超音速火焰喷涂WC涂层抗热疲劳性能的研究

采用HVOF技术喷涂了WC涂层,并对涂层的抗热疲劳行为进行了研究.试验结果表明,HVOF涂层经过15次整体热震试验后,涂层均保持完好无损,未出现裂纹及剥落等任何缺陷;而等离子喷涂的WC涂层经过3次热震试验后就基本开裂和脱落.这充分说明了HVOF涂层具有非常高的抗热疲劳性能.     

高性能纳米氧化锆热障涂层性能研究

采用HVOF 技术喷涂金属粘结层NiCrAlY 作为底层,采用APS 技术喷涂纳米氧化锆陶瓷层作为面层,制备高性能热障涂层。设计正交试验优化HVOF 和APS 工艺,分析了优化工艺制得的热障涂层的微观形貌及性能。分析表明,NiCrAlY 涂层孔隙率小于2%,纳米氧化锆涂层孔隙率为15%。通过胶膜法测得纳米氧化锆热障涂层喷涂态的结合强度为30.4 MPa,且涂层经1100 益水淬50 次后表面无宏观裂纹,热生长氧化层为致密的Al2O3。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层热震失效过程及残余应力分析

采用等离子喷涂技术在高温合金上制备了热障涂层(粘接层为NiCoCrAlY,陶瓷层为ZrO2-8%Y2O3),利用扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(RFS)等试验手段研究了热障涂层热震失效的过程及残余应力大小和分布状态。结果表明:150次热循环后,陶瓷层和热生长氧化物(TGO)生成裂纹,其中陶瓷层的裂纹已扩展至TGO;350次热循环后,出现贯通陶瓷层与金属过渡层的纵向裂纹,涂层局部出现剥离,剥离位置位于TGO与陶瓷层界面;拉曼光谱(RFS)分析结果显示TGO内应力水平分布不均,局部厚大区和凸凹处残余应力较大,是裂纹萌生、扩展的主要部位。     

等离子喷涂纳米热障涂层热震性能

采用等离子喷涂工艺制备常规和纳米结构ZrO2-7%Y2O3热障涂层,比较两种涂层在850℃下的热震性能,并探讨其热震失效机理。结果表明,不管是首次出现宏观裂纹(局部剥落)还是达到热震失效,纳米结构热障涂层的热震次数都明显高于相应的常规涂层。相对于常规涂层,纳米结构涂层有较好的抗热震性能。等离子喷涂常规热障涂层的热震失效形式为大面积整体剥落,而纳米结构热障涂层热震失效形式为边角局部剥落。     

高韧性过渡层对大气等离子喷涂热障涂层性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

高温服役环境下,大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备的纳米结构热障涂层受热应力作用,黏结层/陶瓷层界面附近的陶瓷层内部易形成横向裂纹而导致热障涂层失效。利用常规大气等离子喷涂和超音速等离子喷涂(SAPS)制备8YSZ高韧性过渡层。结果表明,采用APS和SAPS制备的高韧性过渡层提高了扁平化粒子间结合状态和涂层致密度,相比常规结构8YSZ涂层的断裂韧性分别提高约46%和84%,高韧性过渡层均提高了复合结构热障涂层结合强度、抗热震性能和燃气热冲击寿命,SAPS制备的高韧性过渡层厚度为30~50μm时复合结构热障涂层抗热震性能最优,当高韧性过渡层厚度为10~30μm时,相比常规结构热障涂层燃气热冲击寿命提高120%。在温度梯度作用下,热障涂层最终失效由陶瓷层逐层剥落转变为靠近陶瓷层/黏结层界面处剥落。通过高韧性过渡层设计,兼顾热障涂层的隔热性能的同时,提高了热障涂层的结合强度和寿命。     

CoNiCrAlY黏结层结构设计及其对热障涂层结合强度和抗热震性能的影响

目的 设计热障涂层黏结层结构,改善涂层结合强度和抗热震性能。方法 制备了5种结构的CoNiCrAlY黏结层,即超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)底层+等离子喷涂(APS)上层的双层结构黏结层试样,对其进行1 050℃真空热处理3 h后的试样,APS黏结层试样,HVOF黏结层试样及其真空热处理试样。再在以上5种试样表面制备Y₂O₃部分稳定ZrO₂(YSZ)陶瓷层,研究黏结层的表面粗糙度、相组成、微观组织结构及其对涂层试样结合强度、热震性能的影响。结果 制备态的黏结层由γ/γ’和β-NiAl两相组成,真空热处理后β相含量增多,表面粗糙度下降。在所有涂层试样中,双黏结层的涂层试样的结合强度最低,为28.43 MPa;对其真空热处理后得到的涂层试样的结合强度最高,达到39.42 MPa,主要原因在于热处理促进了两黏结层之间的扩散,提高了界面强度。双黏结层的涂层试样的抗热震性能最好,200次热震后涂层无明显剥落,而APS黏结层的涂层试样的抗热震性能最差,涂层抗热震性能的差异在于黏结层微观结构的不同。结论 双黏结层的结构设计综合了APS、H...     

