基于改进蚁群优化算法的网络服务质量路由算法

针对当前无线网络路由算法存在丢包率高、节点拥塞严重的难题,提出一种基于改进蚁群优化算法的网络服务质量路由算法。首先根据无线网络的特点选择带宽、端到端的延迟、数据包丢失率以及链路花费作为QoS参数,并建立一个多约束网络服务质量路由优化问题的数学模型,然后采用具有正反馈机制和搜索能力强的蚁群优化算法对数学模型进行求解,并根据无线网络路由特点对标准蚁群优化算法进行改进,提高其搜索性能,最后采用具体仿真实验对路由算法的性能进行测试。实验结果表明,改进蚁群优化算法在满足网络质量要求的条件下,不仅降低了网络平均延时,而且减少了网络数据丢包率,性能优于其它算法。     

移动边缘计算环境下基于改进GPSR的VANET路由算法

针对车辆自组织网络(VANET,vehicular ad-hoc network)中现有路由协议存在的路由选择错误、丢包率较高、服务质量低等问题,提出了移动边缘计算环境下,结合改进贪婪周边无状态路由(GPSR,greedy perimeter stateless routing)和自适应链路质量评估的VANET路由算法;首先,结合边缘计算构建了VANET通信模型,对其车辆位置和速度进行系统的理论分析;将边缘计算架构应用于VANET能够有效缓解计算量大、与车辆有限且不均的资源分布之间的矛盾;然后,提出了基于节点移动速度和节点间距离的改进GPSR协议,通过自适应链路稳定性和链路传递速率评估来选择合适的中继节点,动态更新链路;通过SUMO仿真平台对路由算法的性能进行评估,实验结果表明,相对于其他算法,所提算法受车辆密度、交通流以及车辆相对速度的影响较小,且提高了分组传送率(车辆数为300时传送率达到92%),减少端到端延迟(交通流为5时延迟降低到1.5 s),从而降低了通信开销。     

基于流量调度的SDN数据中心网络拥塞控制算法

针对采用软件定义网络(SDN)的数据中心网络拥塞的问题,提出一种基于流量调度的数据中心网络拥塞控制算法。当链路发生拥塞时,该算法首先判别拥塞链路中 链路上关键度最大的大流,然后对大流进行重路由计算,选择调度开销最小的流,并进行调度代价计算,最后对调度代价最小的流进行调度。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效缓解网络拥塞,降低丢包率,提高链路利用率,使得网络性能更为稳定。     

软件定义车联网的数据转发机制

针对现有车联网（VANET）中数据转发效率低的问题,提出了软件定义网络（SDN）的数据转发机制。首先,设计了软件定义车联网的分层次网络模型,该模型由局部控制器和车辆组成,实现控制与数据转发分离,具有可扩展性、独行性等特点;其次,设计了车辆路由转发机制,该机制采用动态规划和二分搜索的方法,以实现高效的数据转发;最后,通过仿真验证,对比无线自组网按需平面距离向量路由（AODV）、目的节点序列距离矢量路由（DSDV）、动态源路由（DSR）和最优链路状态路由（OLSR）算法,所提的数据转发机制在传递成功比上提高大约100%,而端到端延迟时间降低大约20%。实验结果表明,软件定义车联网的数据转发机制能够提高路由转发效率、减小延迟。     

微纳卫星网络的可信蚁群安全路由算法

微纳卫星节点能量受限,具有移动性,缺乏有效的安全路由算法保护,为此提出基于信任机制的可信蚁群安全路由算法。根据节点的行为结合剩余能量计算出节点的信任值,使用蚁群算法综合考虑节点信任值和移动性选择可信度高且能够形成稳定链路的节点传输数据。仿真结果表明,所提路由算法能够有效抵御微纳卫星网络中内部恶意节点对数据传输的影响,在平均端到端时延、丢包率和平均能耗等指标上都有改善。     

基于改进Dijkstra算法的配用电通信网流量调度策略

针对配用电通信网中数据汇聚易产生拥塞的问题,提出了一种复合边权值流量调度路由算法。首先,依据跳数建立节点分层模型;然后,划分配用电业务优先级和节点拥塞等级;最后,以跳数、流量负载率和链路利用率为综合指标计算边权值,对需要流量调度的节点根据改进的Dijkstra算法进行路由选择,同时对重度拥塞节点按照配用电业务优先级进行调度。与最短路径（SPF）算法和贪婪背压算法（GBRA）相比,在数据生成率为80 kb/s时,所提算法紧急型业务丢包率分别减少了81.3%和67.7%,关键型业务丢包率分别减少了79%和63.8%。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效缓解网络拥塞,提高网络有效吞吐量,降低网络端到端时延和高优先级业务的丢包率。     

