越南蜉属一新种(蜉蝣目:小蜉科)

越南蜉属Vietnamella是1972年苏联切尔诺娃博士()创立的,当时她从越南采得三只稚虫定名为V.thani,并将稚虫的形态结构予以描述。1982年6月10—13日我们在福建三港采到越南蜉属7♂♂11♀♀,1983年6月在大别山诸佛庵,7月在大化坪、七邻、斑竹园等地采到无数个成虫和稚虫,经研究系该属一新种。现将成虫和稚虫分别描述如下:     

中国扁蜉科二新种记述(昆虫纲,蜉蝣目)

记述采自中国香港的蜉蝣目扁蜉科2新种。根据稚虫和成虫的形态特征,详细描述了中国新纪录属康扁蜉属Compsoneuria 1新种：大埔浯康扁蜉Compsoneuria taipokauensis sp．nov．。该新种的成虫标本由稚虫在实验室内饲养而成。根据稚虫形态特征,详细描述了高翔蜉属1新种：箭鬃高翔蜉Epeorus sagittatus sp．nov．。     

我国大陆细蜉属Caenis 修订及一新种描述(蜉蝣目:细蜉科)

我国大陆细蜉属Caenis共知5种,其中短铗细蜉Caenis parviforcipis(Zhou et al.)n．comb．由短尾蜉属Brachycercus转移而来;中华细蜉Caenis sinensis Gui et al．稚虫形态在本文中首次描述;另外从标本来看,已知的黑铗细蜉Caenis nigroforceps Zhou et al．实际为近岸细蜉Caenis rivulorum Eaton的新异名;本文描述1新种：花斑细蜉Caenis melanoleuca,sp．nov．;第5种黑点细蜉Caenis nigropunctata Klapalek也根据标本得到了确认。文中还给出了以上5种成虫和4种稚虫的检索表。所有标本都保存在南京师范大学生命科学学院。     

短尾蜉属 (蜉蝣目 :细蜉科 )在中国的首次发现及一新种记述(英文)

本文报道短尾蜉属BrachycercusCrutis (1834)在中国的首次发现 ,并对该属一新种小铗短尾蜉Brachycercusparviforcipissp .nov .的形态特征作了详细描述 ,模式标本采自云南省昆明市松花坝水库。正模 :♂成虫 ,副模 :3♂成虫 ,采集时间 :VI 2 1996 ,采集人 :周长发和王备新 ,保存在南京师范大学生物系。综合利用小铗短尾蜉雄成虫的下列特征 ,可将它与同属已知的 19种区别开来 :1)触角色浅单一 ,梗节长度是柄节的三倍以上 ;2 )胸部背板棕色 ,前足腿节基部黑色 ,第一、第二、第九、第十节的腹部背板全部及其它每节背板的后缘为棕黑色 ,其他部分为淡黄色 ;3)与同属其它种相比 ,小铗短尾蜉的尾铗短小 ,不超过阳茎长度。     

中国蜉蝣一新属新种(蜉蝣目:河花蜉科)

河花蜉科(Potamanthidae)目前在全世界已报道了6属31种,其中在我国发现的有似河花蜉属Potamanthodes新似河花蜉属Neopotamanthodes和Rhoenanthopsis属共3属9种。作者从1982—1984年采自秦岭,大别山的标本中发现一新属新种。因为蜉蝣具有独特的变态类型(原变态),目前把成虫、亚成虫和成熟稚虫以及卵的特征用于分类已成为世界蜉蝣分类研究的趋势。而在国内由于此项工作起步很晚,以前的分类大多只限于对成虫或亚成虫的单一描述。本文则对新属新种的各虫态都进行了记述。     

河花蜉属一新种(蜉蝣目:河花蜉科)

河花蜉属Potamanthus Picted的绝大多数种类分布于北美,另外在欧洲和北非也有记录。在亚洲,由NavàS(1931)报道了印度的P.subcostalis,但他只对雌成虫进行了简单的描述,有些学者对此种表示怀疑;Imanisbi(1940)报道了采自中国东北和朝鲜的两种稚虫,由于没定出种名,又无成虫,此资料也鲜被正式引用。我们于1983—1984两年在大别山区采得此属的成虫、亚成虫和稚虫若干,经鉴定为一新种,现记述如下。     

柔裳蜉属(Habrophlebiodes Ulmer)一新种(蜉蝣目:细裳蜉科)(英文)

柔裳蜉属在我国仅记载有吉氏柔裳蜉(Habrophlebiodes gillies Peters 1963)一种。本文根据采自南京的柔裳蜉属中鉴定一新种:紫金柔裳蜉(Habrophlebiodes zijinensis sp. nov. ),并对其成虫、稚虫的形态特征作了详细的描述。新种与吉氏柔裳蜉相似。但紫金柔裳蜉身体较宽;体色较淡,头、胸部呈灰棕色,腹部淡灰棕色;外生殖器阳茎叶基部愈合,仅近端部1/3处凹陷,顶端腹侧有一钩状弯曲。两者有明显区别。     