燃气热冲击对PS-PVD和APS热障涂层的微结构和隔热性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)和大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术分别制备柱状和层状YSZ陶瓷层,在1 250℃的燃气热冲击下对比研究两种涂层体系的微结构演变和隔热性能变化。结果显示,燃气热冲击后PS-PVD和APS制备的两种YSZ层主要由t'相和c相构成。APS制备的YSZ层微裂纹不断生长开裂并出现局部层状剥落,而PS-PVD制备的YSZ层的"菜花头"间隙不断增大并出现局部"菜花头"剥落。同时表明,PS-PVD制备的热障涂层在长期燃气热冲击时抗氧化性及隔热效果均优于APS制备的热障涂层。     

三种热障涂层的组织性能

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了三种不同材料的热障涂层(TBC),对涂层进行了组织性能的分析比较.结果表明,Al-1075的TBC结合强度最高,为 24.66 MPa,具有良好的抗热震性能;KF-230的TBC结合强度最低,为 16.06 MPa;LG-210的TBC结合强度居中,抗热震性能最差.分析认为,氧化物层(TGO)在热障涂层中的失效起至关重要的作用,TGO是裂纹的产生源,是裂纹扩展的通道,是热障涂层系统中的最薄弱环节.因此抑制TGO是提高涂层结合强度、改善涂层抗热震性能的重要措施.     

等离子喷涂ZrO2—NiCoCrAlY梯度热障涂层的抗热震性及失效机理

研究了ZrO2-NiCoCrAlY热障涂层的抗热震性和热震失效机理。实验结果表明,梯度热隙涂层能明显延缓热震裂纹的形成和扩展,具有较高的抗热震性。热震裂纹形成与扩展主要在粘结层与基体的界面处。随热循环次数的增加,热震裂纹可在表面陶瓷层内和陶瓷层与过渡层的界面处形成。实验表明热障涂层热震失效的过程主要是裂纹形成、扩展及涂层剥落,粘结层的氧化是导致涂层剥落失效的重要原因。     

预氧化处理对热障涂层热冲击性能及残余应力的影响

采用等离子喷涂工艺在镍基高温合金基体上制备了热障涂层(底层为MCrAlY,面层为ZrO2+ 8％ Y2O3),通过控制高真空烧结炉的氧分压对涂层进行预氧化处理,分析了预氧化处理对热障涂层热冲击性能和涂层应力状态的影响.结果表明,预氧化处理提高了粘接层的致密度,涂层组织变得均质化,降低了粘结层由于凸起尖角产生复杂应力的概率;有效干预热生长氧化物(TGO)的生长过程,降低了TGO的生长速度;热障涂层残余应力随热冲击次数的增加而增大,但经过预氧化处理的涂层应力增长幅度较缓慢,经过400次热冲击后的残余应力为492.5 MPa,未经过预氧化处理涂层热冲击350次后应力值为650.1 MPa.     

Evolution of thermal properties of EB-PVD 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings with thermal cycling

During high-temperature exposure, the microstructure of thermal barrier coatings evolves, leading to increased thermal conductivity. We describe the evolution in the thermal properties of a 7 wt.% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ electron beam-physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) thermal barrier coating with thermal cycling between room temperature and 1150 °C until failure. The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the coating were evaluated non-destructively based on the analysis of its photothermal infrared emission. Although the coating density does not increase significantly with thermal cycling, the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the coating increased substantially, particularly during the first 20 1 h cycles. The values then approach a limiting value. Complementary Raman spectroscopy suggests that the increase is accompanied by a reduction in the defect concentration in the coating and that there is also a correlation between the width of the Raman lines and the thermal conductivity.     

无冷却喷涂工艺对其制备的热障涂层的裂纹系统和寿命的影响

无冷却喷涂形成的热障涂层裂纹体系,可提高陶瓷顶层应变容限.但目前缺乏对裂纹体系的系统研究,特别是横向分叉裂纹.因此,文中研究送粉率和基体预热温度对陶瓷顶层裂纹系统的定量影响,并比较不同裂纹系统的热循环寿命.结果表明,增加送粉率,垂直裂纹密度和横向分叉裂纹长度均呈现先大后小的趋势.预热温度的提高可增加涂层中垂直裂纹数量,但横向分叉裂纹长度呈现先增后降的趋势.热循环试验表明,维持一定垂直裂纹的同时,降低横向分叉裂纹可提高涂层热循环寿命.     

Particular behavior of spindle thermal deformation by thermal bending

Thermally induced errors reduce the accuracy in precision machining, and a great deal of research has been presented on compensation for these errors in machine tools. However, during the transition period after commencing or stopping spindle rotation, thermal deformation behavior is very complex. In particular, the y-directional movement of the vertical machining center cannot be explained by thermal expansion alone because of the relationship between deformation and temperature. Thermal bending that is generated from the thermal gradient in the structure causes this movement. In the research described in this paper, a theoretical explanation and an experimental verification is given for the particular behavior of spindle thermal deformation. As it is not easy to map the relationship of the compensation model, separation of the steady from the non-steady state in the mapping process is strongly recommended.     

