衡钢1号高炉锌平衡研究及减轻锌负荷的措施

对衡钢1号高炉的主要原燃料及除尘灰的锌质量分数进行了取样分析,并结合高炉生产数据进行了锌负  荷与锌平衡计算。结果表明,高炉锌负荷主要来源于烧结矿。最后根据烧结矿原料中锌的分布情况,提出了减轻高炉锌负荷的措施。     

除尘灰中微量有害元素的富集形态研究

为解决高炉有害元素对炼铁系统的危害,结合国丰炼铁系统的烧结、高炉除尘灰SEM、EDS、XRD、面扫描分析,得出以下结论：烧结机尾除尘灰及高炉重力除尘灰的有害元素含量较少,可直接应用到烧结生产中;而烧结机机头除尘灰含有害元素K、Cl、S,并且烧结矿中K与Cl元素几乎都以KCl形式存在,高炉除尘灰有害元素较为复杂,其有害元素存在形式多为絮状结晶,且以Zn形核长大为主,K、Cl形成KCl粘附于絮状晶体上,S也几乎全部集中在絮状晶体中。烧结机头除尘灰及高炉布袋除尘灰必须经过处理才能再次应用到烧结生产中。     

新钢烧结、炼铁锌平衡研究及控制措施探讨

对新钢2 500 m~3高炉炼铁和对应的烧结工序的锌平衡情况进行研究,结果表明:进入高炉的锌量为1.055 kg/t,主要由烧结矿和球团矿带入,其中烧结矿带入的锌量占总量的84%,高炉锌主要由布袋灰排出(占总排出量的89%);烧结工序中,带入的锌量为1.162 kg/t,主要来源于混匀料、内部冷返矿和除尘灰(占总量的97.47%),锌的排出由烧结矿和返矿带出(占总排出量的95.92%)。结合新钢生产实际情况,提出了在烧结、炼铁工序中减少锌带入量、加大锌排出量的建议。     

锌对高炉生产的影响及研究

通过研究邯钢2#高炉入炉原燃料和产物Zn的含量发现，高炉的Zn负荷为0.576 kg/t,高炉的排Zn负荷为0.305 kg/t,排锌率52.95%,高炉正处于Zn的积蓄期。入炉原燃料中烧结矿的Zn负荷为0.478 kg/t,占比最高，到达了82.32%,烧结矿是高炉Zn的主要来源，控制烧结矿的锌含量就必须严格控制混匀料中炼钢除尘灰、瓦斯灰的添加比例。Zn对高炉的破坏主要有两点，一是Zn会破坏焦炭、烧结矿、球团矿的强度，导致料层的透气性降低，压差升高。二是粘结在炉身上部、炉喉、上升管、下降管等部位形成“锌瘤”,影响高炉安全生产。     

莱钢烧结、高炉锌的分布及平衡研究

对莱钢型钢区域的烧结、高炉进行了系统的锌分布及平衡研究。结果表明,265m2烧结机的锌金属带入量为0.88kg/t,主要由混匀料和冷返矿＋灰带入（合计95.40%）,由烧结矿和返矿带出（合计97.77%）;1#高炉的锌金属带入量为0.85kg/t,主要由烧结矿和球团矿带入（合计92.45%）,由重力灰和布袋灰排出（合计82.86%）。结合莱钢生产实际,提出了降低锌带入量及提高脱锌率的建议,如除尘灰、污泥等通过转底炉脱锌后再利用,通过高炉操作降锌等。     

京唐高炉高球比下含铁固废流重构解析

京唐二期建成投产后拟将高炉球团比例从30%提高到50%,工艺配置与原料条件发生重大变化。根据循环极限理论推导了烧结矿、高炉除尘灰的钾、钠、锌元素极限含量和高炉钾、钠、锌元素极限入炉负荷。结果表明,京唐二期投产后如果高炉旋风灰仍返回烧结回收使用,将导致高炉入炉锌负荷显著提高,因此提出以高炉稳定顺行为目标的含铁固废流重构技术,将含锌固废集中于转底炉进行脱锌和金属化处理,再返回高炉或转炉使用,确保入炉锌负荷可控。     

