contents in tofu. Effects of growing environment on contents of oil were not significant but tofu made from seeds grown in Alabama had significantly higher content of total saturated fatty acids (3.50 g/100g) as compared to that made from seeds grown in Maryland (2.88 g/100g) or Virginia (2.96 g/100g). Tofu made from seeds of large and medium-seeded genotypes had higher contents of total monounsaturated fatty acids in tofu as compared to that made from small-seeded genotypes. Highly positive correlation existed between contents of oil, 18:1, 18:2, total saturated, and total unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds and their contents in the tofu (+0.80, +0.75, +0.79, +0.62, +0.68, respectively). These results indicated that tofu quality is governed by soybean genotype, seed size and growing location.     

四川黑茶品质化学成分的研究

采用氨基酸自动分析法、高效液相色谱法分析了四川黑茶原料、渥堆叶、康砖成品茶的氨基酸、儿茶素组成含量及咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物的含量。四川黑茶原料氨基酸含量为1424.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为547.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为87.15βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为27.63βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.30%、8.18%、26.94%;渥堆叶氨基酸含量为1590.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为668.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为67.62βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为27.52βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.24%、7.90%、24.53%;康砖成品茶氨基酸含量为1420.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为529.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为66.88βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为13.65βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.27%、5.99%、23.92%。     

Nutritional evaluation of spent grains from sorghum malts and maize grit

Potential use of the high protein by-product of beer production from 77% sorghum malt and 23% maize grit was investigated. Red sorghum spent grains (RSSG) and white sorghum spent grains (WSSG) contained 23.4 and 19.3% crude protein (CP), 54 and 43% dietary fiber (NDF), 1.44 and 0.78% ash, 4.5 and 3.2% hexane extract and tannin content of 7.5 and 1.0 mg/g catechin equivalent respectively. Magnesium was the most abundant mineral in both RSSG and WSSG — 185 and 140 mg/kg, respectively. Calcium, zinc, iron and copper were generally low. Both samples contained cadmium 1.12 (WSSG), 1.19 (RSSG) and lead at 1.38 mg/kg. Lysine was the limiting amino acid (chemical score 0.55) in both samples. Other essential amino acids were adequate or surplus. Stearic acid was the predominant fatty acid with varying levels of lauric, myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids in both samples. Feed intake and weight gain were highest in rats fed 26.3% WSSG (contributing 50% of the diet protein) but protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein retention (NPR) were highest in diets where spent grains contributed just 25% of the diet protein. True digestibility of diets decreased as dietary fiber content increased such that animals on diets containing 100% spent grain protein (above 20% NDF) lost weight.     

Nutrient Content of Four Edible Wild Plants from West Africa

Non-cereal plant foods in the Western Sahel of Africa contribute significantly to the diets of local residents, especially during periods of grain shortages. In this paper, we analyze four such plant foods including diyan kwakwa (nut of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L.), muricin giginya (young shoot of Borassus aethiopum), tsamiya biri (fruit of the tree, Tamarindus indica), and yari (a mixture of lichens, mainly Rimelia reticulate) that grows on ebony trees (Diospyros mespiliformis). They were analyzed for their content of amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. Although diyan kwakwa contained the highest protein content (27.1%), its protein quality fell below the WHO standard in 3 of 8 essential amino acid categories. Yari and muricin giginya contained moderate levels of good quality protein. Only diyan kwakwa contained calorically significant amount of total fatty acid (24.7%); however, none of the plants contained useful amounts of the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid, or α-linolenic acid. All four plants contained useful amounts of zinc (> 12 μg/g dry weight), while yari contained the most calcium (14.7 mg/g dry weight) and iron (1.41 mg/g), and diyan kwakwa the most copper. All the four plant foods contained lesser amounts of magnesium, molybdenum, or selenium. These data indicate that the four plants contain useful amounts of various essential nutrients that could supplement the diets of populations inhabiting the Western Sahel.     