基于蚁群遗传混合算法的QoS组播路由

具有延迟、延迟抖动、带宽、丢包率等服务质量约束的组播路由问题具有NP完全的复杂度。基于蚁群优化算法和遗传算法,提出解决QoS约束组播路由问题的混合算法。利用遗传算法和蚁群优化算法各自的优点,使用蚁群优化算法选择种群,遗传算法优化蚂蚁遍历所得到的解。仿真实验结果表明,该算法可满足各个约束条件,且全局寻优性能好,能够满足网络服务质量要求。     

Hadoop平台下一种改进蚂蚁算法的QoS路由研究

随着未来云计算的发展,各种云服务的应用将需要更高的网络性能。链路拥塞导致的数据包传输时延或数据包丢弃使得网络无法保障业务的QoS。目前普遍使用的链路状态路由算法不具有拥塞响应机制。本文通过在拥塞节点间发送连接蚂蚁寻找新路由来解决拥塞问题。NS2仿真结果表明,该算法能加快新的路由搜索,满足QoS的需求,并有效控制丢包率,时延等性能。     

基于人工免疫的工业认知无线网络路由机制

工业互联网（industrial Internet）已成为第四次工业革命的代表技术.根据工业网络数据传输服务的需求,以及针对工业无线网络拓扑相对稳定、流量规律变化等特点,提出了一种基于人工免疫系统（artificial immune system,简称AIS）的工业认知无线网络路由机制,包含基于链路质量的域内静态路由算法和基于多路径的域间动态路由算法,以实现工业网络的可靠路由.根据人工免疫系统特点,将工业网络的拓扑结构进行区域划分：提出了基于链路质量的域内静态路由算法,采用软硬件结合的方式监视网络链路,并根据移动窗口指数加权平均法计算链路丢包率;提出了基于多路径的域间动态路由算法,根据模式距离对节点的流量周期进行预测,防止节点因流量过大而导致丢包.基于OMNET++仿真平台进行仿真实验,结果表明,所提出的路由机制在应对突发流量时与组合定向地理路由算法相比,丢包率及网络开销分别降低1倍;应对链路失效的情况时与图路由算法相比丢包率降低4倍.     

基于最短路径搜索序列编码的多下一跳路由

多下一跳路由较之单下一跳路由有许多天然的优势,通过分析现有多下一跳路由实现机制下的路由算法,提出了基于最短路径搜索序列编码的多下一跳路由.针对SPT(shortest path tree)路由实现机制无法利用等距离邻居节点之间链路的问题,提出了采用Dijkstra算法对网络节点编码赋值的思想.该方法可以对节点进行严格有序的赋值,规范了链路传输方向,有效地避免了环路,提高了网络资源利用率.仿真分析结果表明了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

Link weight assignment and loop-free routing table update for link state routing protocols in energy-aware internet

In order to lessen the greenhouse effects and diminish environmental pollution, reducing energy usage is important in designing next generation networks. Shutting down the network devices that carry light load and redirecting their traffic flows to other routes is the most common way to reduce network energy consumption. Since traffic demands among node pairs vary in different time periods, an energy efficient network has to dynamically determine the optimal active links to adapt itself to network traffic changes. However, in current IP networks, shutting down and/or turning on links would trigger link state routing protocols to reconverge to a new topology. Since the convergence time would take tens of seconds, routing table inconsistencies among routers would result in network disconnection and even worse, generating traffic loops during the convergence interval. Removing routing images inconsistent among routers to prevent loops is a critical issue in energy efficient network and this issue is still not considered in the green network design yet. The contribution of the paper is presented in two parts. First, we propose a comprehensive approach to determine a network topology and a link metric for each time period. Traffic engineering is considered in our design such that flows going on the energy-aware network are within a predetermined percentage of the link capacity such that no congestion occurs in a statistical manner. Second, to avoid transient loops during time period changes, we propose a Distributed Loop-free Routing Update (DLRU) scheme to determine the correct sequence for updating the routing table. A scrupulous proof was also presented to ensure the loop-free property of the DLRU. In this paper, we formulate an integer linear programming to determine this multi-topology and link weight assignment problem. Due to its NP-hard property, we propose an efficient algorithm, termed Lagrangian Relaxation and Harmonic Series (LR&HS) heuristic. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed LRHS approach outperforms the other approaches on several benchmark networks and random networks by providing up to 35%-50% additional energy saving in our experimental cases.     