除尘灰在烧结过程中的综合利用

进入二十一世纪以来,我国钢铁行业发展迅猛,在钢产量增加的同时,冶金粉尘产生量也急剧增加.冶金粉尘中主要含有铁、锌、铅等有价元素,如果不加以回收利用,不仅浪费了大量的可回收利用资源,而且会给周围环境造成较大的污染.因此,研究冶金粉尘的综合利用,可以充分利用冶金粉尘中的各种有价元素,获得一定的经济效益,同时消除粉尘堆放造成的环境污染,取得经济效益、环境效益和社会效益的同赢.本文主要研究烧结过程中如何对除尘灰的综合利用,试验以北钢实际生产过程中产生的粉尘为原料,根据北钢高炉干法除尘灰、电炉除尘灰、转炉湿法除尘,含铁、碳高、低的各自特点,将各种除尘灰按一定的比例混合后,在烧结配料中以三种不同的配比方式参加总配料比,即1%、3%、5%,按照比例配入后在一定的温度范围内(1000±100℃)进行烧结试验.主要考察烧结后成品矿的品位、碱度稳定率、返矿率,确定了合适的配比方案.试验结果表明,北钢的高炉干法除尘灰、电炉除尘灰和转炉除尘污泥在其他条件不变的情况下,混合后的除尘灰配比在3%时,烧结矿品位稳定在55%-56%、碱度稳定率90%以上、返矿率在18%以下,有效降低烧结矿成本.     

高炉内锌的分布及平衡

了解高炉内锌的来龙去脉对高炉的冶炼和寿命至关重要。对宝山钢铁股份有限公司的高炉生产进行了系统取样,测定了样品的锌含量,并结合高炉的生产数据对2、3号高炉进行了锌平衡计算,分析了锌在高炉内的分布。计算结果表明：入炉原料中烧结矿的锌含量是影响高炉锌负荷的主要因素,2号高炉中的锌主要由炉顶煤气带走,而3号高炉中的锌主要由渣、铁(包括集尘灰)带走。     

国丰1780m~3高炉烧结-高炉系统碱金属平衡的研究

为了弄清国丰1 780 m3高炉中碱金属的来源与去向,降低高炉碱负荷以减轻碱金属对高炉的危害,对国丰1 780 m3高炉以及为其供给烧结矿的230 m2烧结机进行了碱金属的平衡研究。结果表明:国丰烧结过程中的K主要由白灰带入,Na主要由巴西粗矿带入;1 780 m3高炉吨铁碱负荷为5 047 g,进入高炉的碱金属主要来源于烧结矿;高炉中的K、Na主要通过炉渣排出。     

首钢京唐高炉碱金属的危害及应对措施

对首钢京唐高炉碱金属的收支现状进行了简要分析,重点阐述了首钢京唐高炉碱金属对焦炭劣化、NMA炭砖侵蚀方面的影响,并提出了应对措施。目前京唐高炉带入碱金属比例最高的为球团矿,带入锌比例最高的为烧结矿,碱金属主要靠炉渣来排出,锌主要靠除尘灰排出。认为,炉内操作中应适当降低炉渣碱度,进行常态化排碱;保证适当开放的中心气流,有利于增强有害元素的排出效果,尤其是有利于锌的排出。     

Laudatio: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Dres. h. c. Heinz H?fner

During the course of a year, there are many healthcare workers nationwide who sustain sharps injuries whilst carrying out their duties. Staff who work in the Accident and Emergency (A & E) units are no different from anyone else in this respect. The emotional cost of such an accident cannot be calculated, whereas the financial costs can. This article aims to show how the cost of an injury to a member of staff can be calculated, thus allowing a manager to assess the financial implications of sharps injuries to their department. In the absence of access to an Occupational Health (OH) department, most A & E units have to respond to sharps injuries to healthcare workers in the hospital. This task must be attended to by the medical staff as well as the nursing staff of the A & E unit. Within the following text the appropriate responses and methods to ensure uniformity of response are discussed. The tables and the calculation figures shown are taken directly from the information held in the St James's University Hospital Trust's OH department. All calculations are based on the middle band of the salary scale for each discipline. Accurate costings for each member of staff injured cannot be shown in this article, but the general principle is laid down and can be easily followed for any situation.     

1969 C.P.A. Institute.

Presents the program for the C.P.A. Institute entitled "The Role of Counseling Services on the Contemporary Campus." The Institute was held on June 2-3, 1969. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rats, Man . . .

Comments on the article by Richter entitled "Rats, Man, and the Welfare State" (see record 1960-02810-001). The commenter notes that in his article Richter did not indicate how hereditary and environmental factors were controlled. In comparing the hereditary survival characteristics of wild versus domesticated rats, it would be essential that the environmental influences on the survival characteristics of the wild rats should be ruled out. Another factor to be considered is that the wild state may offer a diet and other environmental influences, which in the life of a single individual would produce organic changes, accounting for some of the differences between wild and domestic rats. It would seem that the most effective way to determine the hereditary differences between wild and domestic rats would be to create a wild group, composed solely of the offspring of wild rats. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The blood-brain barrier. I. Histology. Physiology. Embryology. Transport

The concept of blood-brain barrier (bbb) arose in the beginning of the 20th century after report that the dyes injected intravenously did not appear in the brain. The idea and definition of bbb has been changed many times since then. We present current opinion concerning bbb, its histology, embryology, ultrastructure and function on the ground of a review of the recent literature.