中国四节蜉属一新种(蜉蝣目：四节蜉科)

报道了采自江苏省南京紫金山麓四节蜉属一新种逸仙四节蜉Baetis yixiani sp.nov.(成虫、稚虫),该新种稚虫近似于B. laetificus,主要区别为前者腹部第1～７节有7对鳃,而后者腹部第2～７节只有6对鳃。模式标本保存于南京师范大学生物系。     

长白山区小蜉科(蜉蝣目)稚虫新记录种、亚种检索

世界上现已知小蟀科有22属190余种,我国目前仅正式报道过该科的6属15种[1]。小蜉科稚虫多生活在石质河床的清冷流水体中,常可用来监测和指示河流的水质状况。作者1984年至1995年在吉林省长白山区共采集到小蜉科的稚虫标本上千头,经鉴定发现中国新记录13种及1亚种,隶属带助蜉属Cincticostella（2种）、弯握蜉属Drunella（5种及1亚种）、小蜉属Ephemerella（4种）、锯形蜉属Serratella（1种）、天角蜉属Uracanthella（1种）[2～4]。兹列出这些稚虫的属和种检索表。小蜉科新记录种及亚种稚虫形态特征检索表la前足腿节的前缘有齿状突起,…     

柔裳蜉属亚洲种类比较及紫金柔裳蜉稚虫再描记（蜉蝣目：细裳蜉科）

柔裳蜉属Habrophlebiodes蜉蝣的亚洲种类因两阳茎在端部明显分叉而与北美种类有显著区别。本属在亚洲地区现已知4种,其中出众柔裳蜉H.prominens Ulmer的下唇须末节较长、后翅脉相独特以及翅面着色明显而易识别;吉氏柔裳蜉H.gilliesi Peters阳茎较细,两阳茎叶的基部2/3愈合;紫金柔裳蜉H.zijinensis You&Gui阳茎短粗,两阳茎叶在基部1/2愈合,端部突起也较大。与吉氏柔裳蜉相比,紫金柔裳蜉稚虫的鳃具有多而明显的气管分支;与娇弱柔裳蜉H.tenella Kang&Yang相比,紫金柔裳蜉的鳃分叉较深、气管分支更近基部,体色也较浅。柔裳蜉属稚虫的主要特征与拟细裳蜉属Paraleptophlebia和新细裳蜉属Neoleptophlebia相似,但其中舌叶具细毛簇。本属所在的细裳蜉亚科Leptophlebiinae各属之间的系统发育关系重建需要对更多材料进行更深入的研究。     

淡水青虾幼体发育的初步研究

作者观察了淡水青虾在实验室条件下幼体发育的情况。在幼体发育的全过程中,有的个体蜕皮9次,有的蜕皮11、14次。本文是描述蜕皮9次的个体的发育情况。从第一至第九期幼体以及后期幼体都附有详细的附肢图和部分整体图。幼体发育所需的时间随水温而变,在26.5±1.3℃条件下,幼体完成变态达到后期幼体需21天,在30.9±1-2℃仅需16天。       

FURTHER STUDY RE-EXAMINING WHETHER LARVAL EPIDERMIS CAN OMIT THE SECRETION OF A PUPAL CUTICLE, USING THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI

When larval tissue is exposed to a hormonal milieu lacking juvenile hormone, adult characters appear directly, omitting the pupal stage, in some insects but not in others, including Bombyx mori. An attempt was made to induce omission of pupal characters in this species by varying the stage of the larval epidermis to be tested. Pieces of larval integument taken from fourth- and fifth-instar larvae of various stages were transplanted to developing adults. Although the number of cuticle layers and the types of cuticle produced differed depending on the age of the donors, none of the pieces omitted secreting the pupal cuticle. It is concluded that the larval epidermis cannot omit secreting pupal cuticle, and that a transition of tissue competence may play an important part in the sequential appearance of larval, pupal, and adult characters.     