Chemical composition and profile characterisation of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed oil

Seeds of a Tunisian variety (Béjaoui) of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) were analysed for their main chemical composition and for their oil properties. Expressed on dry weight basis, seed moisture was 8.46%, whereas contents of proteins, fibre, ash, fat, and total sugars established at 33.92%, 3.97%, 21.97%, 31.57%, and 0.11% respectively. Gas chromatography revealed that the major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids (44.11%, 34.77%, and 15.97% respectively). Seed oil was also found to be rich in tocopherols with a predominance of δ-tocopherol (42.27%). The sterol marker β-sisosterol accounted for 39.6% of total sterols contained in seed oil of this variety. Six phenolic acids (protocatechuic, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, p-coumaric and ferulic) were detected, the syringic acid being predominant (7.96 mg/100 g). As a whole, based on its seed oil features, pumpkin may be considered as a valuable source for new multi-purpose products for industrial, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical utilisation.     

Studies on samh seeds (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei Hochst) growing in Saudi Arabia: 2: Chemical composition and microflora of samh seeds

The chemical composition of samh seed have been investigated. Proximate analysis showed a composition of 22.25% protein, 5.7% moisture, 5.6% fat, 4.0% ash, 9.7% crude fiber, and the remainder being total carbohydrates. Mineral element analysis revealed that potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium were present as the major elements. Iron, manganese, zinc and copper were found at lower levels. However, lead was not detected in the samh seeds. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the methylester of the fatty acids of the samh seeds oil revealed the presence of fourteen fatty acids. Linoleic and oleic acids were the principle unsaturated fatty acids. While palmitic acid was the main saturated fatty acid. Amino acid analysis of the samh seeds showed the presence of seventeen amino acids including eight essential amino acids. Glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid were the major amino acids. Cystine and proline were present in trace amounts. These results some of which have not been reported elsewhere indicate the high nutritional potential of Saudi samh seeds. The total aerobic bacterial count and total sporeformers of seeds were 19×10⁷ and 5×10⁴ cfu/g respectively, thus the enterobacteriaceae,B cereus and yeast and molds were 5×10², 1×10² and 7×10² respectively. The seeds were Staph. free and the samh extract had no antimicrobial effect.     

不同产地紫米营养成分比较及其相关性分析

为评价不同品种紫米淀粉、脂肪、花青素、多酚、氨基酸和矿质元素间的差异,探究不同营养成分之间的关系,选取云南墨江（MJ）、湖南新化（HN）、贵州黎平（GZ）和陕西汉中（SX）4个产地的紫米,并与红米（R）、黑米（B）进行比较。结果显示,不同产地紫米成分含量存在差异,具有不同营养特征。HN紫米的淀粉含量最低（68.13%）,脂肪（2.38%）、矿质元素Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、P、Zn含量最高,其中Mn（80.37 mg/kg）、Na（10.75 mg/kg）元素显著高于其他产地;MJ和SX紫米花青素（533.03 mg/kg,412.54 mg/kg）、多酚（340.55 mg/100 g,387.91 mg/100 g）含量显著高于其他产地,而GZ紫米花青素（156.55 mg/kg）和多酚（239.23 mg/100 g）显著低于其他产地紫米。SX紫米氨基酸总量（74.37 g/kg）与必需氨基酸（total essential amino acids,ΣEAA,26.09 g/kg）含量最高,与其他紫米差异不显著。紫米成分间相关性分析显示,花青素与多酚呈极显著正相关（0.625）,二者分别与Ca呈显著负相关（-0.571,-0.549）。Asp、Gly与Fe、Ca呈显著正相关,大部分元素间呈显著正相关。不同有色稻米间,红米淀粉（74.73%）含量最高,花青素（9.05 mg/kg）、氨基酸总量（55.94 g/kg）、ΣEAA（19.78 g/kg）、Fe（6.51 mg/kg）、Mg（609.41 mg/kg）、P（1746.72 mg/kg）元素含量最低,与紫米和黑米差异显著（P<0.05）。黑米花青素（533.03 mg/kg）、多酚（453.53 mg/100 g）含量显著高于（P<0.05）其他有色稻;黑米和紫米氨基酸含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,但显著高于（P<0.05）红米。有色稻ΣEAA与非必需氨基酸总量（total non-essential amino acid,ΣNEA）比例在0.54左右。主成分分析将3种有色稻分为红米、紫黑米两组,前3个主成分可以解释总方差的91%。第一主成分（PC1）贡献率为67.5%,代表矿质元素,说明产地是有色稻米成分组成差异的主要原因。第二主成分（PC2）占总方差的18.2%,主要为总花青素含量、氨基酸等。     

