OFDM系统基于导频的信道多径时延估计

本文针对宽带正交频分复用(OFDM)系统,分析了多径时延扩展与循环前缀(cP)长度及导频数目的关系.随后利用导频的频域相关性估计得到信道时域功率时延谱(PDP),并根据PDP提出信道均方根(RMS)时延及最大多径时延门限值的估计算法.最终实现OFDM系统对信道多径参量的实时跟踪,有利于系统参数自适应调整.仿真结果表明,本文算法在低复杂度条件下可以有效获知当前传输信道模型多径时延参数的近似统计信息.     

OFDM叠加导频联合信道估计和检测方法

针对现有正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)系统信道估计和迭代检测算法中频谱效率低和鲁棒性差等问题,提出了一种基于酉近似消息传递和叠加导频的信道估计与联合检测方法。首先,在软调制/解调中叠加导频对正交幅度调制的星座点进行预处理,检测时将叠加的导频作为频域符号的先验分布,利用置信传播算法进行调制和解调,实现检测模型的简化。然后,应用因子图-消息传递算法对OFDM传输系统和信道进行建模和全局优化,引入酉变换加强信道估计算法的鲁棒性。最后,建立OFDM仿真环境对现有方法进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,相对于现有的独立导频类算法,所提算法能够以相同复杂度显著提升OFDM系统的频谱效率和鲁棒性。     

OFDM中基于导频的加窗FFT信道估计

正交频分复用（OFDM）是一种正交的多载波复用技术,分析了OFDM系统中基于导频的信道估计模型;基于导频的信道估计需要进行插值,为了降低插值算法的复杂度,研究了基于导频的FFT信道估计算法。由于直接FFT信道估计算法存在能量频谱泄露问题,提出了基于汉明窗函数的优化型加窗FFT信道估计的算法。实验仿真表明：在多径衰落信道下,该算法能够有效地提高OFDM系统的信道估计性能。     

信道特性对OFDM信道估计中导频模式选择的影响

分别介绍了基于梳状导频和块状导频的OFDM信道估计的原理,重点研究了上述两种导频在不同的信道环境中的信道估计性能.仿真分析展示了两种导频模式对传输信道的不同参数的敏感程度,由此给出了在不同的传输信道条件下导频模式的选择依据.     

基于直接判决和导频跟踪的OFDM系统快时变信道估计

提出了一种基于直接判决的OFDM系统的快时变信道估计方法。采用了直接判决算法进行信道估计，并从中选择有效的估计结果，联合导频信号进行信道跟踪。将基于训练序列的信道估计结果作为直接判决算法的初始值，利用传输信号直接判决的统计特性进行了信道估计，并利用改进的导频算法进一步地跟踪信道在时间上的变化。Simulink仿真结果表明，该估计算法适用于时变信道，比基于导频的信道估计方法和基于训练序列的信道估计方法效果都要好。     

OFDM水声通信中最大多普勒频偏估计算法研究

在水声通信中,发射与接收端相对运动引起的多普勒频移会严重恶化OFDM系统传输效果.因此多普勒频移估计是水声通信的关键技术之一.本文采用的最大Doppler频移估计算法,是利用信道功率谱的分布对接收的导频信号进行频域差分检测来进行估计.这种方法复杂度低,精度较高,无需获得正确的信道时域冲击响应信息,也无需再对信号进行自相关运算,而且特别适用于低信噪比的水声通信系统.     

OFDM系统基于信道多径时延检测的自适应信道估计

针对宽带正交频分复用(OFDM)系统,提出了一种基于信道多径时延估计的自适应信道估计算法.文章分析了无线信道的特性,随后利用导频频域相关性进行多径时延估计,提出通过动态跟踪信道时延估计参数自适应选择信道估计中适宜的导频数目的方法,同时实现循环前缀(CP)长度的实时调整.仿真结果表明,在时变环境下,本文算法可以有效获知当前信道时延参数的近似统计信息,实现对系统冗余信息的优化.     

基于LTE的导频信道估计研究

正交频分复用(OFDM,Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)技术是长期演进(LTE,Long Term Evolution)的核心技术之一.目前,基于导频的信道估计是OFDM系统中信道估计的常用方式.在基于导频的信道估计方式下,结合LS估计算法提出了一种下向插值算法(DWI).在LTE信道模型及导频结构下,通过MATLAB仿真工具,将该算法和现有各种算法的性能进行了比较和分析.仿真结果表明,使用结合LS估计算法和DWI算法的OFDM系统信道估计机制,具有复杂度低、易于实现的优点.     

