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Objective
Observe and report seat belt use among children transported in belt-positioning booster seats.Design
We conducted a cross-sectional, observational survey of children transported in motor vehicles between 2006 and 2007. While drivers completed a survey reporting the child's age, weight and gender, and the driver's age, gender, race, income, education, and relationship to the child; a child passenger safety technician recorded vehicle seating location, restraint type, and use of the car safety seat harness or seat belt as appropriate for the child.Setting
Twenty-five fast food restaurants and discount department stores throughout Indiana.Participants
A convenience sample of drivers transporting children younger than 16 years.Main exposure
Seat belt use among children transported in belt-positioning booster seats.Outcome measure
Seat belt misuse.Results
Overall, 1446 drivers participated, 2287 children were observed with 564 children in belt-positioning booster seats. At least one seat belt misuse was observed for 64.8% of the children transported. Common misuses were the shoulder belt being placed over the booster seat armrest (35.8%); shoulder belt not at mid-shoulder position (28.5%), seat belt was too loose (24.5%), and the shoulder belt was either behind the child's back (9.1%) or under their arm (10.0%).Conclusion
There is a high frequency of seat belt misuses among children transported in booster seats. Advice to parents on appropriate car seat selection, and encouragement to parents to supervise seat belt use may decrease misuse. 相似文献2.
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Suzanne Czech Anthony P. Shakeshaft Christopher M. Doran 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2010,42(4):1195-182
Context
Existing studies have identified that, although to a lesser extent than individual factors such as males and young people, rural (compared to urban) communities represent a disproportionately high-risk of alcohol-related traffic crashes (ARTCs). To date, however, few studies have attempted to apply different costs to alcohol crashes of different severity, to provide more precise, and practically useful, data on which to base public health policy and intervention decisions.Objective
The aim of this study is to quantify the per capita prevalence and differential costs of alcohol crashes of different levels of severity to determine the extent to which urban and rural geographical areas may differ in the costs attributable to ARTCs.Design
A cross-sectional analysis of alcohol-related traffic crash and costs data from 2001 to 2007.Setting and participants
Data from New South Wales, Australia.Main outcome measures
Modified routinely collected traffic accident data to which costs relevant to alcohol crashes of different severity are applied.Results
Although the rate per 10,000 population of alcohol-related crashes is 1.5 times higher in rural, relative to urban, communities, the attributable cost is four times higher, which largely reflects that rural alcohol-fatalities are seven to eight times more prevalent and costly.Conclusions
Given that per capita alcohol-related fatal crashes in rural areas account for a disproportionately large proportion of the harms and costs associated with alcohol-related traffic crashes, the cost-effectiveness of public health interventions and public policy initiatives should consider the relative extent of ARTC-harm in rural versus urban communities. 相似文献15.
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Jo Hannah Leyda 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2011,11(4):411-413
Calendar
Training 相似文献19.
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