粘虫幼虫密度对幼虫食物利用率的影响

本文对粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)不同幼虫密度下(1头/瓶、15头/瓶、30头/瓶)5龄至预蛹和6龄至预蛹的幼虫食物取食量、粪便排泄量、近似消化率、体重增长和粗生长效率等进行了研究。结果表明：幼虫的食物取食量、粪便排泄量随幼虫密度的增加而加大,表明群居或幼虫密度的增加可使幼虫的取食量增加从而使为害加重。但是,幼虫的体重增长则随幼虫密度的增加而下降,这是因为近似消化率和粗生长效率也随幼虫密度的增加而下降的缘故。由此认为,食物利用率下降是高密度条件下粘虫个体较小的主要原因之一。但是,些效应均随幼虫密度影响的消失而消失。     

鲢、鳙锚头鳋的生物学及其防治的研究

本文对鲢、鳙锚头鳋的生物学、病后获得免疫以及药物治疗进行了探讨。通过试验与观察得出以下几点结论:1)成虫产卵、虫卵孵化的最适水温是20-25℃。2)当水温15-20℃时,幼虫发育约需14-16天;26-31℃时,约需7天。3)在鱼种培育阶段的7月中旬至9月中旬,当水温25-37℃时,成虫的平均寿命为20天。4)成虫可分“童虫”、“壮虫”和“老虫”三种形态。5)感染一定数量锚头鳋的鲢、鳙鱼种,在虫脱、病愈后可以获得明显的免疫力。6)0.3-0.5 ppm的晶体敌百虫全池泼洒,能有效地控制较大水体里的鲢、鳙锚头鳋病。7)锚头鳋的寿命和鱼种病后获得免疫与防治此病有密切的关系。       

HABITAT DURATION,LENGTH OF LARVAL PERIOD,AND THE EVOLUTION OF A COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE OF A SALAMANDER,AMBYSTOMA TEXANUM

In many organisms, genotypic selection may be a less effective means of adapting to unpredictable environments than is selection for phenotypic plasticity. To determine whether genotypic selection is important in the evolution of complex life cycles of amphibians that breed in seasonally ephemeral habitats, we examined whether mortality risk from habitat drying in natural populations of small-mouthed salamanders (Ambystoma texanum) corresponded to length of larval period when larvae from the same populations were grown in a common laboratory environment. Comparisons were made at two levels of organization within the species: 1) among geographic races that are under strongly divergent selection regimes associated with the use of pond and stream habitats and 2) among populations within races that use the same types of breeding habitats. Morphological evidence indicates that stream-breeding A. texanum evolved from pond-breeding populations that recently colonized streams. Larvae in streams incur heavy mortality from stream drying, so the upper bound on length of larval period is currently set by the seasonal duration of breeding sites. We hypothesized that selection would reduce length of larval period of pond-breeders that colonize streams if their larval periods are inherently longer than those of stream-breeders. The results of laboratory experiments support this hypothesis. When grown individually in a common environment, larvae from stream populations had significantly shorter larval periods than larvae from pond populations. Within races, however, length of larval period did not correlate significantly with seasonal duration of breeding sites. When males of both races were crossed to a single pond female, offspring of stream males had significantly shorter larval periods than offspring of pond males. Collectively, these data suggest that differences in complex life cycles among pond and stream-breeders are due to genotypic selection related to mortality from habitat drying. Stream larvae in the common-environment experiment were significantly smaller at metamorphosis than pond larvae. Yet, the evolution of metamorphic size cannot be explained readily by direct selection: there are no intuitively obvious advantages of being relatively small at metamorphosis in streams. A positive phenotypic correlation was observed between size at metamorphosis and length of larval period in most laboratory populations. A positive additive genetic correlation between these traits was demonstrated recently in another amphibian. Thus, we suspect that metamorphic size of stream-breeders evolved indirectly as a consequence of selection to shorten length of larval period.     

毒蛾科昆虫幼期毛瘤研究(鳞翅目：毒蛾科)

报道了毒蛾科16属幼期的毛瘤特性及其分属检索表，并对毒蛾科各类中存在的2个类型进行了讨论。     

粘虫幼虫密度对成虫能源物质含量的影响

通过粘虫Mythimna separata幼虫密度(1头/瓶、20头/瓶、40头/瓶)对成虫水分、甘油酯和糖原含量影响的研究结果。不同幼虫密度处理的初羽化成虫水分含量无明显差异,但1～5日龄40头/瓶的雄蛾及1～3日龄雌蛾高于单头处理的;20、40头/瓶的初羽化成虫甘油酯含量没有显著的差异,但均显著地高于单头饲养的;20头/瓶羽化的雌、雄成虫l～5日龄甘油酯含量随日龄的增加而增加,到5日龄达到最大值后才开始下降,40头/瓶的在3日龄达到最大值后即开始下降,而单头饲养羽化的在1日龄达到较高值,2日龄降至最低后再缓慢回升。幼虫密度对初羽化成虫及1～7日龄雄蛾的糖原含量没有显著的影响,但20、40头/瓶条件下羽化的1～7日龄雌蛾糖原含量随日龄的增加而增加,而单头饲养的则随日龄的 增加而下降。这些结果表明幼虫密度不仅影响到初羽化成虫能源物质的含量,而且也可能影响到成虫能源物质特别是甘油酯的代谢。