磁流变体(MRF)材料的制备及性能研究

以羰基铁粉为磁性粒子,硅油或烃油为载液,对高浓度、微米级的磁流变体材料进行了研究,并对其各项性能及影响因素进行了分析,通过添加剂的加入,合成工艺的改进,可以得到性能良好的磁流变体材料,该磁流变体在汽车智能减振器的应用试验中取得较好效果。     

水基磁流变液的制备及其性能研究

以经过表面处理的微米级羰基铁粉、亚微米级四氧化三铁粉末为悬浮相,去离子水为悬浮介质,加入适当的添加剂,通过一定的工艺制备出综合性能良好的水基磁流变液.研究了几种含有不同悬浮相粒子和不同添加剂的磁流变液的剪切性能和沉降稳定性能,分析了悬浮相的组成对磁流变液磁流变性能的影响以及添加剂对改善磁流变液抗沉降团聚稳定性的作用.     

稳定型磁流变体材料研究

同时利用触变剂、表面活性剂和固体润滑剂对磁性悬浮相进行适当的处理,采用机械分散和高速乳化分散工艺合成了一种稳定型磁流变液,测试结果表明,该磁流变液具有较低的零场粘度(η0≤1000mPa·s),理想的饱和磁化强度和较高的剪切应力(τ5000Gs＞60kPa),良好的抗沉降、团聚稳定性和润滑减磨性能,并通过了磁流变液阻尼器300万次振动试验,取得了理想的结果.     

各向同性磁流变橡胶材料的摩擦实验研究

分别从宏观和微观角度研究磁场对各向同性磁流变橡胶摩擦性能的影响.搭建了磁流变橡胶的摩擦实验平台,在外加磁场下进行滑动摩擦实验.实验结果表明,磁流变橡胶在轻载且低速条件下,摩擦系数随正压力增大呈减小趋势,而且磁场会使得磁流变橡胶表面的摩擦系数减小,且减小趋势随羰基铁粉体积比的增加呈现非线性变化,当羰基铁粉体积比为10％、正压力为0.25N、磁场强度为250 mT时,其摩擦系数变化最大,减小约25％.通过金相显微镜进一步观测施加磁场前后的磁流变橡胶表面,检测表明磁场使得羰基铁粉在磁流变橡胶表面产生聚集,从而使其表面材料属性及微结构发生变化,该变化是促使磁流变橡胶的摩擦性能发生改变的重要原因.     

各向同性磁流变橡胶材料的摩擦实验研究

分别从宏观和微观角度研究磁场对各向同性磁流变橡胶摩擦性能的影响。搭建了磁流变橡胶的摩擦实验平台,在外加磁场下进行滑动摩擦实验。实验结果表明,磁流变橡胶在轻载且低速条件下,摩擦系数随正压力增大呈减小趋势,而且磁场会使得磁流变橡胶表面的摩擦系数减小,且减小趋势随羰基铁粉体积比的增加呈现非线性变化,当羰基铁粉体积比为10%、正压力为0.25N、磁场强度为250mT时,其摩擦系数变化最大,减小约25%。通过金相显微镜进一步观测施加磁场前后的磁流变橡胶表面,检测表明磁场使得羰基铁粉在磁流变橡胶表面产生聚集,从而使其表面材料属性及微结构发生变化,该变化是促使磁流变橡胶的摩擦性能发生改变的重要原因。     

壁面特征对磁流变液传力性能的影响

为了保证磁流变传动装置的动力传递效果,采用实验方法,分析了不同壁面材料、表面粗糙度大小、壁面形貌、滑差转速及工作间隙对磁流变传力性能的影响规律。研究表明壁面材料对磁流变液动力传递效果影响较为明显,材料磁导率越低,传递转矩越小,容易发生壁面滑移现象;壁面形貌亦为影响传力效果的主要因素,凹凸同心圆表面减弱了磁流变液的传力性能;高滑差转速时,磁流变液颗粒成链较为复杂,其传递转矩随滑差转速的增加而逐渐降低,而工作间距对其传力性能影响不大。     

特种阻尼器用磁流变体材料研究

介绍了一种高频火炮发射系统后坐力阻尼用磁流变体材料.利用电子探针和重力沉降法对悬浮相粒径进行了测试分析,研究了粒径与磁流变体材料的沉降性和磁流变效应的关系,同时探讨了材料的磁化特性和摩擦学特性.利用该磁流变液研制的阻尼器用于某型号高频火炮发射系统的后坐力阻尼控制,取得了良好的实验结果.     

实用型磁流变体材料研究

研究了基液和添加剂对磁流变体的温度稳定性、润滑减磨性及磁流变性能的影响规律。实验结果表明采用合理的基液和添加刑复合工艺制备的磁流变体材料,最低使用温度达-40℃。0．5T磁场下剪切应力值达56kPa,且具有良好的润滑性能和抗沉降团聚稳定性能。     

实用型磁流变体材料研究

研究了基液和添加剂对磁流变体的温度稳定性、润滑减磨性及磁流变性能的影响规律.实验结果表明,采用合理的基液和添加剂复合工艺制备的磁流变体材料,最低使用温度达-40℃,5000Gs磁场下剪切应力值达56kPa,且具有良好的润滑性能和抗沉降团聚稳定性能.     

磁流变液的配制及其流变模型的研究

实验研究了磁流变液的改性配制工艺,并配制出了与美国商品化磁流变液性能相当的试样.其次,实测了磁流变液的剪切速率与剪切应力的关系,并分别用Bingham模型和Herschel-Bulkley模型对磁流变液的流变本构关系进行最小二乘拟合,研究表明后者可以较好地拟合MR液屈服后区的非线性特征.最后,通过阻尼器性能试验研究,进一步验证了磁流变液的本构关系更接近于Herschel-Bulkley体而非Bingham体.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.