WSNs中基于可变夹角动态路由的源位置隐私保护方案

2014年,Spachos等人提出了保护原节点位置隐私的基于夹角的动态路由方案(ADRS),但此方案是对固定夹角区域进行数据传输,不能动态改变夹角给出最优路径。为了进一步增强源节点位置隐私安全,提出动态地改变ADRS中固定夹角的新方案——基于可变夹角的动态路由方案(VADRS)。该方案通过对每一跳选择最优角度进行数据传输,改进了ADRS的安全性能。实验表明,在不显著增加网络平均端到端延迟下,新方案能够延长网络的平均安全周期,增强源节点位置隐私的安全性。     

基于ARIMA模型的Ad-hoc网络节点位置预测加权分簇算法

在加权分簇算法(WCA)中引入预测机制,即在算法的路由维护阶段嵌入时间序列模型(ARIMA),用以预测网络节点的地理位置。利用ARIMA模型实时预测出节点下一时刻的地理位置,并以此计算出节点的累计保持时间预测值。将通过预测得到的累计保持时间值与时间预警阈值进行比较,在簇结构即将不稳定时,即在链路断开之前,提前启动预修复过程,寻找新的路由,降低网络拓扑动态变化的影响,维护簇结构的稳定。仿真结果表明,相对于LO-WID以及没有加入预测机制的RLWCA,ARP-LWCA算法大幅度提高了网络的分组投递率,降低了网络的归一化开销,并且使得路由中断次数有了明显减少,改善了网络的整体性能。     

Probabilistic odd–even: an adaptive wormhole routing algorithm for 2D mesh network-on-chip

Wormhole routing is a popular routing technique used in network-on-chip. It is efficient but susceptible to deadlock, while deadlock will significantly degrade the network performance of NoC. Most existing adaptive wormhole routings avoid deadlock by reducing the degree of adaptiveness and thus sacrificing network performance. In this paper, we address both deadlock and network performance issues jointly, and propose a probabilistic odd–even (POE) routing algorithm that achieves the minimum packet delivery delay. The proposed POE dynamically adjusts the probabilities of constrained turns that may lead to deadlocks according to the current network conditions, and uses an efficient deadlock detection and recovery scheme when a deadlock happens. By adopting constrained turns adaptively to the network status, it not only reduces the frequency of deadlock and allows the network to be swiftly recovered when it occurs, but also greatly improves the degree of adaptiveness to obtain high network performance. Experimental results show that our method achieves a significant performance improvement both in terms of network throughput and average packet latency compared with the existing methods such as XY, odd–even, abacus turn model and fully adaptive routing algorithm while it only has moderate energy consumption.     

一种基于Ad hoc网络AODV协议的不相交节点多路径路由算法

针对Ad hoc 网络低功耗无线通信的链路不确定性、链路质量不稳定性以及节点失效等问题,基于AODV路由协议提出了不相关节点路由算法。该算法使用简单的数字标志来搜寻不相关节点路径,并通过设置节点的阈值判断链路质量和失效节点来确定可靠的路由链路。仿真实验表明,该算法有很好的报文投递率,并能有效地减少网络链路中断的数量,降低端到端的延迟。     

Designing a Reliable IPTV Network

Meeting IPTV's quality of service constraints (such as low latency and loss) requires designing the right combination of underlying IP-transport, restoration, and video and packet recovery methods. Carriers use link-based fast reroute (FRR) as the primary transport restoration method to achieve this goal. Although we can carefully tune the link weights in the IP routing protocol to avoid traffic overlap from FRR during single link failures, multiple failures can still cause path overlap in long-distance networks. By having FRR, IGP, and multicast protocols work in harmony and with appropriate link weight assignments, this approach can help minimize path overlap during multiple failures.     

EDXY – A low cost congestion-aware routing algorithm for network-on-chips

In this paper, an adaptive routing algorithm for two-dimensional mesh network-on-chips (NoCs) is presented. The algorithm, which is based on Dynamic XY (DyXY), is called Enhanced Dynamic XY (EDXY). It is congestion-aware and more link failure tolerant compared to the DyXY algorithm. On contrary to the DyXY algorithm, it can avoid the congestion when routing from the current switch to the destination whose X position (Y position) is exactly one unit apart from the switch X position (Y position). This is achieved by adding two congestion wires (one in each direction) between each two cores which indicate the existence of congestion in a row (column). The same wires may be used to alarm a link failure in a row (column). These signals enable the routing algorithm to avoid these paths when there are other paths between the source and destination pair. To assess the latency of the proposed algorithm, uniform, transpose, hotspot, and realistic traffic profiles for packet injection are used. The simulation results reveal that EDXY can achieve lower latency compared to those of other adaptive routing algorithms across all workloads examined, with a 20% average and 30% maximum latency reduction on SPLASH-2 benchmarks running on a 49-core CMP. The area of the technique is about the same as those of the other routing algorithms.     

SDN中基于遗传机制的自适应路由算法研究

SDN以集中式的控制、可编程的接口等优点,极大地提高了网络的管控效率及操作的灵活性。但在SDN部署运行中,也暴露出传输时延大、丢包率高等缺点。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的自适应SDN路由算法,该算法利用遗传算法在SDN的全局网络视图中搜索优化路径。算法设计时,对交叉、变异操作进行条件约束,避免产生无效的路径,减小求解空间,降低控制器计算开销。同时能根据网络的动态变化,自适应地选择转发路径。通过Mininet仿真平台进行实验,与其他算法相比,该算法降低了网络的时延以及丢包率,提高了网络性能。