基于BP神经网络的OFDM系统信道估计

针对正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)系统中传统信道估计算法复杂度高或估计精度低的问题,给出一种基于反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的信道估计方法.采用Simulink仿真工具构建OFDM信号采集平台,建立了基于BP神经网络的OFDM系统信道估计模型,并以均方误差和误码率为主要评价指标,分析了不同网络参数和导频数量对信道估计性能的影响.仿真结果表明,与传统信道估计算法相比,基于BP神经网络的信道估计算法可以提供更优的系统性能,而且可以减少导频数量,提高频带利用率.     

BICM-OFDM系统中基于叠加导频的迭代信道估计

传统叠加导频算法应用在正交频分复用系统中存在信道估计精度差的缺点。针对比特交织编码调制（BICM）联合正交频分复用（OFDM）的系统（BICM—OFDM）,提出一种利用叠加导频的迭代信道估计算法。该算法充分利用了均衡器的反馈信息,分两步进行。首先,导频信号叠加在发送信号上,接收端采用一阶统计量进行初始信道估计;然后利用均衡器的硬判决反馈信息,在信道估计与均衡之间进行信息交换,通过迭代的方式提高信道估计精度。在短波宽带信道下的仿真结果表明,与传统叠加导频算法相比,新算法经过二次迭代可有效提高信道估计精度和系统误码率性能。     

Low complexity channel estimation for space-time coded wideband OFDM systems

In this article, channel estimation for space-time coded orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is considered. By assuming that the channel frequency response is quasi-static over two consecutive OFDM symbols, we develop channel parameter estimators based on the use of space-time block coded (STBC) training blocks. Using an STBC training pattern, a low-rank Wiener filter-based channel estimator with a significant complexity reduction is proposed. A simplified approach for the optimal low-rank estimator is also proposed to further reduce the estimator complexity while retaining an accurate frequency domain channel estimation. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed low complexity channel estimators for space-time trellis coded OFDM systems.     

Space-time channel estimation and performance analysis for wireless MIMO-OFDM systems with spatial correlation

This paper treats channel estimation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with correlation at the receive antenna array. A two-step channel estimation algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the iterative quadrature maximum likelihood based time delay and spatial signature estimation is presented by utilizing special training signals with a cyclic structure. The receive spatial correlation matrix of the vector valued channel impulse response is formulated as a function of the spatial signature, the time delay, and the pulse shaping filter. The joint spatio-temporal (JST) filtering based minimum mean squared error channel estimator is derived by virtue of the spatial correlation. In addition, the effect of channel estimation errors on the bit error probability performance of the space-time block coded OFDM system over correlated MIMO channels is derived. The Cramer-Rao lower bound on the time delay estimate is provided for a benchmark of the performance comparison. The performance of proposed algorithms is illustrated based on analysis and computer simulations. The JST channel estimator achieves significant gains in the mean squared error compared to the temporal filtering. It also enables remarkable savings in the pilot symbol power level.     

Artificial Neural Network Channel Estimation Based on Levenberg-Marquardt for OFDM Systems

The many advantages responsible for the widespread application of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are limited by the multipath fading. In OFDM systems, channel estimation is carried out by transmitting pilot symbols generally. In this paper, we propose an artificial neural network (ANN) channel estimation technique based on levenberg-marquardt training algorithm as an alternative to pilot based channel estimation technique for OFDM systems over Rayleigh fading channels. In proposed technique, there are no pilot symbols which added to OFDM. Therefore, this technique is more bandwidth efficient compared to pilot-based channel estimation techniques. Also, this technique is making full use of the learning property of neural network. By using this feature, there is no need of any matrix computation and the proposed technique is less complex than the pilot based techniques. Simulation results show that ANN based channel estimator gives better results compared to the pilot based channel estimator for OFDM systems over Rayleigh fading channel.     

基于变换域的OFDM信道估计算法分析

首先对目前OFDM系统中常用的信道估计算法进行了介绍,其次对离散采样信道做出说明,并以此为基础,着重分析传统的基于离散傅里叶变换的信道估计滤波算法,即对接收导频LS(最小二乘)算法估计,通过IDFT转换到时域滤波后,由DFT转换到频域获取信道系数.最后给出了一种基于变换域滤波估计算法.由理论分析和工程实践平台中的仿真验证得出,基于提出的滤波矩阵,此DFT变换域算法性能较传统的DFT滤波方法有较大提升.     