Ambient and high-temperature thermal conductivity of thermal sprayed coatings

Aside from its importance as a design parameter for thermal barrier coatings, measuring thermal conductivity of thermal sprayed coatings itself provides a unique method to critically characterize the nature, quantity, and anisotropy of the defect morphologies in these splat-based coatings. In this paper, the authors present a systematic assessment of thermal conductivity of wide range using the flash diffusivity technique. For the case of plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), coatings obtained from wide-ranging initial powder morphologies as well as those fabricated under different particle states were characterized. Both in-plane and through-thickness properties were obtained. Other material systems that were considered include: metallic alloys and semiconductors of interests. Issues such as reproducibility and reliability in measurements were also considered and assessed. Finally, work in collaboration with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for alternate approaches to characterization of thermal conductivity as well as high-temperature measurements was performed. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

热循环对热障涂层力学性能的影响

通过纳米压痕仪测试了热障涂层(TBCs)在1050℃热循环不同时间后的弹性模量和硬度,从微观层面了解其高温力学性能变化.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对涂层的物相和形貌进行了分析.结果表明:采用纳米压痕仪测得Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2(YSZ)陶瓷层的弹性模量(Ei)在80-170 GPa之间,硬度在2.6-5.8 GPa之间.陶瓷层的硬度和弹性模量均随热循环时间增加而增加,在热循环初期,涂层的强度稍高,随着热循环时间的增加,涂层的强度减小,韧性变得更好.热循环后期,涂层的强度最大.同时,随着热循环时间的增加,划痕形貌发生了明显的变化.热障涂层的失效分析表明:由于氧化循环次数增加,YSZ发生了烧结,在热循环作用下样品内部的内应力升高,产生横向裂纹,从而导致柱状晶结构发生破坏而产生失效.     

等离子喷涂热障涂层的热循环氧化行为研究

本文采用大气等离子喷涂在HA188合金基材上制备NiCrAlY+YSZ热障涂层，并进行了1100 oC、1120 oC和1150 oC三个温度点的高温循环氧化行为对比研究。结果表明，随着考核温度的升高，热障涂层热循环失效寿命显著下降，失效主要是由YSZ/NiCrAlY界面附近YSZ 层中裂纹形成和扩展导致。循环失效后的YSZ与制备态的相结构一样，均为非平衡四方相t"-ZrO2，未发生t"→c+m相变。在热循环过程中，YSZ/NiCrAlY界面形成的热生长氧化物层（Thermally Grown Oxide, TGO）增厚基本符合“抛物线”规律，并且YSZ中裂纹的产生和扩展与TGO的增厚直接相关。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层的隔热性分析

采用大气等离子喷涂方法制备不同类型的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆热障涂层：传统涂层、纳米团聚粉末制备的纳米涂层和空心球粉末制备的空心球涂层。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、压汞仪和激光脉冲法观察和测试各种涂层的组织形貌、空隙分布和导热系数,并在相同条件下测试各种涂层的隔热性能。结果表明：纳米涂层空隙率最低,内部孔洞细小。空心球涂层组织相对疏松,内部层片更薄,有最高的空隙率和最大的平均空隙大小。传统涂层介于二者之间。纳米涂层和传统涂层均表现出双态空隙大小分布。涂层的导热系数均随着温度的上升而升高。传统涂层的热导率最高,纳米涂层与空心球涂层的热导率相接近。纳米涂层具有最好的隔热性能,空心球涂层接近纳米涂层的隔热效果。隔热效果与涂层厚度呈线性关系。随着厚度增加,导热系数低的纳米涂层和空心球涂层的隔热效果增长幅度高于传统涂层。     

焊接热力耦合仿真热边界条件研究

热边界条件定义是焊接热力耦合仿真前处理设置的重要环节,直接影响到仿真结果的准确性,尤其是对于铝合金类高导热材料焊接仿真而言。本文研究了焊接热力耦合仿真热边界条件的定义方法,通过实验与仿真,对温度场和残余应力分布模拟结果的影响因素进行了探讨。     

Finite element simulation of thermal barrier coating performance under thermal cycling

In this paper, a numerical simulation of stress development within the air plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating system incorporating nonlinear behavior under compression for the top coat ceramic layer is presented. The nonlinear behavior as well as its evolution with sintering at high temperature is simulated using a microstructure based model. The simulation results indicate that this nonlinearity has a significant role on distribution of the residual stresses in this layer resulting from the thermal cycling. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of the microstructural features of the top coat ceramic layer on residual stress distribution. It is revealed from the simulation results that the variation of porosity has only a negligible effect on the residual stress distribution. In addition, the stresses accountable for the crack growth can be lowered by changing the microcrack densities of the top coat layer within a specified range.     

焊接热循环过程中氢陷阱热释放的数值分析

基于焊接热循环过程的特点,分别提出了热循环的升温段和冷却段过程中氢陷阱的热释放的动力学模型,并运用数值分析的方法,对焊接热循环中氢陷阱的热释放过程进行了研究.结果表明,高强度低合金钢的多层多道焊中,前一焊道受后续焊道的热循环作用下,焊道中的氢陷阱存在热释放过程,且弱氢陷阱在热循环的升温段就基本完全被释放出去,而稳定性较...