花生品质的影响因素研究Ⅰ.花生品种因素

研究证明，花生品种类型间和同一类型不同品种间以及同一品种不同成熟度的籽仁，其品质均存在显著差异。粗脂肪含量，最高58．7％，最低43．66％，粗蛋白质含量，最高34．75％，最低21．06％；油亚比（O／L），最高2．173，最低0．807；人体必需氨基酸含量，最高8.93g/100g.最低6.57g/100g；人体必需脂肪酸含量，最高40.68%,最低29．16％，总糖含量，最高6．78％，最低4．56％，VC含量，最高7.38mg/kg，最低2.42mg/kg；VB1含量，最高14.84mg/kg,最低7.96mg/kg;硒含量，最高0.086mg/kg，最低0.072mg/kg。说明影响花生品质首先是品种本身的遗传因子，通过正确运用育种手段可以选育出优质综合和优质专用型花生新品种。     

31份枇杷种质资源的果实氨基酸含量及组分分析

测定31份枇杷种质资源果实氨基酸含量及组成。结果表明：氨基酸总量（TAA）最高为单边种（519.15 mg/hg）,最低为新西兰白肉（228.66 mg/hg）,变异系数为17.18％;31份种质均含有17种氨基酸,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸是最主要的2种氨基酸;17种氨基酸中,甲硫氨酸的变异系数最高（47.86％）,甘氨酸的变异系数最低（12.71％）;必需氨基酸平均含量94.95 mg/hg,占TAA的29.10％;鲜味氨基酸平均含量144.44 mg/hg,占TAA的43.04％;药用氨基酸极高,占TAA的71.94％;野生种质人体必需氨基酸/总氨基酸比值显著高于栽培种质;来自日本的种质芳香族氨基酸含量较高;红肉种质与白肉种质各类氨基酸含量差异不显著。     

Quality characteristics of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. oil

The oil content and quality characteristics of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. oil are described. The oils were extracted from the mesocarp and endocarp using hexane to remove the free flowing lipid (FFL) and successive extraction with CHCl₃-MeOH followed by water saturated butanol to remove bound lipid (BL). On a dry matter basis, the mesocarp contained 68.3% FFL and 13.7% BL while the endocarp contained 67.0% FFL and 13.0% BL. The quality characteristics of the mesocarp oil extracts were 151.9–195.3 mg KOH/g fat saponification value (SV), 20–40 mEq peroxide/kg fat peroxide value (PV), 71.1–94.9 g iodine/100 g fat iodine value (IV) and 1.33–8.30 mg KOH acid value (AV). Characteristics for the endocarp oil extracts were 95.4–184.3 mg KOH/g fat SV, 4.0–8.0 mEq peroxide/kg fat PV, 100.1–118.3 g iodine/100 g fat IV, and AV of 0.48–8.70 mg KOH. The fatty acid composition of the first hexane extracts indicated that the oils were primarily C16 and C18s. The mesocarp contained 31.7% hexadecanoic acid, 30.0% 9-octadecenoic acid, 30.1% 6,9-octadecadienoic acid and 8.2% 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, while the endocarp, contained 31.2% hexadecanoic acid, 28.9% 9-octadecenoic acid and 31.3% 6,9-octadecadienoic acid.