Recursive maximum likelihood estimation of time‐varying carrier frequency offset for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems

A recursive maximum likelihood carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator is proposed in this work, where redundancy information contained in the cyclic prefix of multiple consecutive orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols is exploited in an efficient recursive fashion. Because the estimator is based on multiple OFDM symbols, the time‐varying CFO must be considered. We investigate the effect of time‐varying CFO on the performance of the estimator and the trade‐off between fast tracking ability and low estimation variance. We show that, without channel noise, the mean squared error (MSE) of estimation due to CFO estimation variation increases approximately quadratically with n, where n is the number of OFDM symbols used for CFO estimation (estimation window size), whereas the MSE due to channel noise decreases proportionally to 1/n (approximately) if the CFO is constant. A closed‐form expression of the optimal estimation window size (approximately) is derived by minimizing the MSE caused by both time‐varying CFO and channel noise. For wireless systems with time‐varying rate of change for CFO, the proposed estimator can be implemented adaptively. In addition, typical optimal estimation window sizes for WiMAX, DVB‐SH and MediaFLO systems are evaluated as an example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于维纳滤波的二维联合信道估计的实现

在OFDM系统中,基于导频的信道估计是工程实现中应用最广泛的估计方法.其中,二维维纳(Weiner)滤波器是最小均方误差意义上的最佳线性估计器.文中给出了维纳滤波二维联合信道估计的一种实现方法,采用一种按噪声方差分区间处理,非实时的计算滤波参数的方式.仿真结果表明,该方法的误码性能逼近理想信道估计性能,并较之两个级联的一维线性内插有明显的改善.同时给出了该算法在BF561上的实现,与常用的FPGA实现方案相比,算法在保持定点性能的同时,提供了灵活的编程能力和良好的可扩展性.     

Channel estimation technique in multi-antenna AF relay communication systems

The channel estimation technique is investigated in OFDM communication systems with multi-antenna Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relay. The Space-Time Block Code (STBC) is applied at the transmitter of the relay to obtain diversity gain. According to the transmission characteristics of OFDM symbols on multiple antennas, a pilot-aided Linear Minimum Mean-Square-Error (LMMSE) channel estimation algorithm with low complexity is designed. Simulation results show that, the proposed LMMSE estimator outperforms least-square estimator and approaches the optimal estimator without error in the performance of Symbol Error Ratio (SER) under several modulation modes, and has a good estimation effect in the realistic relay communication scenario.     

基于滤波方法的OFDM信道估计研究

维纳滤波和卡尔曼滤波都是基于最小均方误差准则的滤波方法,本文主要研究这两种滤波方法在OFDM信道估计中的应用。为了跟踪频率选择性信道的变化,采用在OFDM系统中易于实现的梳状导频进行研究。传统的MMSE在统计意义上是最好的线性估计器,但是需要对矩阵求逆,是一种计算量较大,算法较复杂的方法。LMMSE是频域维纳滤波方法,其减小了MMSE的复杂度,但只适用于慢衰落信道,针对时变信道,本文提出卡尔曼滤波的信道估计方法,仿真结果表明,卡尔曼滤波的信道估计方法在时变信道中具有良好的性能。     

一种适用于终端移动的OFDM无线局域网的信道估计方法

本文提出了一种适用于具有移动终端的OFDM无线局域网的信道估计方法.该方法采用了卡尔曼滤波算法进行了信道估计,并利用导频进行信道跟踪.将基于训练序列的信道估计结果作为Kalman滤波器的初始值和观测值,用基于导频的信道估计结果来计算Kalman滤波器参数.并利用导频进一步跟踪信道在时间上的变化.Simulink仿真结果表明,该算法比基于导频的信道估计方法和基于训练序列的信道估计方法效果都要好.     

Robust channel estimation and ISI cancellation for OFDM systems with suppressed features

A feature-suppressed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system and the corresponding channel estimation and intersymbol interference (ISI) mitigation techniques are investigated in this paper. Cyclic prefix (CP) and pilot tones, which are commonly used in civilian OFDM systems for ISI mitigation and channel estimation, create distinctive waveform features that can be easily used for synchronization and channel estimation purposes by intercepting receivers. As a result, CP and pilot tones are eliminated in the proposed feature suppressed OFDM system to reduce the interception probability. Instead, a set of specially designed OFDM symbols, driven by different pseudorandom sequences, are employed as preambles to avoid unique spectral signature. These preambles are inserted into the OFDM data symbol stream periodically and in a round-robin manner. In addition, a random frequency offset is introduced to each preamble to further mask the multicarrier signature. New challenges arising from these feature suppression efforts are studied, including robust channel estimation and demodulation techniques in the presence of frequency offset and severe interference. Based on our interference analysis, an iterative ISI and intercarrier interference (ICI) estimation-cancellation-based technique is proposed for both channel estimation and OFDM data demodulation. Our channel estimator performs joint frequency offset and channel impulse response estimation based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) principle. To reduce its complexity, we employ a number of techniques, which include approximation of the ML metrics, as well as fast Fourier transform pruning. The performances and feasibility of the proposed feature suppressed OFDM system and the channel estimator are analyzed and verified through numerical simulations.