某节能住宅小区地下水源热泵系统应用的经济性及节能性分析

针对咸阳市某节能住宅小区供冷供热的需求,依据建筑节能规范指标要求,进行围护结构热工设计与计算。结合当地丰富的浅层地下水资源条件,确定了利用地下水源热泵系统对该住宅小区进行供冷供热方案。对系统经济性和节能性进行计算与分析,对比分析了建筑围护结构和空调系统对建筑节能的贡献率,指出了建筑节能集成效益的优势。     

基于区域性气候条件的建筑节能供热分时控制方法

我国区域性气候条件多变，不同地区可以采用不同的方式实现建筑供热，降低建筑能耗，因此，提出基于区域性气候条件的建筑节能供热分时控制方法。根据我国不同区域条件的供热能耗负荷，获取建筑能耗负荷比重；设计模糊自适应的PID控制器，将建筑的供热负荷值输入控制器中计算，依据控制器的输出结果，实现建筑节能供热的分时控制；建立不同的控制方案。实验结果表明，设计方法可将建筑供热能耗节能率提升5%～8.7%,节能效果显著。     

既有居住建筑供热计量改造技术分析与能效评估

对枣庄市某小区供热计量改造项目进行了技术分析与能效评估,为其他节能改造项目提供参考,有助于推动既有居住建筑节能改造的推广。     

值得关注的建筑节能问题

建筑节能是整个节能工作的重要组成部分。介绍了国外建筑节能情况及我国节能方面采取的措施 ,分析了落后的原因 ,提出从政策制定、激励机制、技术进步等方面加强建筑节能工作 ,并要求引起全社会的重视。     

既有建筑节能改造的研究与探讨

我国既有建筑每年消耗大量能源,对不符合节能设计规范的既有建筑进行节能改造,是实现建筑节能目标最重要和最有效的方法之一。提出节能改造流程,并结合山东省某居住建筑节能改造工程实例,选用合理的围护结构材料,详细列出节能改造步骤。通过改造前后实测数据经济效益分析,说明既有建筑的节能改造,可减少供热能耗,提高住户的热舒适度,提高人们节能意识,具有较好的节能减排推动作用。     

严寒地区节能建筑采暖能耗实测结果分析

实测的节能建筑采暖能耗数据对建筑节能的研究是必不可少的。本文介绍了长春市某节能建筑住宅楼的建筑围护结构及其低温辐射电热膜供热系统,对该建筑采暖能耗进行了采暖期的逐日实测与计算分析,提出降低节能建筑采暖能耗的几点新思路与实际作法。     

推广建筑节能技术降低能源消耗

从建筑标准、采暖系统、建筑节能、旧房改造等方面对国内外建筑节能技术发展状况进行了对比，讨论了墙体、门窗、屋面、底层地面等建筑工程结构的节能技术及供热管网、平衡供暖等采暖系统的节能技术和发展前景。     

国际建筑节能经验对我国建筑节能发展的启发

主要介绍了美国、德国、日本等发达国家在建筑节能标准、法规及相关政策制定等方面所做的工作,以及取得的节能成效。分析了我国目前在建筑节能领域存在的差距,对比国外的先进经验,提出了我国在建筑节能法律法规、激励政策的制定和实施以及节能标准体系、节能技术体系建设等许多方面需加大工作力度的启示思路。     

加快实施既有居住建筑节能改造推进供热体制改革

根据建设部等八部委2005年12月及2006年9月所提出的关于进一步推进城镇供热体制改革的意见,提出克拉玛依地区实施既有非节能居住建筑节能改造,推进供热体制改革。     

实现建筑节能1．1亿t标准煤

建设部将从以下几方面落实“十一五”期间建筑节能1．1亿t标准煤的目标任务：一是新建建筑节能7000万t：二是北方地区供热体制改革和既有居住建筑节能改造节能1600万t;三是大型公共建筑节能管理与改造节能1100万t,四是可再生能源建筑中规模化应用节能1100万t;五是在建筑中推广绿色照明节能200万t。     

Heat planning for fossil-fuel-free district heating areas with extensive end-use heat savings: A case study of the Copenhagen district heating area in Denmark

The Danish government plans to make the Danish energy system to be completely free of fossil fuels by 2050 and that by 2035 the energy supply for buildings and electricity should be entirely based on renewable energy sources. To become independent from fossil fuels, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the existing building stock, increase energy efficiency, and convert the present heat supply from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. District heating is a sustainable way of providing space heating and domestic hot water to buildings in densely populated areas. This paper is a theoretical investigation of the district heating system in the Copenhagen area, in which heat conservation is related to the heat supply in buildings from an economic perspective. Supplying the existing building stock from low-temperature energy resources, e.g. geothermal heat, might lead to oversized heating plants that are too expensive to build in comparison with the potential energy savings in buildings. Long-term strategies for the existing building stock must ensure that costs are minimized and that investments in energy savings and new heating capacity are optimized and carried out at the right time.     

建筑环境与暖通空调节能

本文针对暖通空调节能的趋势,分析了建筑环境对暖通空调系统的影响,提出从建筑环境方面考虑问题是暖通空调节能的必要途径。     

Stagnating energy efficiency in the Swedish building sector—Economic and organisational explanations

The development towards higher energy efficiency in the Swedish building sector stagnated in the late 1980s and 1990s. In new buildings the average specific energy use for heating is twice as high as in the best performing buildings 20 years ago. By combining econometric studies and interviews with actors in the building sector we analyse the underlying economic and organisational causes for this development. In the stock of buildings, specific energy use for heating (kWh/m²/yr) has a high correlation with increasing energy prices and price elasticities have not changed markedly over time. This implies that the stagnation to a large extent can be explained by energy price trends. On the contrary, in new buildings the correlation between energy prices and specific energy use is much weaker. One important cause of low sensitivity to price changes is that information about the life cycle cost (LCC) of different investment alternatives is often not available to the involved actors. The most common investment criterion is instead the requirements of the national building energy standard which has developed into a norm rather than a minimum for energy performance. In this paper we also discuss potential improvements in the learning processes within the sector.     

Effect of building regulation on energy consumption in residential buildings in Korea

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the energy demand for the building sector constituted about 25.3% of the final energy use in South Korea. The energy demand for residential buildings counts for 50.3% of the building sector and has also increased by 2.9 percent every year. The Korean government has shifted focus and is now promoting energy efficiency within the building sector and has set long-term energy conservation goals.Despite these efforts to minimize building energy, the Korean government has changed the building regulation to allow remodeling of the balcony space as a living space. Remodeling the balcony space to become an indoor space means that a buffer space for the outdoor environment is lost, causing thermal discomfort and discomfort glare and moreover, increasing the heating and cooling energy demand in residential buildings. Also, it results in an increase in building energy demand in South Korea.In this study, the effect of the alteration of balcony space on the indoor thermal environment and the heating and cooling energy demand of residential buildings in Korea were investigated by field measurement and simulation. From the measurement results, the indoor temperature of the condition without a balcony was 0.8 °C lower than that with a balcony. The heating and cooling load of the unit without the balcony space was 39% and 22% higher, respectively, than that of the unit with the balcony space. This increase results in considerable energy loss in the national scale and the ratio will be 0.3% of the final energy use in Korea. Also, it represents about 1.3% of the final energy use within the building sector of Korea.     

高层建筑节能采暖系统设计方案研究

高层建筑采暖系统由于各种原因常常产生水力失调的问题,结合建筑节能的发展趋势,提出优化采暖系统整体结构,通过智能系统主动控制相关阀门进行流量和压力调节的新型高层建筑采暖系统设计方案,以达到垂直方向和水平方向的水力平衡,降低整个系统的能源消耗和浪费,减少维护费用和管理费用并满足人们对室内环境的热舒适性要求的目的。     

Consumer choice on ecologically efficient water heaters: Marketing strategy and policy implications in Japan

This study examines how consumers select ecologically efficient water heaters in Japan. Energy conservation in household water heating is increasingly important for reducing an amount of CO₂ emission, because the share of water heating in household energy consumption is approximately 30%. Recently, Japanese households have widely used ecologically efficient electric heat pump water heaters (Eco Cute) or gas-fired water heaters (Eco Jozu). The total number of such efficient water heaters sold in Japan was more than 2.5 million at the end of 2008. This study investigates various factors and impacts of marketing strategy for promoting the appliances in Japan. We apply mixed and nested logit models to a disaggregated choice data on water heaters from 2004 to 2008. This study considers retail energy prices, a government financial support and marketing activities as important factors for appliance selection. In addition, we consider consumers' housing attributes such as floor space and age of building. This empirical study finds two business implications. One of the two implications is that an increase in an energy price may enhance a choice probability of Eco Cute and Eco Jozu because a price increase invites consumer's consciousness on energy conservation so that a cost reduction on energy consumption becomes essential in a use of the efficient appliances. The other implication is that marketing activities, especially by recommendations from sales representatives and/or housing suppliers, are important for consumer behaviors. The other important findings are discussed in this study. This business experience in Japan is useful to the other countries where ecologically efficient water heaters are not popular at the current moment.     

相变墙体在节能建筑中的应用

在充分考虑北方地区夏季昼夜的气候条件和国家节约用电的峰谷电价差政策的基础上,利用DSC进 行了相变储能材料性能测试与分析,优选出2种脂酸类相变材料制成相变储能墙板,进行了相变墙板热性能 分析。研究表明,相变墙体在北方寒冷地区节能建筑中应用,可以利用我国北方城镇丰富的自然冷风条件,符 合国家有关调低乡镇居民电价和电力移峰填谷政策,不但能降低供热空调系统的投资与能耗,而且也是一种 改善建筑能耗对环境负面影响的有效途径。     

浅析建筑中空调节能

简要的阐述了空调节能在建筑节能中的应用发展。     

民用建筑节能影响因素分析

回顾民用建筑节能发展过程,针对我国民用建筑节能的发展现状,结合地区的气候特点,通过对民用建筑系统中影响城市民用建筑能源消耗的主要因素进行分析和研究,明确总体节能效果和各个因素对整体节能效果的贡献,探讨我国民用建筑节能的有效措施和节能的发展方向。